Principles of Information Systems ICT107 Assignment Cover Sheet

Name: Damith Guruge

Assignment Title:

Principles of Information Systems ICT107

Lecturer: Mr G Keen Date due: Friday 16th November 2012

All forms of plagiarism, cheating and unauthorised collusion are regarded seriously by the Institute and will result in penalties including failure in the course and possible exclusion from the Institute. DECLARATION Except where I have indicated with references, the work I am submitting in this assignment is my own work and has not been submitted for assessment in any other course.

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Question 1 The Australian Crayfish Project b) Research Team There are three experts on freshwater crayfish work as team leaders. ACP Team Leader Robert B McCormack Managing Director/Researcher Australian Aquatic Biological P/L. 25 years as aquaculturist and teacher. ACP Chief Taxonomist Dr Jason Coughran - Associate Lecturer, Southern Cross University. 10 years research experience in freshwater biology.ACP Chief Geneticist
Dr. James W. Fetzner Jr. - Assistant Curator of Crustacean, Section of

Invertebrate Zoology Carnegie Museum of Natural History. 20 years of experience working on the biology & Areas of research. The concept of this project is to survey the entire of Australia to find and identify every breed of freshwater crayfish and its dwelling areas. This project was started in 2005 and will run to 2017 or probably far that. The project under the operation of the team leaders and with the assistance of a large number of students, volunteers and other researchers to conduct biological surveys and investigate every ponds, streams, rivers, swamps, and wet area in Australia to find out the location of every breed of freshwater crayfish. The researchers main aim to do the physically collect the new and every breed of crayfish, record each breed with photographic record/description as well as habitat, activities, lifecycle and spread, identify every breed via DNA testing, identify the threats current and the preservation condition of all breeds of freshwater crayfish in Australia. This project is a privately funded program. The financial support is given by crayfish enthusiasts and environmental groups. The project accepts sponsorship from anyone who can contribute as any amount they can. The Australian Crayfish Projects an initial budget estimate of $750,000.00 would be required to complete this project. The end of this research project they intended to results of development of full DNA database of all Australian crayfish breeds, discovery of many new breeds and descriptions of these breeds, increase the knowledge base on all Australian freshwater crayfish, Develop full guides for the crayfish of each State of Australia to increase the knowledge base on breeds and their habitats, Creation of books on the freshwater crayfish of Australia, Distribution and population maps of the breeds within the aquatic system, Creation of databases on all crayfish captured and future researchers, give recommendations for conservation of breeds for IUCN listing, increase of the knowledge of the breeds and their habitat to improve of their requirements for survival and proliferation. They assume that the completion of this project, ensure the future of freshwater crayfish of Australia and their fragile habitat areas to conserve and preserve these species for all time. 1

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c) The problem is Australian freshwater Crayfishes are endanger species list and some of varieties are still not uncovered. Then this project is mainly base on to find out every variety of them and protect them for future.
Researchers conduct biological surveys and investigate every ponds, streams,

rivers, swamps, and wet area in Australia to find out the location and every breed of freshwater crayfish.

The physically collect the every breed of crayfish and record each breed with

photograph & record/description as well as habitat, activities, lifecycle and spread, identify every breed via DNA testing. Identify the threats current and the preservation condition of all breeds of freshwater crayfish in Australia.

Finally all the collected details enter in to a database for preserving for future

purposes. As a example all the survey results are included in the Atlas of NSW Wildlife database and the Queensland governments wildlife database (WildNet).

d). Main issues faced by the project are they have to visit every place of living crayfish and find out the every activity of them. For do this they need more workface, because of this they ask more volunteers for do this as part time or full time. There are number of scientists also join with this project. For do this project there are number of equipments they need. Land vehicles , fishing nets , small water containers, digital cameras, cell phones, computers, lap tops etc and some of software such as database software, photo editing software,

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b) Wastewater Agriculture in Kurunegala City, Sri Lanka (WASPA Asia Project Report8) Research team Priyantha Jayakody, Indika Gunawardana, Sharika Guneratne, Alexandra Clemett and Priyanka Dissanayake This project reports are written by the Wastewater Agriculture and Sanitation for Poverty Alleviation in Asia (WASPA Asia) project. The project concept to develop and test solutions for sanitation and wastewater management and to reduce the risks forms wastewater use in agriculture. These project reports are essentially internal documents intended to inform the future activities of the project, particularly in relation to the development of Learning Alliances and participatory action plans. This project is funded mainly by the EU Asia Pro Eco II Program of the European Commission. It is being undertaken by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Sri Lanka; COSI, Sri Lanka; the International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC), the Netherlands; NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation, Bangladesh; and the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Sweden. The project pilot city is Kurunegala City in Sri Lanka. The aim of the project is to understand the activities and practices of farmers who are in the urban and pre-urban areas of Kurunagala district in Sri Lanka who irrigate with wastewater and canal water, investigate these two farming groups and to decide whether there are extra prevent to wastewater irrigation as balancing to canal water irrigation, to understand the problems of nutritious in the field when nutrient consistency in irrigation water are flexible and consider whether or not fertilizer application is modified as a result of this, to investigate whether present agricultural procedures are best and taking advantages of the benefits using wastewater in so far as Mitigate the possible negative affect or suggestions can be made to improve it. Uses of methodologies are Situation Analyses and Mapping and Questionnaire Survey. Then farmers were split into three groups such as those who use clean water for irrigation, those who irrigate from the upper part of the irrigation canal and those who receive water further down the irrigation canal. Ultimate result to reduce Pest attacks in the wastewater area & this appeared to be linked to more growth of vegetation and also be improved by more accurate fertilizer management.

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c) The Project concept to develop and test solutions for sanitation and wastewater management and to reduce the risks forms wastewater use in agriculture. They collect data which understand the activities and practices of farmers who are in the urban and pre-urban areas of Kurunagala district in Sri Lanka who irrigate with wastewater and canal water. All the related map of the project area was created by Arc View 3.2 GIS software, and available maps. Using the GPS technology for identifies wastewater and canal water irrigated areas. Using the pre experience they have formed a list of questions for ask from the farmers. All the collected data enter to the computers system for create reports and diagrams by researchers.

d) They have to collect all data by visiting to the places which have selected to do the project. These Areas also have two different farmers groups. They have to take the data by questioning and visit and examine the places. They need land vehicles, digital cameras, video equipments, laptops, personal computers, scanners, printers, phones, Weather reports, maps, statistics reports and software like Arc View 3.2 GIS, GPS, office package etc. Researchers, farmers from urban and pre-urban areas are the main persons directly involve in project actively.

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Question 2) a) I am specialized in computer networking and hardware engineering for any kind of network architectures and any kind of hardware equipments. My mission is to give good consultancy service and hardware support for clients to do their business successfully without any risk of the technology they use and data which is worth for their business. To form my business I have to think about these areas: A business premises (location) must be within city limit. It should be at least 500squire meters. (My office room, reception & setting are for clients, staff area, hardware workshop, server room, dining area). Building must have proper security system such as security officers and proper alarm system. Location must have parking spaces for clients. (at least 3 parking spaces). We have to purchase computers, servers and backup equipments (A storage area network (SAN) such as disk arrays, tape libraries, and optical jukeboxes) Equipments and tools for work shop. (Computer diagnose tools, blowers, Multi Meter etc) Mesh network architecture and network installation with cat6e network wires. Network firewall (such as Cisco, Juniper, Check point) Need Internet with high-speed connections such as T1 and a back connection. IP telephone system, a Fax machine and Photocopier machine, printer, scanner Company website , email address and software Office supplies include pens, pencils, paper, file folders, paper clips, and stationery. Tables, chairs, drawers and other furniture 10 staff members (1consultant, 2network technicians,2 hardware technicians, 1network admin, 2 clerical staff,1 receptionist / telephone operator , 1IT officers) Damith Guruge 31917649 Page 6

My target clients are middle range business companies and private home base clients.

b). constrains Premises within the city limit Parking next to building Reason Main target clients are business company persons Because sometimes clients have to take their computer & other device to our office We target company and private home customers and also we own 1 vehicle 4 technical team members, 2 IT related mangers, 1 consultant and 3 office staff for run the business smoothly Because one of our business is keeping and doing back up data for the clients We hope to give online help and trouble shoot facility for our clients , so we must have a speed internet connection and a back connection IP telephone system is the cheapest way to communicate within and outside the business For security issues this is a must because we liable to protect our customers data from any circumstance. As an IT consultancy business company web site is a essential requirement. We can attract new customers and communicate with new and existing customers from this. 31917649 Page 7

Parking for at least 3 vehicles 10 staff members

A storage area network (SAN) Internet with high-speed connections such as T1 and a back IP telephone system

Network firewall

Company website

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c). Hard constrains Parking for at least 3 vehicles A storage area network (SAN) Reason Without parking it is difficult to do run the business because clients are not coming to our place. Data backup and secure them is our one of the main business then without large back facility we cannot properly do our service This device also a must for our business. We have to fully guarantee our clients data security from intruders and hackers. This also very important to our business. We are base on IT support business then we have to do some servicer and facilities online. Because we mainly target the business company clients. Reason Parking next to the building is not a must. But parking is somewhere around the area of the premises. Within 10 staff members business can flow smoothly but it can be run with 7 or 8 staff members. Without IP telephone system we can run the business. We can install normal telephone system and run the business. Nowadays web site for a business is very common thing. It is very easy to communicate with clients and promotions easily. But without a web site business can run using other communication and promotional ways. Ex: telephone, fax, postal mail 31917649 Page 8

Network firewall Internet with high-speed connections such as T1 and a back Premises within the city limit

Soft constrains Parking next to building 10 staff members IP telephone system Company website

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e). Two alternative solutions Premises within the city limit If we cannot find a premises relating to our requirements (ex: parking) it is not worth to start the business in city limit. As an alternate solution we can find a place nearby to the city (A suburb near to the city). We can introduce mobile services and site visit for the clients requirements. Staff members We can keep minimum permanent staff to run the essential things. As a solution we can hire professionals and technical people relating to our requirements of the clients.

Question 3) a) The stakeholders in the Australian fish Labelling issue include Australian Food and Grocery Council is the leading national organization representing Australias packaged food, drink and grocery product manufacturers and its one of the stakeholders in the fish labeling. It is both the importer and retailer of fish as its members and the council will make sure that the fish are properly labeled as to protect the interest of both customer and producers of fish and if anything should happen to the fish market through improper labeling. Mislabeling, also known as misbranding is a violation of federal and state food safety laws. It can involve the illegal misrepresentation of varieties. This is affecting the organization as well as retailers holesalers and customers.(Australian Food Grocery Council 2010). Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry is the umbrella body of the importers. If fish and improper labeling, the public will not know which type of classification the fish they have been purchasing and eating which have been classified into. For example, the label states the fish of specific varieties, the contents should include the varieties as well with the nutrition information (Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry 2010) Retailer must know how the fish has classified and also the labeling process to tell the customer whenever they want to explain any issues or if they are not satisfied with when they are buying fish. If Customer purchase the wrong fish from the retailer it is directly to be affect the retailers reputation and trustworthy. They also return the goods and need the refund from the retailer. So this, mislabeling is a big problem to retailer to do the day to day business. Customers should be able to know more about the fish that they are buying if it is a fish, cuttlefish or crabs and at any time they need any extra information about what they are buying they should be able to ask the retailer. The customer may be allergic reaction to some kind of fish and if fish has mislabeled so it will be a big problem to them. So this will be facing a bad consequence to the retailer also so thatmislabeling of fish is generally more of a consumer fraud issue than one that impacts health of the customers. In this mislabeling problem is start from the fisherman side first. Because fisherman is resposbile for bringing the fish from the highsea to the retailer and if there are improper labeling, its going to affect the whole process as well. Food standards Australia and New Zealand are the organizations which are responsible for the adequate naming and that the fish are labeled according to what is Damith Guruge 31917649 Page 9

being contained in the label. It is the regulator agency for the food industry and one of the major stakeholders in the fish labeling (Food Standards Australia New Zealand 2012). So these are the stakeholders in the Australian fish labeling issue: fisherman, wholesalers, retailers, customers, Australian Food and Grocery Council, The Food standards Australia and New Zealand organizations, Australian Chamber of commerce.

b) Fishing industry would have to publicly track fish from the boat to the plate under supervision of quality control and do the action in rules and regulations by the authorizes. The Australian was approved by Standards of Australia Fish names standard AS SSA 5300 in 2007. It recommends a standard fish name for each variety of fish produced or trade in Australia with includes over 4,000 Australian and imported variety. The Standard specifies that:

sales and restaurants fish sold to consumers must be identified by their standard fish name Wholesalers, exporters, importers fish sold other than directly to consumers must be identified by their standard fish name or scientific name.

So act is there and they have given all the guidance to avoid mislabelling because This tightens regulations governing the seafood industry to stop mislabelled fish fraud. But implement a act is not enough, it must be monitor with in good manner to fulfil the public and customer confidence, effectiveness seafood marketing, sustainability of fisheries resources, accuracy of trade descriptors and labelling, effective traceability and food safety management. This mislabelling problem is not only in Australians market but also all over the other countries therefore inspections alone will not solve the problem but improving coordination among agencies and eliminating duplications is a good step in the right direction We want to see serious action taken at the local, state, and national level to address seafood mislabelling for the reason that it is very easy to mislead customers in the seafood industry. Seafood mislabelling is actually a racket and it is a risk to peoples health also. So that customers should find a trustworthy fish retailer that they can trust and, if they are worried that the fish may be mislabelled, they should ask for someone qualified to verify it. The retailer should clarify with the supplier if they are using the universal marking name and scientific name to confirm if there is doubt. Ask for and keep written evidence of the description of the fish that was supplied or have the type of fish sold documented on the invoice. So It is crystal clear that for demand tighter regulations in the seafood industry is a good way to avoid this mislabelling but other parties also work together to success such as customers, suppliers, retailers, fishermen and other parties actively involving in seafood business. Damith Guruge 31917649 Page 10

Bibliography
http://www.aabio.com.au/crayfish.html. http://www.aabio.com.au/crayfish.html. http://www.bairdmaritime.com/index.php? option=com_content&view=article&id=13247:us-legislation-aimed-at-stoppingseafood-mislabeling&catid=75:fisheries&Itemid=68. http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/scienceandeducation/factsheets/factsheets/fishlabell ing.cfm. http://forcechange.com/11860/stop-the-seafood-industry-from-mislabeling-fish/. http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/waspa/PDF/Publication/PRs/Report%208.pdf. http://www.seafood.net.au/page/?pid=305.

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