Summer of Love

Reeza Monteagudo Senior Division Individual Website

Process Paper In the beginning, the choice of topic included a wide range of topics in which could follow the theme having the theme be turning points of history. The topic of my choice did not come difficult as one of my most interested events in American history included the Summer of Love. I was fascinated by the events of the movement and the ideas of the young adults during the time that drew me into the pool of information. The depth of involvement the young adults found themselves in was admirable seeing the young adults of today and how little they have put themselves into politics and free thought. Although the rebellion would grow out of ideas radiating the immaturity of the majority of participants, the beginning foundation of the movement is what opted me to choose the Summer of Love as a topic. When researching the topic, I immediately decided to refer to the library for books, documentaries, and music that all took place during the late 1960s. Music had been a large impact in the movement and in finding specific albums of artists of the 1960s would allow me to find lyrics that referred to the movement and ideas the young adults projected throughout the Summer of Love. Documentaries were available as well in which could widen my knowledge having interviews of participants that were deeply involved. I researched online as well to find more videos and photography of the participants in the normal activities that would be done during the Summer of Love. The topic of the Summer of Love was also taught during a course I had taken during my sophomore year in the History of Rock n Roll in which I had taken the information Id learn from that lesson.

Choosing to do a website for National History Day occurred to me as the most available option since having access to my own computer, one which is not shared with another family member, could allow me to spend a majority of my time building a website. Creating a website would allow me to manipulate html codes and experiment in creating a site I would want to visit when surfing the internet. The NHD theme of turning point relates heavily to the Summer of Love because of multiple aspects. The Summer of Love involved the turning point of young adults being able to set a movement that says, We are the people, and we are taking control. It takes all of Americas regulated standards and the young people say no to it. It defines the turning point of a society that does not follow the status quo and will not subject them to the idealistic American dream. The Summer of Love revolves itself around the theme of a turning point in that the theme of the movement was to reverse Americas conservative ideals and replace them with the simplistic ideas of love and peace.

Annotated Bibliography

PRIMARY SOURCES "A Prophecy of a Declaration of Independence." A Prophecy of a Declaration of Independence. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2012. Developed by Allen Cohen, the beginnings of the Summer of Love established a document to portray as the hippies form of the Declaration of Independence. The young people put together the ideas that made up the community in which included the halt to recognition of regular social patterns, to create a more peaceful state of mind in everyone, and the equality of all people despite color, gender, and sexuality. Having this document is a significant factor to use to compare the original objectives of the Summer of Love at the beginning from the objectives towards the end of the summer.

Allen Ginsberg on the Beat Generation. 2013. The History Channel website. Mar 14 2013 9:51 http://www.history.comhttp://www.history.com/speeches/allen-ginsberg-on-the-beatgeneration. This source provides a first-hand experience of the perspectives Ginsberg expressed in the audio. The source embodies vividly of the 1960s realm and the types of issues discussed during the 1960s giving the website a close look to the subject of the 1960s and philosophy that was the theme for the young people. Ginsberg speaks in the audio clipping of the overall definition of the Beat Generation and what a beatnik entailed during the counterculture movement.

"Allen Ginsberg: quote on poetry." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. "The only thing that can save the world is the reclaiming of the awareness of the world. That's what poetry does." Ideas and perspectives regarding the rejection to commercialized lifestyles and society norms begin its roots in the 1950s and 60s. Allen Ginsberg takes the role of being the poet of the Beats. His famous quote shows the importance of poetry and the significance poetry can channel into the minds of the people. This quote helps one understand the mentality of individuals such as the Beatniks and hippies. It also helps one understand the source of belief that hippies would derive from the Beats such as Ginsberg.

Altman, Robert. The Sixties. Santa Monica, CA: Santa Monica, 2007. Print. The book composes entirely of photographs taken by Altman during the 1960s in Haight-Ashbury. Altman is able to expose the reality of what hippies were participating in and the types of activities, gatherings, and beliefs young people were embracing during the late 60s. Such pictures include flower children, musical get-togethers, happiness seen in every picture. With this book enables an individual to understand exactly how carefree and joyful the young people were, how strongly they believed a utopic-type world could exist.

Bibikow, Walter. Haight-Ashbury Sign Mural. 1967. corbisimages.com, San Francisco, California, USA. Web. 20 Feb 2013. The image presented is a mural of the cross-streets of Haight-Ashbury. The mural represents the artistic level of the young people during the 1960s in which provides the

progressive movement heading away from traditional values. The image helps with the website to show viewers of the type of colors and art the hippies would see when under the influence of drugs.

Bettmann, . Hippie Carrying a Giant Cross. 1967. corbisimages.com, San Francisco, California, USA. Web. 20 Feb 2013. The image provides a march of hippies in what is portrayed as a protest. The image is helpful to demonstrate the protests the young people participated in frequently and the visual imagery of how hippies would deliver their message.

Bettman, . Hippies Playing an Instrument. 1967. corbisimages.com, San Francisco, California, USA. Web. 20 Feb 2013. The image of a hippie playing an instrument provides a simplistic view of the lifestyle of hippies in general. The image also provides a sense of innocence in which the Summer of Love did begin in. The image is helpful to show viewers the innocent stages of the counterculture before drug abuse became the reason of decline.

Bettman,. Hippies Sitting in Doorway. 1967. corbisimages.com, San Francisco, California, USA. Web. 20 Feb 2013.

The image is of a group of hippies sitting around with their musical instruments. This image demonstrates the exact day to day activities hippies would participate in and the lifestyle they were trying to push globally. The image is helpful for my website to capture the exact essence of life during the Summer of Love.

Bettman, , and Corbis. Hippie Studying on Sidewalk. 1967. corbisimages.com, San Francisco, California, USA. Web. 20 Feb 2013. The image provided is of a young hippie on the sidewalk studying. The image is helpful to describe the aspect of literature that the young people were interested in and put more attention into versus television and shows revolving around beauty and money.

Cohen, Allen. The San Francisco Oracle: A Brief History. Serials Review 16.1 (1990): 13. MasterFILE Premier Web. 8 Dec. 2012 An abstract from the book The San Francisco Oracle written by a famous leader, Cohen describes in his perspective, the experience while being in San Francisco during the late 1960s. Cohen speaks of the drug usage with LSD, the meetings hed attend that would spark new ideas, the process of creating the Oracle, and the harsh treatment of the police. Cohen elaborated each Oracle that had been published into the newspaper in San Francisco. Having the opinions of one of the most famous leaders during the movement helps in the aspect that we see how passionate and the amount of work and effort that was built into creating a new society, a new world. It makes a reader understand the complications of building a utopic society in which everyone benefits, if everyone complies.

Gilliland, John. Show 42 - The Acid Test: Psychedelics and a sub-culture emerge in San Francisco. [Part 2] . UNT DigitalLibrary. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc19801/. Accessed December 8, 2012. This recording is a gathering of famous music played during the 1950s and 60s in which was put together by John Gilliland in 1967. The recording was to be broadcasted in 1969 and includes music by artists some of which are interviewed such as Janis Joplin, Grace Slick, and other famous musicians. Much of artists during the 1960s had been users of drugs such as LSD and marijuana. Listening to a few of the tracks will help the reader understand the style and how much of an influence drugs will have on music. The reality of what hippies acted like while on drugs can be heard through this recording recognizing the type of happiness they would feel throughout the day.

Ginsberg, Allen. "Howl, Parts I & II." - Poets.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. Allen Ginsberg is known most famously for his poems Howl and Kaddish. These poems embody the message the Beats valued during the 1950s and 60s. I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness, starving hysterical naked,.. Ginsberg displays the idea that the people with the most potential of achieving a life of happiness versus a life of greed being destroyed by madness which would concur as money and materialism. The poem, Howl displays a great message of the necessity for individualism and the break from materialistic things. The perspective of many Americans would change as poems such as Howl take a new idea into consideration.

"Haight-Ashbury." Image. AP/Wide World Photos. American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 8 Dec. 2012. With this image displays a hippie crossing the streets of Haight and Ashbury. As seen in the picture, the hippie shows signs of poverty with clothes consisting of ripped jeans and a shirt ridden in dirt along with his unshaven face and long hair. Despite the picture being taken in 1970 in which the Summer of Love had lost its vigor at that time, the picture proves evident that the beliefs of true hippies had not died down completely. The image helps an individual understand the power of the Summer of Love and the beliefs that will have changed the minds of Americans. Although the ideas may not have convinced Americans to join the social movement, the ideas would have made its way to be incorporated with societys thinking.

"Hippies celebrate in San Francisco." Image. AP/Wide World Photos. American History. ABCCLIO, 2012. Web. 8 Dec. 2012. The kick-off of Summer of Love is seen through this image as a young couple celebrates together in the early stages of the Summer of Love. As seen in the image is the portrayal of the typical female and male hippies. Female hippies would enjoy the colorful prints of flower dresses, flowers in their hair, and roaming streets barefoot. Males would be typically seen with beards and long hair displaying their rejection in having short hair that would be of societys most accepted hairstyle. This image helps one understand the culture and fashion choices that young people would exhibit to society which would result a new culture to be merged into todays culture.

"Hippies. Flower children play with the world in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, to celebrate the..." Dictionary of American History. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. 3rd ed. Vol. 4. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. As seen in the photo, the hippies begin the Summer of Love by playing with the world in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. Shown is the large group of people at the park surrounding themselves with Gods gift. Through the photo is given the aspect of the natural state a hippie would be in and the environment surrounded. Flower Children would roam blissfully with the idea of world peace and living in a place where only happiness existed. The significance of the photo lies in the fact that the beginnings of the summer in 1967 were positive and optimism would flow freely whereas the end of the summer would reach a depressive and a state of distress.

Holmes, Robert. Haight-Ashbury Intersection. 1994. corbisimages.com, San Francisco, California, USA. Web. 20 Feb 2013. The image of the cross-streets gives a nice touch as to the actual location of where the movement took place. The image provides the viewer the one place where 75,000 participants traveled to simply for the possibility of creating a better world. This is helpful in giving the viewer an understanding of the limitations the hippies were under and how powerful the movement really was.

Mouse, Stanley. "Smithsonian.com." Smithsonian Magazine. The Bindweed Press, n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013.

The poster of the Gathering of Tribes for the Human Be-In develop the senses of the culture surrounding the 1960s. The poster helps in providing my website with more visual images of the types of advertisements that were created and the forms of art popular during the late 1960s.

"Nancy Reagan: quote on drug abuse." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. "Today, there is a drug and alcohol abuse epidemic in this country. And no one is safe from itnot you, not me and certainly not our children, because this epidemic has their names written on it." Reagan speaks specifically of the heavy drug use during the Summer of Love and places throughout the country. She refers to the hippies as the their names written on it, blaming them for the exposure of inappropriate material to children. The drug and alcohol abuse, as Nancy implies, will be the reason safety is no longer guaranteed to the American people. The quote helps an individual understand the strong resentment of Americans living in the typical commercialized form of lifestyle felt towards the young people who believed in individualism and anti-materialism.

"Rally poster commemorating Kent State." Image. Library of Congress. American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. The poster is advertising for the dates of protest against the shootings in Vietnam and to promote antiwar and antiracism at the specific universities. The poster has a significant role to display the strength of young people going out to march and protest for their beliefs. In thinking there would not be anything more to protest as most everyone was given equal rights such as

women, African Americans, and the minorities would be proven wrong with the rally poster commemorating Kent State. The rally poster helps one to understand the extent students would take to protest the war and to show the results of beliefs that the Summer of Love displayed.

Streshinksky, Ted. Dr. David Smith Talking With Two Volunteers. 1975. corbisimages.com, San Francisco, California, USA. Web. 20 Feb 2013. The image provided is of a doctor speaking with two volunteer and a sign in the image shows Free Clinic. The condition of the sign radiates mediocrity and lack of efficiency in the workplace. The clinic consists only features that have been donated in which helps to demonstrate in my website the lack of potential in a long-term Free Clinic.

Streshinksky, Ted. Haight-Ashbury Police Runaways Bulletin Board. 1967. corbisimages.com, San Francisco, California, USA. Web. 20 Feb 2013. The image of a bulletin board full of runaways describes the amount of teenagers risking their safety for the ideas and values of a movement focused on love and peace. This image is a powerful saying in that with a movement so devoted to delivering peace into the world, there had been a slight possibility in achieving the goal. The image helps for my website to show viewers the point in time where the Summer of Love had shown potential to reach further beyond the city.

Streshinksky, Ted. Sorting Medicine Donations at Haight Ashbury Clinic. 1967. corbisimages.com, San Francisco, California, USA. Web. 20 Feb 2013.

The image provided is of a group of people sorting medicine that had been donated to the free clinic. With this image provides the ideas of the young people in that they believed when life is free, the world is better. The image is helpful for my website to demonstrate both the ideas of the young people and the delegation into putting those ideas into action.

Streshinksky, Ted. Three People Sitting on Pads on the Floor. 1966. corbisimages.com, San Francisco, California, USA. Web. 20 Feb 2013. The image provided is of three young hippies smoking inside an apartment. The image also is an exact representation of the life the young people were driving to. With this source helps to define the living standards when participating in the counterculture.

Streshinksky, Ted. Volunteers at Haight Ashbury Free Clinic. 1967. corbisimages.com, San Francisco, California, USA. Web. 20 Feb 2013. The image is of volunteers at the Free Clinic helping to provide patients with the correct care. However, the image also demonstrates the lack of sanitation and the lack of professionalism. The image perfectly demonstrates the lack of control and the need of order during the counterculture in areas such as the clinic.

Streshinksky, Ted. Volunteers Carry Man With Drug Overdose on Stretcher. 1975. corbisimages.com, San Francisco, California, USA. Web. 20 Feb 2013.

The image shows a man who overdosed on drugs and is being carried away by volunteers. The image shows the ending results of the Summer of Love and the decline of the movement. This image helps to conclude the counterculture that was excited to begin with only to be seriously detrimental in the end.

"Timothy Leary." Image. UPI. American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 8 Dec. 2012. The image of Timothy Leary portrays an old, clean shaven, and a normal looking man. He does not portray the typical look of a hippie showing the deterioration of beliefs. Although Timothy Leary had been a man with a significant role of leadership during the Summer of Love, he, like many others, conformed to society and did most of what they were against. Getting jobs was not the objective of the utopic society they so longed for; however, all that were in support for the Summer of Love eventually would follow society in earning jobs, money, and a living. The image itself is helpful in understanding that despite the strength of a leaders perspective may be, perception is prone to change when being the minority of a nation.

(Timothy Leary on Mind Expansion. 2013. The History Channel website. Mar 12 2013 9:04 http://www.history.comhttp://www.history.com/speeches/timothy-leary-on-mindexpansion.) The source provides a first-hand experience of hearing the thoughts expressed by the leader, Timothy Leary and not only gives the viewer a taste of what followers believed in, but the philosophy that was themed in the 1960s. The audio clipping is helpful to provide viewers of the website of the tone, attitude, and goals of Leary during the Summer of Love.

"Timothy Leary: quote on LSD." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 8 Dec. 2012. "Turn on, tune in and drop out." Learys famous quote traveled throughout the city of San Francisco to embody the message of listening up, believing in the hippies beliefs, and dropping out of college. Going to school, getting a job, and raising a family based on the salary of that job was the exact opposite of the young peoples objective in life. Life to the young people was not to live a routine life in which events are timed and set accordingly. The quote is helpful in research to understand the motto of the young people, the motto that held together as a glue for the hippies.

"Victoria Woodhull: quote on love." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. Woodhulls quote on love provides the viewers of what the young people during the counterculture would support. The idea of giving love and receiving love to anyone that they desired captures the values of most of the young people during the Summer of Love. When wanting such a thing like sex, the quote delivers the message to say that there should not be a problem in receiving it.

SECONDARY SOURCES "Allen Ginsberg." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. The article helps an individual understand the source of where the young people of Summer of Love would derive their beliefs. The Beat generation believed in a more uniformed style that the hippies would generate. The Beats would see life to be less about greed and materialistic things in which the hippies would as well; however, the incorporation of LSD and free loving would be fused into the ideas of the Beats. The Beat generation looked to poetry as a medium of expression. Allen Ginsbergs poem, Howl, describes well of the greed and madness individuals will undergo while searching for the happiness in money. Beats would subject themselves to voluntary poverty resulting them to find happiness in things other than materialistic things.

"antiwar movement." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. The ideas that merged into the 1960s including a society excluding the excessive things in life in which do not provide happiness, but greed would soon be taken into consideration by the people of America which would drive for the antiwar movement. The impact of ideas during the Summer of Love would be seen as people would begin considering a world without war, and lived in peace. The article helps an individual understand the significant change in thinking of Americans after the Summer of Love despite the falling out during the end where drug abuse, illness, and morose would thrive in the Summer of Love. The antiwar movement would prove to be a resulting change in Americans minds as the militarism would not strike all of the Americans hearts like before.

Ask Steve: Drugs. 2013. The History Channel website. Mar 14 2013, 10:13 http://www.history.comhttp://www.history.com/video/ask-steve-drugs. The short video has Steve explain the impact of drugs in the 1960s. The video helps to give viewers of a short and concise definition for the reasons young people may have decided to use drugs. The video is also helpful since it is a modern analysis of the 1960s giving the subject a stronger viewpoint. Discussed in this source, drugs were generalized as for the whole decade of the 1960s and the impact of drugs as a reason for rebellion in young people.

Baers, Michael. "Haight-Ashbury." St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture. Ed. Sara Pendergast and Tom Pendergast. Vol. 2. Detroit: St. James Press, 2000. 336-338. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. Through this article is described the overview of the Summer of Love which includes the details of the events occurring during the social phenomenon. The beginnings of Summer of Love were comprised of intentions towards world peace in which would later result in the end of the summer where the intentions of most of the Summer of Love participants were towards hard drugs. No longer had the original idea been the prominent theme; the vigor of the social activist event fell within a short period of time. The uses of drugs grew increasingly heavier than they had been at the beginning of the summer, sexually transmitted diseases were growing in numbers due to the free love, and the overall health of thousands became at risk as free clinics became the central hospital for all hippies.

"Beats." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 8 Dec. 2012. The article describes the definition of beatniks which is an important term during the 1960s because it is the beginning of young people who believe in the rejection of the normal American society values. The article speaks of specific ideas beatniks would reject such as consumerism and militarism. An individual is helped to understand the ideas of which the youth during the Summer of Love were under and where the form of drugs, embracement of spirituality and equality of all people come about.

Berg, Timothy. "Haight-Ashbury." Bowling, Beatniks, and Bell-Bottoms: Pop Culture of 20thCentury America. Ed. Sara Pendergast and Tom Pendergast. Vol. 4: 1960s-1970s. Detroit: UXL, 2002. 929-931. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. Timothy Berg describes the goal of the Summer of Love and the counterculture that was to effect the thinking of young people developing a new generation of love and peace. The counterculture would draw in people that would not follow the mainstream lifestyle of their peers, the outcasts. People who would distance themselves from the typical thinking of young people would find themselves belonging in the headquarters of Haight-Ashbury. The music scene would be of a new genre where drugs were heavily used to influence the sound and style. The article helps to describe the Summer of Love in terms of its innocence and the simple goal the young people were longing to achieve rather the harsh decline and drug abuse the young people would not have control over later on.

Berg, Timothy. "Woodstock." Bowling, Beatniks, and Bell-Bottoms: Pop Culture of 20thCentury America. Ed. Sara Pendergast and Tom Pendergast. Vol. 4: 1960s-1970s. Detroit: UXL, 2002. 862-864. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. The impact of Woodstock is an important factor in the Summer of Love. The large gathering of people at Woodstock would prove that people could live in harmony and achieve a world where violence would not exist. The gathering was peaceful and spirits were high as all people enjoyed the music and company of those that shared the same music. Young people would discover the possibility of always living in harmony rather than having to endure a world of violence and resent. The article is helpful in understanding another reason in the stability that young people believe the Summer of Love would have. The gathering at Woodstock would show the generation a possible way of living in peaceful conditions.

Chepesiuk, Ron. "Hippies." The Sixties in America. Ed. Carl Singleton. 3 vols. Salem Press 1999. Salem History Web. 08 Dec. 2012. The article is informative in outlining the major highlights of the Summer of Love including the culture of the young hippies, the beliefs, the climax, and the decline. The article also describes the impact of the Summer of Love despite the downfall it would lead to after the young people would find themselves lost in the original objective and young people only coming for the drugs available. With this, a person can understand the attention the Summer of Love attracted and convincing young people have on a generation despite if the ideas would not be stable.

"Drug Enforcement Administration." Image. PhotoDisc, Inc. American History. ABCCLIO, 2013. Web. 19 Feb. 2013.

The image of the marijuana provides visitors of the website what the young people of the counterculture were exposed to and the look of what plant provides an enhancement in the human mind. The image helps my website in that the image gives an exact vision of where the drug originates from.

"drug policy." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. The article discussing drug policy enlists the weak law enforcement on drugs during the 1960s when drugs were being heavily used, especially during the Summer of Love. Drugs are characterized as legal when prescribed under medical orders, and taken in the orders of the doctor. Illegal drugs can be smoked, eaten, inhaled, or injected and are usually classified by the effects they have throughout the body. With LSD, the brain is the affected target of the body in which can cause hallucinations and was a treatment for alcoholics. Although new laws were put into order during the 1960s to ban the use of drugs, the drug trade was too large for law enforcement to keep up. The article helps to describe the ease of drugs being traded and abused during the Summer of Love when having a weak law enforcement.

Feffer, Loren Butler. "LSD." Dictionary of American History. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. 3rd ed. Vol. 5. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003. 169. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 19 Feb. 2013. The article provides a closer look into LSD and the effects, negative and positive, it has on the human brain. The article also provided images useful in describing the perception of users under the influence of LSD helping my website to look less typical and more eccentric.

"Grateful Dead." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. Given the band, Grateful Dead, the article provides information towards the bands purpose. The article becomes helpful for my website in reason the article gives facts about the band in which can be placed onto my website.

"Grateful Dead." World Cultural Leaders of the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries. Jennifer Durham Bass. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. Millerton, NY: Grey House Publishing, 2007. 409412. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. The Grateful Dead was one of the first psychedelic bands that merged in the 1960s where there music had been heavily influenced through the use of drugs. Concerts would be held including the Grateful Dead gathering young people of the hippie generation. They provided a significant role in the Summer of Love being a part of the culture movement in which the gatherings of large groups of people would be the theme of the Summer of Love. Gathered together by music, hippies would use the music that bands such as The Grateful Dead would bring stability to the counterculture. The importance within this article lies in that The Grateful

Dead would be the source which would bring the large crowds of hippies into a peaceful gathering

Gtz, Ignacio L. "Communes." The Sixties in America. Ed. Carl Singleton. 3 vols. Salem Press, 1999. Salem History Web. 16 Dec. 2012. The article describes the definition of communes and the history of communes. Communes during the Summer of Love thrived tremendously as the idea of living for free would be a highlighted belief in the young hippies. Together, young people would live with each other in places that are usually crowded for free. Hippies would be placed with strangers whod later become like siblings due to the force that occurs when living in crowded conditions. Runaways would be given a place to sleep on the day of arrival in reason to the care and how welcoming the hippies had been. Food would also be supplied from people that would cook all they had, grocery stores that did not sell the products because it was rejected for appearance and the food would be served on the streets for hundreds to consume. Sanitation had not been a large issue the hippies were concerned with and in being sick would only result in hippies to visit the free clinic. The article is helpful in understanding the level of poverty that hippies would endure while also still achieving happiness. The goal was to show the world life without money would not be difficult so long as everyone will cooperate with one another.

"Hippies and the Counterculture, 1960-1969 (Overview)." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 8 Dec. 2012. The article provides information towards the objectives of the young people during the 1960s, the types of culture such as fashion, music, and literature the young people were

interested in. American History highlights the major points of the Summer of Love including the total number of participants, undercover policemen, journalists seeking for new headlines, and tourists exposed to unusual activities occurring in San Francisco.

History Rocks: Summer of Love. 2013. The History Channel website. Feb 14 2013, 10:20 http://www.history.com/http://www.history.com/videos/history-rocks-summer-of-love. The video of the Summer of Love provides a generalization of the lifestyle of the hippies and the facts concerning the actual movement including the total number of participants. Having a video is helpful on a website to promote interaction while visiting the website.

"Is Marijuana Use Really Harmful?" Marijuana. Ed. William Goodwin. San Diego: Lucent Books, 2002. 25-39. Drug Education Library. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. The article provided delivers a closer look into the drug Marijuana. The article also provides an image of hippies in the 1970s having their typical joint and enjoying the effects of marijuana. The article is helpful in that it gives the typical activities hippies would partake in day to day and presents to the reader a time where smoking hadnt been out of the norm.

"Jack Kerouac." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. While Allen Ginsberg was the poet for the Beat generation, Jack Kerouac was the novelist for the Beats. Jack spoke for the young generation that was unhappy with the government and urged the generation to understand that the pursuit for wealth was not the objective of life. Life was to be served under the happiness found in nature, and societys beatness was to be ignored rather than embraced. Jacks mother was the supporting foundation for Jack for much of his entire life. Jacks beliefs would be the backbone to the beliefs seen in the Summer of Love. As Jack and Allen mold their beliefs into a single idea, a new culture arises as more young people are attracted to the ideas. The Summer of Love would take these ideas and create the utopic society that the ideas were leading to.

"LSD." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 19 Feb. 2013. With this article, LSD is explained bluntly. Having the short article provides my website with the simple piece of information needed to understand the reasons why the young people would take LSD.

"Peter, Paul and Mary." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 19 Feb. 2013. The band is an important piece to the Summer of Love in the idea that music was the cornerstone of the movement. Music was an easy way to deliver messages discussing antimaterialism and anti-authoritarianism in society. With this article, provided is the purpose of the band and the end result of bands that did participate in the Summer of Love.

"sexual revolution." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. The given definition of the sexual revolution helps to provide information upon the rise of birth control and the weakening of traditional values. In mentioning the sexual revolution during the Summer of Love provides my website more validitiy in information due to the STDs later becoming a conflict of the 1970s.

"Social Liberation and Challenging Traditional Lifeways." Social History of the United States. Ed. Daniel J. Walkowitz and Daniel E. Bender. Vol. 8: The 1970s. Santa Barbara,

CA: ABC-CLIO, 2009. 161- 171. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 19 Feb. 2013. The article discusses the lifestyles in which the counterculture were introducing to the public during the movement. In exposing these lifestyles, tradition was challenged and people were not living with the same values as their neighbors. The article helps to provide information regarding the conflict that rose during the counterculture movement and the results of challenging everyday tradition.

Summer of Love. Dir. Gail Dolgin. PBS, 2007. DVD. The documentary includes interviews of participants of the Summer of Love, recordings taken during the social phenomenon, and an inside look as to how communal living, spiritual gatherings, and the lifestyle of a hippie would function throughout a day. By being able to view actual recordings of the young people and to hear their views helps an individual to understand the compassion of the young people and the strength of their beliefs despite if they had been

under the influence of LSD. The documentary provides the entire concept of the Summer of Love including the climax of the event to the downhill of the social phenomenon.

"Timothy Leary." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 8 Dec. 2012. The article describes how Leary was crowned as one of the famous leaders of the Summer of Love. However, it leads to interesting information about Leary and his life before becoming a prosperous leader of a social movement. Having background information on a leader can help to recognize the strength of beliefs and how persuasive a movement can alter your perspective.