FEDERATION EUROPEENNE DES ECOLES EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF SCHOOLS EUROPISCHER SCHULVERBAND FEDERAZIONE EUROPEA DELLE SCUOLE FEDERACION EUROPEA

DE CENTROS DOCENTES
Organisation Non Gouvernementale dote du statut participatif auprs du Conseil de lEurope NGO enjoying participatory status with the Council of Europe

LANGUE VIVANTE EUROPEENNE

ANGLAIS ECRIT

NIVEAU MASTER

Les rponses doivent tre reportes sur la fiche optique

Aucun dictionnaire nest autoris

Type dpreuve : QCM et rdaction Dure : 1 heure 45 Session : Octobre 2010

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Barme de notation pour le QCM

Bonne rponse : 3 points

Absence de rponse : 0 point

Rponse errone : - 1 point

Pour chacune des questions une seule rponse est possible

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TEXTE DE COMPREHENSION N1

Twitter
Twitter is a mixture of messaging, social networking, "microblogging" and something called "presence," shorthand for the idea that people should enjoy an "always on" virtual omnipresence. Twitter's rapid growth made it the object of intense interest and a fair amount of ridicule. But its use in Iran in the wake of the disputed presidential election of June 2009 to organize protests and disseminate information in the face of a news media crackdown brought it new respect. When a user is logged in on Twitter, it asks one simple question, "What are you doing?" Users answer in 140 characters or fewer. And unlike most text messages, tweets are routed among networks of friends. Strangers, called "followers," can also choose to receive the tweets of people they find interesting. In 2009, people in Iran created their own searchable tags on Twitter to organize protests against their governments and share information with each other and the world. In June, Iranian opposition supporters angry over presidential election results used Twitter and other forms of new media to share news on rallies, police crackdowns on protesters, and analysis. With the authorities blocking text-messaging on cellphones, Twitter has become a handy alternative for information-hungry Iranians. While Iran has also tried to block Twitter posts, Iranians are skilled at using proxy sites or other methods to circumvent the official barriers. In a notable moment during the Iranian protests, State Department officials e-mailed Twitter to request a delay in scheduled maintenance of its global network, which would have cut off service while Iranians were using Twitter to swap information and inform the outside world about the mushrooming protests around Tehran. Twitter complied with the request and briefly postponed its upgrade. The episode demonstrated the extent to which the Obama administration views social networking as a new diplomatic tool. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton talks regularly about the power of e-diplomacy, particularly in places where the mass media are repressed.

Adapted from an article in The New York Times, 15 April 2010

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1. ..."in the wake of disputed presidential election"... means:

a. before efforts to organize an election b. there were problems during the election c. directly following controversial election results

2. What led to major interest in Twitter?

a. the rate at which it grew b. a lot of joking about it c. celebrities' daily usage of it

3. Tweets are shared with...

a. everyone on Twitter b. anyone who wants to see them c. groups with restricted access

4. How did Twitter gain respect?

a. after being used to support protest efforts in Iran b. by helping the police manage protests in Iran c. after being used by the State Department

5. What was the goal of Iranian opposition supporters?

a. to call for crackdowns b. to organize analytics c. to spread information

6. The Iranian government...

a. successfully prevented citizens from tweeting b. successfully allowed citizens to text c. failed to prevent citizens from accessing Twitter

7. "Twitter has become a handy alternative"...means it has become:

a. a hand-held device b. a convenient option c. a conventional choice

8. How did Twitter respond to the State Department's request to delay network maintenance?
a. they complained about the delay b. they agreed to put it off c. they immediately completed it

9. How does the Obama administration view social networking?

a. as quite useful b. as barely usable c. as essentially useless

10. "Where mass media are repressed"...means:

a. where media giants dominate b. where media giants rule c. where mainstream media are under government domination

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TEXTE DE COMPREHENSION N2

Facebook Bows to Pressure Over Privacy Ever since Facebook was founded in 2004, Mark Zuckerberg, its chief executive, has pushed its users to share more information about themselves. Repeatedly, users have pushed back, complaining that some new feature or setting violated their privacy. But the reaction has rarely been as strong as in the last few weeks, as users, privacy advocates and government officials in many countries lobbed a series of increasingly vociferous complaints against the company. On Wednesday, Mr. Zuckerberg responded, unveiling a set of controls that he said would help people better understand what they were sharing online, and with whom. The back and forth between Facebook and its users over privacy is gaining importance as the companys growth continues unabated. It now has nearly 500 million users around the world, and its policies, more than those of any other company, are helping to define standards for privacy in the Internet age. The new settings would simplify a system that required users to sort through about 150 options. Facebook is trying to change privacy on the Internet, and users are pushing back, said Marc Rotenberg, executive director of the Electronic Privacy Information Center, which recently filed a complaint about Facebooks privacy practices with the Federal Trade Commission. This is about who controls the disclosure of data. Facebook cannot make that decision for users. Mr. Rotenberg and other privacy advocates said the changes that Facebook announced on Wednesday were generally positive ones, but they said they hoped for further changes and for more oversight from Congress and regulators. Mr. Zuckerberg announced the changes during a press conference at Facebooks headquarters here. He appeared contrite and conceded mistakes, but he did not apologize to users. He said the new privacy settings, which will show up in users accounts over the next couple of weeks, would make it easier for users to understand how much of their personal information was publicly accessible. Facebook said it would give its users simple controls to determine whether their information was visible to only friends, friends of friends, or everyone on the Internet. Those settings will be applied retroactively to everything users have already published on Facebook.

Adapted from an article in The New York Times, 26 May 2010

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11. According to the first paragraph, Mark Zuckerberg's apparent goal is:
a. for people to disclose as much personal information as possible b. for people to disclose as little personal information as possible c. for people to disclose no personal information

12. Facebook users' response to his attitude has been:

a. positive b. negative c. neutral

13. Recent reactions have been:

a. less notable than before b. more vehement than before c. equal to previous reactions

14. Zuckerberg's answer was to:

a. refute the need for clearer privacy controls b. introduce new software upgrades c. comply with requests for clearer privacy controls

15. The growth of Facebook is:

a. steadily increasing b. unimpressive c. stagnant

16. Advocates means:

a. lawyers b. barristers c. defenders

17. The E.P.I.C. response to the proposed changes was:

a. neutral but content b. positive but guarded c. negative but optimistic

18. He appeared contrite and conceded mistakes..." means:

a. he looked remorseful and admitted to having made mistakes b. he looked content and denied having made mistakes c. he looked smug and acknowledged no mistakes

19. The new privacy settings will:

a. be immediately visible to all users b. only apply to Facebook's homepage c. be introduced shortly

20. The new settings on Facebook will:

a. not be relevant to previous posts b. affect previous posts c. delete all previous posts

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COMPLETER LE TEXTE Pour chaque blanc choisissez une des quatre propositions

Dicing with data

Google and especially Facebook should change the way they look after peoples personal information
Facebook and Google have found (21) in a pickle over privacy. Facebook faces (22) for (23) by default. Google has been castigated by privacy making more information about its users regulators for (24) data from unsecured Wi-Fi networks as part of a project to capture images of streets around the world. Although the two cases are (25), they have (26) fears that online privacy is being threatened as internet giants grab as much data as possible. They have provoked calls for (27) action by regulators and (28) firms from abusing the personal data they hold. A social-networking expert has even argued governments to that Facebook is now so embedded in peoples lives that it should be (29) as a utility. The firms have fought (30). Facebook claims that most of its users are comfortable with its changes, (31) the furor on media including one that lets it share detailed customer data with external sites. It has (32); only a few privacy (33) have publicly committed Facebook suicide by closing their accounts. Google has (34) for its mistake and says that leaders of its Street View project knew nothing about the software that allowed its roving vehicles to capture snippets of e-mails. (35) most extreme, the attack on Facebook and Google makes little (36). Treating them as At utilities seems excessive. They are not essential services that enjoy a local or national monopoly; people who feel their privacy is being violated are free to leave, though many sites (37) make it hard for them to take their data with them. A second reason to (38) carefully is that strict regulation could (39) the rapid (40) innovation in business models that has thrived on the internet. Instead, officials should concentrate on existing privacy rulessomething they seem reassuringly keen to do. However, even if you distrust government intervention and believe the world has (41) from the sharing of information on the web, there are (42) real grounds for concern. Google claims it discovered that its (43) several years only after privacy software had been accidentally recording private information officials in Germany demanded that it come clean about the data being collected. That is a stunning admission and privacy watchdogs are right to investigate that. Facebooks problem is more (44). The social network has some of the most extensive privacy controls on the web, but these have now become so complexand are tweaked so oftenthat even privacy experts find them (45) to push people into revealing more information. confusing. The company also has a powerful Facebook (46) most of its (47) from targeted advertisements based on users demography and interests, so the more data users share publicly the more money it can mint from ads. The problem is Facebooks underlying (48) against privacy. It assumes you want to share as much data as possible; if not, you have to change the settings, which can be tricky. The presumption should be exactly the opposite: (49) privacy controls, which users may loosen if they choose. If Facebook fails to the default should be simplify and improve its privacy policy, it will risk the (50) of regulatorsand many more Facebook suicides.

May 20th 2010 | From The Economist print edition

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21. a. each other b. them c. themselves d. theirs 22. a. criticals b. criteria c. critic d. criticism 23. a. available b. disposable c. ready d. up 24. a. collecting b. collectioning c. collected d. collectioned 25. a. equivalent b. distinct c. separated d. apart 26. a. revamped b. reviewed c. relived d. revived 27. a. roughest b. toughest c. tougher d. though 28. a. allow b. prevent c. predispose d. prevalent 29. a. regulated b. relegated c. rendered d. rewound 30. a. up b. on c. in d. back

31. a. bloomed b. believed c. belied d. blamed 32. a. hysteria b. hysterical c. hysteric d. hysteroid 33. a. fights b. activists c. activators d. fighters 34. a. apologizing b. apologies c. apology d. apologized 35. a. its b. their c. a d. our 36. a. nonsense b. sense c. sensation d. sensible 37. a. deliberately b. purpose c. purposeful d. deliberate 38. a. walking b. walks c. treads d. tread 39. a. stick b. stigmatize c. stifle d. stiffen 40. a. entrancing b. entrapping c. enforcing d. enclosing

41. a. gained b. heightened c. measured d. weighed 42. a. dramatically b. steadily c. eventfully d. plainly 43. a. since b. for c. until d. there are 44. a. fundamental b. coincidental c. incidental d. anecdotal 45. a. quizzical b. perceptive c. incentive d. insightful 46. a. generates b. owns c. markets d. endeavors 47. a. sales b. incoming c. cutbacks d. revenue 48. a. option b. prejudice c. posture d. status 49. a. tight b. tightest c. tightening d. tights 50. a. weirdness b. wealth c. wrath d. wreath

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ESSAI (sur 70 points)

Discuss the impact of social networking sites on society. How have sites like Facebook and Twitter changed the way we live and work? (400 words, +/- 10%, Please provide word count.)

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