Create Part

Name : Hinge-hole 3D Defomable body Solid Extrusion Approximate size:0.2

Select the tool rectangle Sketch an arbitrary rectangle Dimension top and left edge 0.04 Done Edit base extrusion Depth = 0.04 Add the flange at the base future Create solid extrude Select one face (XY plane) then select the extreme right edge to position the part correctly in the sketcher

Use connected lines tool . Sketch the rectangular part of the flange by drawing 3 lines

Use the constrain tool Constrain the bottom and the top lines so that each is horizontal Put equal length Dimension one line to be 0.02 Add semi-circular arc using 3 point Create arc thru 3 pt Select the two vertices at the open end of the rectangle as the endpoints of the arc, starting with the top one. Select any point to the right of the sketch as a point that lies on the arc. Define tangent constraints between the ends of the arc and the horizontal lines to refine the sketch

Select the center-perimeter circle tool to sketch the flange hole Create circle centre and perimeter place the centre of the circle at the centre of the arc Apply concentric constraint between the 2 Dimension he circle R=0.01 Done Edit Extrusion tool box Type : blind Depth: 0.02 Choose the right direction for the extrusion Keep internal boundaries OK

Edit the solid extrusion 2 then change the radius from 0.01 to 0.012 Regenerate the solid Creating a hole in the flange

Create the sketch plan Tools Datum create datum Type: point Enter parameter Select the curved edge Enter 0.75 as the normalized edge parameter or 0.25 as the normalized edge parameter if the arrow points in the opposite direction.

Create a datum axis that will define the normal to the datum plane Choose the Axis datum type Choose the 2 point method Choose the point at the centre of the hole and the datum point at the curved edge Create a datum plan normal to the datum axis Choose the Plane datum type Then click on point and normal Select the datum point on the curved edge Then select the datum axis Sketching the lubrication hole Tools Type = point Method = Enter parameter Select the second curved edge then enter 0.75/0.25 as the normalized edge parameter. Datum tool box Type = point Method = Midway between 2 points Then select the first point on the first curved edge and the second point on the second curved edge. Select Shape cut extrude Click the boundary of the datum plane to select it as the plane on which to sketch Select the top rear edge of the cube as the edge that will appear vertical and on the right side of the sketch Datum

Select the circle tool Select the datum point on the center of the flange to indicate the center of the circle Select any other point, and click mouse button 1 Add dimension r =0.003 Done Edit cut extrusion select up to face OK Choose the cylindrical inner surface OK Create material Name: steel Mechanical Elasticity E=209e9, nu = 0.3 OK Name : Solid section Solid Homogeneous drag a rectangle to select all the part Done Choose solidsection OK

Elastic

Create section

Assign section

Creating and modifying the second hinge part In the Model Tree, click mouse button 3 on Hingehole underneath the Parts container and select Copy from the menu that appears. In the text box in the Part Copy dialog box, type Hingesolid, and click OK.

Now you will create a solid hinge piece by deleting the features that form the lubrication hole. In the Model Tree, double-click Hingesolid underneath the Parts container to make it current. Expand the Features container underneath Hingesolid. Click mouse button 3 on Datum pt-1 in the list of part features. Select Delete Creating the pin Create Part Name = pin Modeling space = 3D Type = Analytical rigid Base Feature = Revolved shell Approximate size = 0.2 Continue Select the connected lines tool . Sketch a vertical line to the right of the axis. Dimension from the vertical line to the axis = 0.012 Dimension the vertical length of the line = 0.06. Click mouse button 2 to exit the Sketcher. Assigning the rigid body reference point From the main menu bar, select Tools Reference Point. Select one of the vertices on the circumference of the pin. Assembling the model. Creating instances of your parts To create an instance of the hinge piece with the lubrication hole: Create instance Parts = select hingehole Apply

Note: The default position of a part instance is such that the origin and the X- and Y-axes of the sketch of the base feature align with the origin and the X- and Y-axes of the global coordinate system. For example, the base feature of the hinge piece is the original cube you created.

To create an instance of the hinge piece without the lubrication hole: Create instance Parts = select hingesolid Toggle Auto-offset from other instances. OK To position the solid hinge piece: First, constrain the solid hinge piece so that the two flanges face each other. From the main menu bar, select Constraint Face to Face. Select the face of the movable hinge first Select the face of the fixed hinge Check the direction of the arrows, then validate by OK Type the clearance 0.04 in the prompt area (distance that will remain between 2 parts), then validate.

Select Constraint Coaxial. Select the flange hole on the movable part (hinge without hole) Select the flange hole on the fixed part Check the direction of the arrows Click OK

Select Constraint Edge to Edge. Select straight edge on the movable instance Select the corresponding edge on the solid hinge piece (fixed instance)

To position the pin: Instance part Create instance = pin toggle off Auto-offset from other instances ok Create constraints coaxial Select the pin Select the flange as the cylindrical surface of the fixed instance

Determining the position of the pin Measure the distance between the top of the pin and the top of the flange hole Tools Query Distance Select 2 points as shown below

To position the pin symmetrically

Instance Translate. Select the pin then click Done Enter in the prompt area the first point of the translation vector (0, 0, 0) Enter the second point of the translation vector (0, 0, 0.02)

Convert all position constraints to absolute positions. Instance Convert Constraints. Select all part instances, and click Done in the prompt area.

Defining the steps analysis

In the initial step you apply boundary conditions to regions of the model and define contact between regions of the model. In the first general analysis step you allow contact to become established. In the second general analysis step you modify two of the boundary conditions applied to the model and apply a pressure load to one of the hinge pieces. Name = contact Static general Continue Description = establish contact Incrementation = 0.1 (for the initial increment size) ok

Create step

Create step

Name = load Static general Continue Description = pressure Incrementation = 0.1 (for the initial increment size) ok

Requesting output
The default field output variables for the Contact and Load steps include the following: S (Stress components) PE (Plastic strain components) PEEQ (Equivalent plastic strain) PEMAG (Plastic strain magnitude) LE (Logarithmic strain components) U (Translations and rotations) RF (Reaction forces and moments) CF (Concentrated forces and moments) CSTRESS (Contact stresses) CDISP (Contact displacements) Field output request manager contact step Edit Frequency = last increment Ok Set the output frequency to 1 to generate

Load step output during every increment of the step. OK Dismiss

Selecting a degree of freedom to monitor In this example you will define a node set consisting of a single node. You will then be able to monitor the results for one degree of freedom at that node when you submit your job for analysis later in this tutorial. To create a set and monitor a particular degree of freedom: Tools Name = monitor Continue Select the vertex of the solid hinge piece shown below sets create

Click Done Output DOF Monitor = Toggle on Monitor a degree of freedom throughout the analysis Region = Edit, then then click Points in the prompt area and choose the node set Monitor. Degree of freedom = 1 Creating surfaces to use in contact interactions You will define the following surfaces: A surface named Pin that includes the outside surface of the pin. Two surfaces named Flange-h and Flange-s that include the two flange faces that contact each other. Two surfaces named Inside-h and Inside-s that include the inside surfaces of the flanges that contact the pin. Defining a surface on the pin To display only a single part instance in the assembly: View Assembly Display Options. Instance tab Click visible or not visible to the part to the instance to be shown or not Apply / OK Tools surface Name = Pin Continue

Select the surface to be in contact with the hinge holes OK Defining the surfaces on the hinge part Display the part hingehole Tools surface Name = flange-h Continue Select the surface as shown below OK Name = inside-h Continue Select the surface as shown below OK

Tools

surface

Defining the surfaces on the hinge part (without hole) Display the part hingehole Tools surface Name = flange-s Continue Select the surface as shown above OK Name = inside-s Continue Select the surface as shown above OK

Tools

surface

Defining contact between regions of the model You will define the following interactions: An interaction called HingePin-hole that defines the contact between the part instance Hinge-hole-1 and the pin. An interaction called HingePin-solid that defines the contact between the part instance Hinge-solid-1 and the pin. An interaction called Flanges that defines the contact between the two flanges. Creating an interaction property Create interaction property Name =Nofric Type = contact Continue Mechanical Tangential behavior OK

Frictionless

Creating an interaction property Find contact pairs click on find contact pairs 5 contact are identified Identify the contact pair between the hinge with the hole and the pin. Rename the interaction HingePin-hole. Identify the contact pair between the solid hinge and the pin. Rename the interaction HingePin-solid. Identify the contact pair between the flanges of the hinges and rename the interaction Flanges Select the column heading labeled Discretization and click mouse button 3. From the menu that appears, select Edit cells. In the dialog box that appears, select Node-tosurface and click OK. OK

Applying boundary conditions and loads to the assembly Create Boundary condition Name = Fixed Step = initial Category = Mechanical Type = displacement / rotation Select the rear face of the hinge-hole done Fix all the DOF OK Name = Noslip Step = initial

Create Boundary condition

Category = Mechanical Type = displacement / rotation Select the RP Fix all DOF when establishing the contact DOF 1 and 5 are unconstrained in load step done Fix all the DOF OK Create Boundary condition Name = Constraint Step = initial Category = Mechanical Type = displacement / rotation Select the 1 point on the solid hinge Fix all DOF when establishing the contact DOF 1 is unconstrained in load step done Fix all the DOF OK

Create load

Name = pressure Step = load Category = Mechanical Type = pressure Continue Select the rear face of hinge-solid Done Magnitude = -1E6

Meshing the assembly Deciding what needs to be partitioned When you enter the Mesh module, Abaqus/CAE color codes regions of the model according to the methods it will use to generate a mesh: Green indicates that a region can be meshed using structured methods. Yellow indicates that a region can be meshed using sweep methods. Orange indicates that a region cannot be meshed using the default element shape assignment (hexahedral) and must be partitioned further. Partitioning the Hinge hole part Tools Partition create partition Type = cell Method = define cutting plan Select the flange to be partitioned Done From the prompt area select 3 points Select 3 non-colinear points that cut the flange Done

Assigning mesh controls Assign Mesh Controls Select the whole part (hinge-hole) Done Element shape = HEX Technique = sweep Algorithm = medial axis OK

Repeat the same steps for the hinge-solid Assigning Abaqus element type Assign abaqus element type Select the entire part (hinge solid) Done Standard Linear 3D stress Linear HEX element Reduced integration OK Done Repeat the same steps for the hinge-hole

Seeding the part instances Seed part approximate global element size =0.004 OK Repeat the same steps for the hinge-hole Meshing the assembly Mesh part OK Repeat the same steps for the hinge-hole Creating and submitting a job Job Module Job Manager create Name = Hinge Continue OK Submit