CONJUNCTIONAL ADVERBS Zarflar, fiilin nasl yapldn belirtirler ve dolaysyla fiilleri nitelerler.

Ayrca, sfatlar ve yine baz zarflar niteleyen zarflarda vardr. Burada, daha ziyade cmleleri balamakta kullanlan ve kendi kendilerine anlamlar olan zarflar ele alnacaktr. Bu zarflar asla cmle banda kullanlmazlar.lk cmle yazlr ve nokta veya noktal virglle noktalandktan sonra ikinci cmlenin banda bu zarflar yer alr.kinci cmlenin banda bu zarflar kullanp yazdktan sonra mutlaka virgl koymak gerekir.Sadece Then ve Else den sonra virgl gelmez.Koyulan bu virglle zarf ikinci cmleden ayrrz.Oysa balalar kullanld cmleyle bir anlam kazanr.Balalarn anlam .........dnda veya ..........den dolay gibi yarm kalr ve kendinden sonra gelen cmle Trkede anlam olarak onlardan nce gelir ve anlam tamamlar.Zarflar ise tek bana bir anlamlar vardr. Bu yzden; aksi takdirde v.s ve tek bana kullanlrlar. Tek bir kelime halinde olduu gibi iki, kelime halinde beklemi grup halinde zarflarda olabilir. Bunlarda ayn kullanm kurallarna sahiptir. Zaman olarak ta ilk cmleyle ikinci cmle genelde uyuur. Ama uyumadnda grlr; bu durumda cmlelerde olayn zamann bildiren bir zaman zarf kullanlr. Balacn kullanld cmleye yan cmle denildii halde zarf ile kullanlan cmleye yan cmle denmez ve yan cmle gibi muamele grmez. Zarflarn grevi, ilk cmleye ve kendi anlamlarna gre ikinci cmleyi ilk cmleyle badatrmaktr. Bu zarflar ikinci cmleye And balac ile de balanabilir ve bu durumda ilk cmlenin sonunda nokta veya noktal virgl kullanlmaz.

ADVERBS OF CONTRAST
HOWEVER :bununla beraber;yinede She felt ill yesterday morning. However, she went to work. My city is very small; however, it is very lovely.

NEVERTHELESS :yinede;ancak,bununla beraber;ama. There was no news about them; nevertheless, we went on hoping. He often breaks my heart. Nevertheless, I always try to be kind. NONETHELESS : yinede;ancak,bununla beraber;fakat There is a heavy rain outside; nonetheless, we will go out. I cannot follow your advice: Nonetheless, thank you for your advice. STILL :buna ramen;yine de It is raining heavily; still, we must go out to look for her. He behaved you badly; still, you must help him. THOUGH :yine de (cmle sonunda kullanlr.) She promised to phone me. I heard nothing, though. It is hard to work there. I enjoy my work, though. ALL THE SAME :yine de;buna ramen. Erzurum is very cold in winters. All the same, I like that city. Nobody visited me when I was ill. All the same time, I will visit them. ON THE CONTRARY :tam tersine;aksine;bilakis. (Yeni bir sze tmyle kar kldnda,kabul edilmediinde) They say that it is very cold nowadays. On the contrary, it is hot. It does not seem ugly to me; on the contrary, I find it beautiful. IN CONTRAST :aksine;tam tersine;bilakis. (Her ikisi doru olan farkl iki gerei belirtirken) It was cold yesterday, but in contrast, it is hot today. You are very beautiful. In contrast, your sister is ugly. IN FACT :aslnda. Officially, he is in charge; in fact, his secretary does all the work. Nobody has seen him for a long time. In fact, he may have died. IN TRUTH :aslnda. He wants to commit suicide, but in truth, he loves life. Though he felt cold, I did not feel so. In truth, the weather was not cold.

AS A MATTER OF FACT :aslnda. I do not like him; as a matter of fact, I hate him. He is too old for the job. As a matter of fact, he is younger than I am.
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:aslnda. I do not mind. Indeed, I am pleased to help you. He has felt sorry; indeed, he has been badly disappointed. OTHERWISE :aksi takdirde;yoksa. You had better go now; otherwise, you will miss the rain. We must run as fast as possible; otherwise, we will be late for the school. OR ELSE :yoksa;aksi takdirde. She must pay 100; or else, she will be imprisoned. Hands up! Do not move! Or else I will kill you. WHEREAS :halbuki,oysa. Ali leads a poor life; whereas, his father is a rich man. He loves all his friends; whereas, most of rich friends hate him. IN THAT CASE :o halde; yleyse. You do not like your job; in that case why do you not leave it? She was talking about a party yesterday. In that case, she may be there. ON THE OTHER HAND :dier yandan. (sylenmi bir sze yeni ve baka,farkl bir ey eklerken) My job is not well paid; on the other hand, I do not have to work much Life is very expensive in Turkey; on the other hand, it is exciting. IN OTHER WORDS : bir baka deyile; yani. ( sylenmi bir sz, bir baka yolla, farkl bir ekilde anlatrken) You did not do well, enough in the exam. In other words, you failed. I do not think you are trustworthy; in other words, I do not trust you. CONTRARIWISE : aksine, dier yandan. He always gives permission; contrariwise, she never gives permission. I am huffy in daytime; contrariwise, I am unhappy at nights. IN SHORT : ksacas; uzun szn ksas. Things could not be worse, financially; in short, we are bankrupt. I love everybody around me. In short, I like all the people. CONVERSELY : buna karlk, te yandan. This story may damage my reputation. Conversely, I may be more popular. You have killed three men so far; conversely, one day you may be killed. THAT IS TO SAY : yani, demek ki, yle ki. He is a local government administrator; that is to say, he is a civil Servant. The fare is recluses for children, that is, for anyone under 15 NAMELY : yani.( namely den sonra cmle gelmez) Only one person can do this, namely you We visited two cities, namely Nines and Arles

INDEED

ADVERBS OF RESULT
THEREFORE : bu nedenle; bu yzden; bundan dolay. A sudden storm broke out yesterday. Therefore, we cancelled our picnic. I do not have enough money; therefore, I cannot buy a car. CONSEQUENTLY : sonu olarak; bu yzden. There was nothing to eat and consequently I went shuffling. My car broke down on the way to office. Consequently, I was late. ACCORDINGLY : bu nedenle; bundan dolay. Only I did not go to the meeting; accordingly, they dismissed me. It will be midnight some minutes later and accordingly I have to go to bed. HENCE : bu nedenle I had a terrible accident yesterday; hence, these bruises occurred. He is planning to go abroad-hence, he will have to spend some money. THATS WHY : bu yzden; bu nedenle; bunun iin. The air is very dirty in Erzurum. Thats why, it is difficult to breathe. I love my girlfriend; thats why, I will get married with her. FOR THIS REASON : bu nedenle; bundan dolay. It was very cold out. For this reason, I wore a pullover before going. Nobody visited me at hospital; for this reason, I was offended. THUS : bylece; bu yzden The new machines will work twice as fast and thus costs will reduce. The school will be over in June; thus, III be able to go abroad then. AS A RESULT : sonu olarak All the passengers got off the bus in Bursa; as a result, we drove faster. Aye did not study at all. As a result, she failed in class last year IN CONCLUSION : sonuta; sonu olarak. It rained all the day yesterday. In conclusion, we did not go out. Ali has a very good skill; in conclusion, he will be the best in his field. IN CONSEGUENCE : sonuta. Queen Victoria died in 1901. In consequence, her son replaced her Atatrk caught a terrible illness; in consequence, he died of it. AS A CONSEQUENCE : sonu olarak. Shakespeare wrote many great plays. As a consequence, he is still the best playwright of the world. ADVERBS OF ADDITION BESIDES : ayrca; stelik. This hotel is expensive. Besides, it is close to the main road. I like playing football. Besides, I watch the football matches. FURTHERMORE : bundan baka; ayrca.
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I donated E 100 to the floor. Furthermore, I sent medical supplies. We stayed home because it was cold. Furthermore, it was snowing yesterday. MOREOVER : bundan baka; ayrca; stelik. This firm work very well. Moreover, the cost was very lowly As they are willing, they always study. Moreover, they run after success. IN ADDITION : ayrca; ilaveten. Ali is a very good guitarist. In addition, he plays the piano well. I know English very well. In addition, I have a good French. WHATS MORE : ilaveten; ayrca. Germany is very modern and whats more, it is pioneer in some fields. My son is blonde. What is more, he has yellow-brown eyes. LIKE WISE : ayn ekilde I respect m friends. Likewise, they respect me. My wife really loves me; likewise, I love her to distraction. EQUALLY : ayn ekilde. English is not so easy to learn and equally, French is difficult, too. There was a thick layer of snow in Kars. Equally, there was here.

ADVERBS OF TIME
PREVIOUSLY : nceden; daha nce. Nobody had previously called at this city. I did not see him but previously, I had seen his sister. BEFOREHAND : daha nceden; evvelden. Please, let me know of your plans beforehand. I am now living in Erzurum. Beforehand, I used to live in Ankara AFTERWARDS : ondan sonra; daha sonra. Lets go to the theatre first and eat something afterwards. I saw my girlfriend off yesterday. Afterwards, I turned back home. LATER : daha sonra; sonra At first, she denied my invitation. Later, she accepted it. My sister promised to send me a good bike two years later. THEN : o zaman, o sralarda; daha sonra. If you ask her about me, you will understand then how much I love you. There was a big war in this town in 1968. I was still unmarried then. We had a week in Rome and then went to Paris AFTER THAT : ondan sonra. We are planning to call at my friends. After that, well visit the museums. She had killed her husband cruelly. After that, she was imprisoned.
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LATTERLY : yaknlarda; geenlerde; son zamanlard. I cannot manage to get in contact with him latterly. Latterly, I saw your niece walking with a boy. FORMERLY : eskiden; bir zamanlar. The company formerly belonged to an international banking group Ottoman empire was formerly the dominating power over Europe RECENTLY : yaknlarda; son gnlerde; geenlerde. I have only recently begun to learn French. I have not heard from them recently LATELY : geenlerde; son zamanlarda. We have been doing a lot of gardening lately. She has not been able to see her boy friend lately. PRESENTLY : birazdan; imdilerde; u sralarda. I think the doctor will be here presently. My father is building a new and big house presently. CURRENTLY : u anda; imdi; halihazrda Our chief is wirently spending time at gambling saloons. They are currently in Europe to invest in something.

SHORTLY

: az sonra; ksa bir sre iinde; birazdan. I am sure that my parents will be here shortly. I was surprised at seeing that he came shortly after he went. SOON : yaknda; birazdan; az sonra. You must fulfil all his orders and wishes as soon as possible. Although he had gone for a long interview, he soon came back. MEANWHILE : bu arada; bu sre iinde. They will be here soon. Meanwhile, I can drink a cup of coffee My parents went to Ankara last week. Meanwhile, I stayed home. IN THE MEANTIME : (iki olay) bu arada; bu esnada. She came here in June and left in July. In the meantime, she stayed near me. He will retire two months later. In the meantime, he will have a holiday. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES BECAUSE OF : den dolay We could not play football yesterday because of the rain She was sentenced to death penalty because of having killed a man. DUE TO : den dolay He is now sleepy due to not having slept enough last night. I cannot lead a financially good life due to the unstable prices.
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OWING TO

: den dolay Owing to a traffic accident, there was a traffic jam. It will be easy to teach her English owing to her willingness. BY RIGHT OF : den dolay She killed her cruelly by right of her hatred. Nobody has seen him recently by right of not being hereabouts. BY REASON OF : den dolay By reason of my friends, I was accustomed to drug My wife got angry with me by reason of the hair on my coat. ON ACCOUNT OF : den dolay The road was out of control and order on account of flooding. He is never in time on account of forgetting frequently. ON THE GROUND OF :.. den dolay On the ground of changes in climate, we have begun to feel suspicious. They are very successful on the ground of studying very hard. AS A RESULT OF : in sonucu olarak He is surrounded by many people as a result of his fame and wealth As a result of all my efforts, I finished the university in 3 years BY MEANS OF : in yznden; in sayesinde; araclyla Many students graduated from this university by means of may help You can solve all those problems by means of a helping-book. THANKS TO : in sayesinde; in yznden They always confess that they are now here thanks to their parents A good translation can be made thanks to a good dictionary IN VIEW OF : gz nne alarak In view of his youth, the judge has decided to acquit him of We are going to stay home all the day in view of the rain BY VIRTUE OF : den dolay; nedeniyle She is leaving the city by virtue of her parents attitude. By virtue of my authority, my students are fearful for me. ON BEHALF OF : in adna, in namna My husband cannot be here today, so I m going to speak on behalf of him. One of my students came to talk about lesson on behalf of all students IN COMMON WITH : ile benzer; ile ortaklaa In common with his friends, he wants to establish a company. Horses are fed with grass in common with all the other animals IN ACCORDANCE WITH : e gre; e uygun olarak I sold my car in accordance with your advice In accordance with their instructions, I will start the machine
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WITH RESPECT TO : ile ilgili olarak, hususunda With respect to your latest novel, I have not read it yes I have heard nothing important with respect to his personality. IN THE COURSE OF : in karsnda; e ramen How could he win the election in the face of such united opposition? In the face of great hardship, she managed to keep her control IN CHARGE OF : in sorumluluunda; le ykml I will be in charge of the whole factory as of next week. She has been in charge of tis scholl for a few yeras. IN CONSIDERATION OF : in karlnda; den dolay I paid a small amount of money in consideration of so much food. In consideration of being rich, he can buy whatever he likes to buy IN PLACE OF : in yerine I am coming with you today in place of my brother. In place of a documentary, I watched a TV serial last night. IN ADDITION TO : e ilaveten; e ek olarak In addition to my only son, a newly born child joined our family He needs money. In addition to money, he needs some help IN CASE OF : olmas halinde In case of an accident, apply to the first aid Do not go out for making sport in case of raining. INSTEAD OF : in yerine I married Filiz instead of Meryem though they both loved me.x She prefers to stay home instead of going out. FOR THE SAKE OF : in uruna Realist gave up imagination for the sake of realism. I do everything without twinkling an eye for the sake of my family IN THE NAME OF : in adna He is now speaking in a programme on TV in the name of prime Minister. While I am away, all my work is done by my son in the name of me. FROM THE ASPECT OF : in asndan This sentence is grammatically correct, but wrong from the aspect of meaning. I will study drama from the aspect of its content. WITH THE HOPE OF : umuduyla He has done anything he is told to do with the hope of promotion I am her now with the hope of seeing you FOR FEAR OF : korkusuyla We spoke in whispers for fear of waking the baby They told me to shut the windows before going out for fear of wind.
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AT THE EXPENSE OF : pahasnda He worked till midnights to earn more at the expense of his health. I helped the drowning boy in the lake at the expense of my life. AT THE RISK OF : pahasna; tehlikesine ramen At the risk of sounding ungrateful, I must refuse your offer He saved my life at the risk af losing his own. BY DINT OF : in yardmyla; sayesinde He denied that he did his homework by dint of the others We have had a good time by dint of you and your staff. IN RETURN FOR : karlnda In return for your kindness, I would like to give you this small present. They want to visit us in return for our visit. ON THE CHANCE OF : umuduyla; ihtimali ile We have decided to go there on the chance of finding him. They will leave for Istanbul on the chance of earning much money. TO THE POINT OF : derecesine varacak lde His manner was abrupt to the point of rudeness. His happiness was great to the point of craziness. IN THE TEETH OF : gctne ramen; muhalefetine ramen The government became successful in the teeth of the opposition We managed to do our duty in the teeth of others. THROUGH THE AGENCY OF : vasitasyla, araclyla I managed to graduate through the agency of my friends They could only contact me through the agency of my father IN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF : karl olarak They awarded me in acknowledgement of all my studies She became the best of her class in acknowledgement of her patience BY COURTESY OF : in izniyle; in sayesinde We were able to enter the school by courtesy of him. It is by courtesy of them that I was elected the Prime Minister. IN CONSEQUENCE OF : in sonucunda; den dolay They are late for the school in consequence of getting up late. In consequence of my hard studies, I became very successful IN WITH RELATION TO : hakknda He wrote a vast number of essays with relation to poetiy. I have not read anything with relation to Dostoyevski so far. ON THE OCCASION OF : esnasnda; annda I always cried on the occasion of her wedding ceremony. All of the students kept silence on the occasion of exam.

IN WITH RELATION TO : ile ilikili olarak I have nothing to say in with relation to your complaints. He gave us no clue in with relation to what we are supposed to do IN LIEU OF : in yerine; in karl bedeli olarak Would you accept cheque in lieu of cash? He paid 20 million liras in lieu of all his expenses. IN DEFIANCE OF : i hie sayarak He went on smoking in the class in defiance of my orders. They did not come to see me in defiance of the warnings OUT OF DEFERENCE TO : e uyarak, riayet ederek She immediately stopped smoking out of deference to the rules. They put their coats off out of deference to our warnings. IN TOKEN OF : in iareti olarak Please, accept this in token of affection for you. She smiled all the day in token of her happiness. UNDER THE AUSPICES OF : nin yardm ve desteiyle We managed to gain our independence under the auspices of them. Their aim is to be able to live under the auspices of nobody.

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