Spider features

Spider classification Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Urinamia Class: Hexapoda (insects) Diplopoda (millipedes) Chilopoda (centipedes) Symphyla

Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida (spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, whip scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen) Pycnogonida (sea spiders) Merostomata (horseshoe crabs)

Subphylum: Crustacea Class: Decapoda (crayfish, crabs, shrimps, lobster) Cirripedia (barnacles) Amphipoda

Isopoda Copepoda Cladocera (water fleas) Ostrocoda (seed shrimps)

The English word spider comes from the old English Spithra for spinner.

Appearance

Size ranges from 0.5 to about 90 mm (0.023.5 inches). The body is divided into 2 parts, the cephalothorax (prosoma) and the abdomen (opisthosoma). 8 legs. The exoskeleton of spiders is composed of a tough material called cuticle.

Anatomy

Strange shapes and colors that helps spiders to: Deceive prey Ambush prey Capture particular type of prey Escape predators Attract mates

Molting

The most critical period for spiders is the molting phase when they are soft bodied and entirely defenseless against predators. Although it prefers to shed its skin at night when it seems rather safe, it is yet very vulnerable as it hangs from a thin thread in mid-air unable to move till its cuticle hardens. Some confine themselves into a burrow, a curled leaf or under bark.

Spider silk

Very strong. Its tensile strength is comparable to that of high-grade steel. Uses: Build webs Line burrows Wrap up prey To suspend themselves (for predation or escape)

Sensory organs

Visual stimuli Vibrations that alert them. Long fine hairs (trichobothria) on the legs that are able to sense disturbances in the environment and air currents. Sensitive to fine changes in temperature, both inside and outside their own bodies.

Reproduction

Array of courtship rituals

Male approached the females very cautiously lest he will be attacked or killed if the female thinks it to be a potential predator.

Male-Female relationship

Size difference Courtship Danger Attraction Escape Convincing Tarentula hispanica : Ill effects of unrequited love; (Phatak) Unrequited: Not reciprocated or returned in kind

Mode of attack

Lie in wait on their webs, trap the prey in the web then ambush followed by biting, wrapping in silk, immobilising and killing. Or active capturing by hunting, chasing and pursuing. Biting without the help of a web. Using a web and then biting. Using a web, biting and then wrapping. Using a web, wrapping first and then biting. Using a web and rotating while wrapping before biting.

Mode of defense

Behavioral maneuvers like direct threat displays of warning colors on their body or pretending to be dead by dropping down quickly from their thread line. Mimicry Disguising Feigning Become unnoticeable Camouflage Autotomy ability to amputate their leg when grabbed by a predator.

Behavior

Expressions in patients

Intense pace, speed, hyperactivity. Busy Quick and constant movement. Active wandering Patterned, rhythmic movement. Short life span Attention seeking Mischievious Attract Dance, music Colors, fluorescent

Sense vibrations Sensitive to temperature changes Webs Molting

Sexuality Male female ratio Males attract females Courtship rituals Female kills male after mating Size difference

Sudden, impulsive Sudden urges Short bursts Sudden death Sudden fear of death Impulsive violence Impulsive aggression

Type of attack/attacked feeling Caught and trapped

Burrowing Trapdoors Deceit, feign, pretence, disguise Camouflaging Cunning Hide Kill and hide Ambush Pursued/Pursue/Running Biting

S-small, speedy, sudden. P-pursued, paralyse, punish. I-irritable, impulsive, insane. D-deceit, destructive, death. E-excite, ensnare, escape. R-restless, rhythm, rage.

Fabricate Scam Swindle Con Cheat Trick

Possible human spider expressions

Fraud Forge Imitate Mimicry Pretend Feign Concoct Double-cross Sting Dupe Deceive Hoax Hoodwink Fake Impostor Impersonate Ensnare Trap Teasing Practical jokes Clowning Stand up comics

Snakes & Spider Differentiation

Snakes

Spiders

Scheming

Conspiracy, planning, plotting Trick, impulsive, sudden & in the act of revenge. temporary.

Remain always hidden (underground) and kill/fatal. Attack Venom or constrict.

Trick and trap. Ambush, sudden attack, trap, web.

Seductive Shameless Sexuality Syphilitic (kill, fatal) Tubercular (trap, and come out of trap) Overt attractiveness

Miasm Tortured Killed Perception Tremendous advantage Brutally victimised Need to hit back from a hidden position

Small Unequal Not equipped to hunt or make ones food Male-female relationship is tempting yet dangerous

Many versus one, for e.g. white vs black, majority vs minority

Need to attract female attention

Snake:

Few snake human expressions

Mafia/Underworld Terrorism War/Guerrila Warfare Espionage/Undercover Crime/Blackmail /Detection Politics Corporate Glamour Magic/Illusion

Suborder: Araneomorphae Homoeopathic remedies Aranea diadema: Papal cross spider Aranea ixabola: Cross spider

Aranea scinencia: Grey spider Tarentula hispanica: Spanish spider Latrodactus hasellti:Red back spider Latrodactus katipo: New Zealand spider Latrodactus mactans: Black widow spider Theridion: Orange spider Loxosceles reclusa: (Brown Recluse Spider) Tegenaria atrica

Generalised anatomy Chelicerae that point diagonally forward and cross in a pinching action, in contrast to the (Mygalomorpha, where they point straight down.) Chelicerae and fangs slope towards each other which give them many possibilities of biting. Pinching action-sideways and inwards.

Behavior Most commonly seen. Docile, non aggressive (Mygalomorphae are more aggressive and violent). Constant movement (Mygalomorphae are more confined and less mobile). Shorter lives than Mygalamorphae. Builds sticky webs.

Mode of attack

Hunting that involves extended pursuit. Trap prey in sticky webs.

Araneomorphae families Araneidae (orb-weaver spider) Lycosidae (wolf spider) Pholcidae (daddy long-legs spider) Salticidae (jumping spider) Sicariidae (recluse spider) Theridiidae (tangle web spider) Agelenidae (funnel web spider) Family: Araneidae (Orb weavers) Aranea diadema Aranea ixabola Aranea scinencia

Araneidae (orb-weaver spider) The spider gained its common name for its habit of resting in its web with its legs outstretched in the shape of an X, the traditional shape of the cross of St. Andrew.

Behavior Build spiral wheel shaped sticky webs. The Araneas make a perfect web, and are hiding. They lie in wait for the victim to come and get trapped in the web.

Spiders with various shapes, colors and camouflage systems. Weather is the worst enemy, especially drought and excessive rain. Orb weavers are very docile, harmless, non-aggressive spiders that will flee at the first sign of a threat (typically they will run or drop off the web). They are not dangerous. Many of them have a 'ferocious' appearance, with spines or large 'fangs', but they are almost invariably inoffensive, preferring to drop on a dragline to the ground when disturbed, rather than bite. There are both diurnal (day) and nocturnal (night) species. The diurnal groups continually repair their webs, using them for a number of days. The web cannot be used indefinitely as it dries and loses its capture ability and insects will no longer stick to it. Nocturnal spiders, on the other hand, construct a new web every night and it is taken down at dawn and eaten. Stabilamenta a criss cross band of silk through the centre of the web stabilize strengthen the web make the web visible perhaps serving as a decoy for birds, to warn them away to reflect ultraviolet light thereby deceiving and attracting insects and a lure for prey camouflage.

Araneidae web The web is not constructed vertically, as it may appear, but is tilted somewhat. With fast and careful footwork the spider hangs on the underside of the web and gravity, thus keeps its body away from the sticky threads, making it easier to move about safely and avoids its own trap. The ends of a spiders legs have hooks, toothed claws and bristles that help it hold onto the threads as it moves about the web. The completed web has a catching zone formed by a more or less continuous spiral of tacky thread that winds from the periphery toward the center. The spider stops short of the hub, and leaves a characteristic free zone between the sticky portion and the central, nonsticky hub where the spider can wait. Some species have only 3 sections of orb web. The spider, attached by a thread to vegetation, holds one thread from the tip of the center until an insect brushes the web; then the spider alternately releases and tightens the thread, and the struggling victim becomes completely entangled.

Reproduction The practice of the female spider eating the male after mating is comparatively rare among garden spiders. It has been found that male garden spiders often mate with several females, and more often die from starvation and exhaustion, since they spend little effort feeding while searching for females.

Mode of attack Lies in the web waiting for the prey to get trapped on the web. They detect the prey by vibrations in the silk through their legs when insects become trapped. Once the prey is caught on the sticky web the spider cautiously approaches it. Stuns the victim with a quick bite then wraps it in silk. Immobilizes it and kills it. The prey is then moved to the centre of the web and consumed.

Mode of defense Bite only if threatened and trapped without a chance for escape.

Predators Other spiders Several bird species Wasps. These wasps land on webs and lure spiders by imitating vibrations of a struggling insect. The wasp captures the spider and paralyzes it. Then, the wasp carries away the cross orbweaver and stores it as live food for wasp young!

Aranea diadema Common names: Papal cross spider

Generalised anatomy White cross pattern on its back. Two species of extreme coloration extreme pale or dark.

Behavior They spend much of their time at the centre of their circular webs. With its head down or in retreat.

Mode of defense These spiders remain in their webs day and night and gain some protection from bird attack by the presence of a 'barrier network' of threads on one or both sides of the orb web. When this species is threatened, it rapidly shakes itself and the web up and down, and may drop to the ground on a silk thread.

Excerpt from a case by Judyth Ullman Jack liked to play jokes and pranks and tended to take things too far. He didn't know when to stop, whether it was hiding his sister's toys or rigging traps for unsuspecting friends and relatives or "bad guys." When asked about himself, Jack said, "I like to ride my bike and play tricks. I like to hide. I like to ride on the jet ski with my dad. I don't want to trap bugs.

Most of all, Jack loved ropes. He carried a blue rope around with him everywhere. Bungee cords were also a favorite, as were vehicles and superheroes.

Phataks Materia medica Patient feels cold to the very bones, cannot get warm enough. There is abnormal susceptibility to damp and cold. Inability to live near fresh water, rivers, lakes etc. or in damp chilly places. It affects the nerves; causing neuralgic pains, which are violent and sudden and appear at the same hour every day, every other day, week, month or at regular periods. Sensation as OF ENORMOUS ENLARGEMENT; or numbness of parts worse on waking or he wakes with such a feeling. It is a haemorrhagic remedy. It affects bones, causing periostitis. Punctured wounds. Many symptoms appear on right side. Pains are like electric shocks. Great desire to lie down. Creeping as of ants all over the body.

Aranea ixabola (?gemma) Common names: Cross spider Sometimes called the "cat-face", "monkey-face" or "humpback" spider since it has a pattern of dark markings and raised areas on its back that seem face-like.

Behavior Unlike the Aranea diademe, A. gemma hides in dark corners at the edge of the web during the day. She remains in contact with the web via a "trap-line" thread that signals when insects have been ensnared.

Boedlers psychic causes Aranea ixoloba is a hurried remedy, nothing is finished quickly enough. Work is experienced as demanding, and there is the urge to move through it, while feeling driven, trembling, and restless. The hurried mind can hardly concentrate on mental labor. These patients have to make a great effort not to be rude or return unkindness when mistreated.

Julians new remedies Euphoric state, as if he had drunk wine, teasing disposition, and the need to speak, followed by melancholy, weariness of life; irritable. Has to make a great effort not be impolite or rude. Incapable of mental concentration, inattentive, wants to do nothing. Must make an effort to set to work. Need to move about, feels better in the fresh air. Inner disquiet and hastiness, nothing is finished quickly enough for him. Shaking, sensation of inner trembling, need to move about. Spasmodic contracture of the unstriped muscles (arterial congestion; spasms of the digestive passages), and of the striped muscles (cramps, tremors, clonic spasms). Overwhelming need to smoke. Amelioration from moving, in fresh air, bending backwards or stretching out, from expulsion of gas from above or below, from drinking coffee, and smoking cigarettes. Aggravation from rest, cold and alcohol in the morning. Indicated for excessive teasing, especially teasing and manipulating by acting cute; for those who act as a mischievous leader, inducing others to disobey; and for those who are fascinated with spiders.

Family: Lycosidae (Wolf spiders) Tarentula hispanica (Lycosa hispanica) Common names: Spanish spider

Lycosidae (Wolf spiders) Lycosa: pursues its prey as opposed to trapping in a web. Robust, agile hunters. Active, wandering. They do not use silk snares, but rely instead on keen eyesight, speed, and brute force to bring down prey. Run long distances without pausing. Keep moving and can run very fast. Restless activity. Attractive spiders, not hairy. Loner hunters. Hibernate during winter. Nocturnal. Most of them are wanderers without permanent homes. Some can be burrowers and make trap doors.

Reproduction The male is attracted by scent markings left by the female, often associated with her drag-line silk. Males perform a courtship ritual prior to mating. Complex courtship and unusual parental care.

Courtship rituals (species specific) Sounds (stridulation)

Vibrations (drumming on the substrate) Visual displays

Mode of attack Wolf spiders seem to be almost insensitive to prey until the very last moment when the lightning-quick attack is launched. Wolf spiders rush on prey, grab it with their front legs, and kill it with a deadly bite. Even flies can be taken with spectacular speed by apparently resting spiders. When it spies its prey, it does its work suddenly and violently - one sharp pounce on the neck of the victim and ganglia are severed paralysing or killing the victim. It strikes and disappears never holding on. Before the victim is able to turn around, the spider has vanished from sight into its hole so quickly, that the victim may turn round and find nothing and imagine that probably nothing has bitten him and that it was all imagination. They move very fast when in pursuit of prey.

Mode of defense Threat displays, but generally non aggressive.

Soul of Remedies Industrious Busy High energy Love for music, dancing and colours. Fear of being assaulted, injured, and of getting trapped. Feeling of unreciprocated love or affection.

To do with attractiveness. These include the wearing of bright-colored clothes, singing and dancing, Mischievousness, cunning, hysterical behaviour, lasciviousness, shamelessness, exposing himself and even threatening - all with the intention to attract attention. Haste - hurry and impulsiveness. Intense anxiety states and the fear of being trapped - attacks of suffocation, must have fresh air. The desire for music is a strong confirmation for Tarentula indeed it is mandatory to have it in a very high degree. This love for music can also extend to: "Whistling when passing urine", "Restlessness of extremities ameliorated by music" and "Stares at one place when listening to music" or "Irresistible urge to dancing". The kind of music that Tarentula likes is hard, fast and rythmic.

Kents Desire to run about, to dance and jump up and down. Great fantastic dancing. Sometimes music ameliorates all the symptoms and at other times it aggravates them. He becomes violently excited from music. Sensitive to cold.

Family: Theridiidae Latrodactus mactans Latrodactus hasellti Latrodactus katipo Theridion Theridiidae The Theridiidae make haphazard, littery webs which can be described as an intersecting mass of scaffold work. If an insect crawls against the thread it will break and the prey will hang in the air awaiting the attack of the spider. Although they are small of size they are violent attackers and do not fear to attack much larger insects than themselves.

Some species of live in the webs of larger spiders and eat prey caught by their host's web. They sometimes attack and eat the host.

Genus: Latrodactus (widow spiders) Highly poisonous. The black widow spider very frequently hangs upside down near the center of its web and waits there for insects to blunder in and get stuck. Then, before the insect can extricate itself, the spider rushes over to bite it and swathe it in a silken shroud. Poor eyesight. Depend on vibrations. Very difficult for them to walk when not on web. Paralyzing poison causing muscle spasms and tetanus like contraction.

Reproduction Male much smaller in size compared to female. Male eaten by the female after mating.

Mode of defense If the spider feels threatened it will normally let itself down to the ground on a safety line of silk just as fast as it can.

Latrodactus mactans Common names: Black widow spider

Behavior Only the female black widow is venomous. Males and juveniles are harmless. Neurotoxic venom. Adult males half or even smaller than the females. Make irregular webs in dark, protected crevices. Shy, nocturnal, usually hidden. These spiders hide during the day, and hang upside down in their webs at night. Intense male female differences. In size (male half or even smaller in size), In one eating the other. The male is attracted to and afraid of the female. He needs to get away very quickly after the act, lest he be eaten. The female is the aggressor.

Mode of attack The spider quickly attacks whatever touches its web, indiscriminately biting it, then waits for the prey to become paralyzed before sucking its juices out.

Mode of defense Although not aggressive, she may rush out and bite when her web is disturbed or when accidentally trapped in clothing or shoes. As a means of defense, the female hides in its web, belly upwards displaying her hourglass mark as a warning sign to the potential predators. As soon as it senses any kind of vibrations or danger, it pretends to be dead and hangs down from the web.

Case excerpts of a 17-year-old boy

Fears : Someone is behind me. Someone is walking behind me : More often fear that it is a female. FEAR ! Can't stand that lady. If I'm so scared of the way she is walking what must her face be like ! Can't imagine her face. Old woman with grey hair, glossy white sari, chewing tobacco. The worst thing would be if she spoke to me. Since I am so scared of her feet I would be just stunned ! No MOTIONS, EMOTIONS, FEELINGS ! Won't be able to move from fear ! Increased heart rate. When very angry would need to SEE BLOOD. WOULD CUT MY HAND and then would feel better. Till I saw blood would be ANGRY & ANGRY & ANGRY. LIKE BLACK COLOUR - wearing black clothes - TOTAL BLACK: FAVOURITE COLOUR. VERY HOT BATH ! SHIVERING HANDS WHEN TENSE.

Excerpts from a case by Bill Mann He wanted to trap me and get a hold of me Put me in a place where I cant do anything about it Men are little boys they want to feel special and loved, you do that for them, but you have a purpose in mind to leave them hanging and hurting. Play the man. Say I love you and not mean it. Its powerful to have them surrender to you. They are weak, needy. Fragile. You can step on them. Lure them in, capture them, use them and spit them up. Bring them in, seduce them. Tap into that which they didnt think they could do. Make him cross the line. Dream: Scary I have a hard time being separated from him sexually attracted to him yet have no feelings for him cold trying to warm up in a ball covered self in a ball. Something ran over my back feel the pressure of it crawling over me we are playing a game IT IS MY TURN---REVENGEMY TURN TO FEEL THAT POWER, --I DONT CARE----I AM NOT GOING TO FEEL BAD ABOUT THEM FEELING BAD. HATED MEN--MANIPULTEDTHEY GOT THEIR WAY-RAPE AND MOLESTED---THEY GOT AWAY WITH IT---I WAS GOING TO BE IN CONTROL. FIND THE WEAK SPOT AND GET THEM. I WILL DEVOUR THEM (MEN). EAT THEM PIECE BY PIECE.

Materia medica and reference works DEATH: AGONY BEFORE DEATH: SENSATION OF Fear: death, of: sudden, of Anguish Fear: suffocation, of Numbness from fright (Stunning effect of bite) --MASSIMO Sudden attack and sudden death = cutting himself, shoot at sight, aircraft being shot down. Skin - Cold as marble. A good remedy in angina pectoris. Desire for very hot bath Pain: cutting, sudden sharp pain. PAIN: TEARING: HEART, REGION OF.

Latrodactus hasellti Common names: Red back spider

Attractive spiders. Poisonous. Females deliver a painful bite.

The red-back spider is one of only two animals to date where the male has been found to actively assist the female in sexual cannibalism.

Reproduction Male Red back Spiders do not produce a web, but may be found on the fringe of a female's web. The male has to make overtures to the female to discover whether she is ready to mate, which can prove fatal if she mistakes him for prey. It has been found that in order to occupy the female's attention during mating, the male spider offers her his abdomen by standing on his head and 'somersaulting' his abdomen towards her mouthparts = male sexual sacrifice

'Deadly romance' - a homeopathic proving by Julia Twohig: I had a loose, putrid, black bowel movement, which smelt of decay and death. As if the devil, evil came out. I have never before experienced anything like this. It was most ugly. It was as if all the bad feelings about myself and all the bad things that I have done over my life passed. Mutilating the body I had a violent dream. I dreamt that I reopened an old wound on my forehead. I had originally received this wound during a jealous fist fight over a woman. I woke from my dream holding my penis and sleepily walked towards the door. I walked into the door and split my forehead open at the site of the original wound. I reopened the old scar. There was blood everywhere. Thoughts - violence of. Dancing - wild I had a rush of energy. In the middle of the night I woke suddenly in terror. I thought I could hear somebody whispering in the lounge, I then heard noises, creaks, down the hallway. With every noise my terror increased. I was paralysed with fear. My heart was in my mouth. I was hot. I had to stop myself from waking my husband and from yelling. As the terror passed I was able to turn over a few times, breathe deeply and fall asleep.

I became extremely angry and agitated while watching a television program, where a married man allowed himself to be seduced by another woman. I became uncontrollably upset, crying and angry. I was especially angry with the woman because she seduced the man.

Latrodactus katipo Common names: New Zealand spider

Not aggressive. Rarely bites. Good remedy for nettle rash.

Genus: Theridion Species: Theridion Common names: Orange spider

Reproduction The males of several species of this family need fear nothing from their females except their inability to satisfy them. Indeed the initial advance and excitation comes from the female and long after the male is exhausted she will try to excite him to further efforts. As Savory says, she is "quite insatiable. Case Her main feeling, which is that she gets so involved with the other person that she thinks for him, feels for him, and feels that she cannot exist without him. Fears: that someone will do her harm, molest or rape her. She talks often of attack and defense.

Loves dance, music Restlessness Colors have strong impression Desires sour, juicy fruits, mango, oranges. Startle from sudden noise. Violent cough so that they have to bend double, it jerks the knees up and the head downward.

Rubrics Anxiety, chest, heart region, of; Confusion, identity, of, sense of duality; Delusion, head separated from the body; Delusion, head belongs to another;

Soul of Remedies Very prominent in the Theridion woman seems to be the need to find a mate, because she feels that if she doesn't have a mate, she will have to face the danger of the outside world, which is too threatening. So there is a need to be attractive and a lot of hectic activity to find, attract and keep her mate. Music, dancing and colors are a part of this attractiveness, whereas fear and impulsive violence are a part of the threat. Besides the need for a partner, a peculiar feature of Theridion is that she seems to completely "dissolve" her identity into that of her partner thinking and seeing as her partner does, living completely through the eyes and mind of this other person. Hence, in the event of her partner leaving her, she feels a tremendous emptiness, and it takes time for her to know her real self again. Theridion has the delusion that her head belongs to another.

Tegenaria atrica Family: Agelenidae Genus: Tegenaria Species: Tegenaria atrica

Agelenidae (Funnel web spiders) Differentiate from the venomous sydney funnel web spiders. Sociality in these spiders has gone so far as communal web-building and sharing; cooperative prey capture and communal rearing of young. Most of these spiders are also known for their fast speed which, on the web, can reach 8 km/h (mid-paced pedestrian walk). Due to this ability, they practically rely solely on their movement while capturing prey, but, unlike similar families, Lycosidae for example, they prefer to stalk their prey by building randomly placed web sheets, which may include up to 100 times the spider's size and funnel down to a narrow nest, hence the spider's name.

Tegenaria atrica Behavior T. atrica often builds its funnel web in undisturbed corners. The web does not contain glue, and if an animal gets entangled in the web, the spider runs towards it, crushes the animal to a pulp, which is then digested.

Muellers "Hauswinkelspinne" (Tegenaria atrica) is the most common spider in Germany, it's the fat black one that lives in the house and in the cellars and that is running very fast and makes women jump on the table and scream. The male Hauswinkelspine often is found in bathtubs or wash-basins because he is on the tramp (to find a female) and he falls inside tubs and basins and can't come out again. The literal translation is "house corner spider".

Loxoscelus reclusa Family: Sicariidae (recluse spider) Genus: Sicarius Species: Loxoscelus reclusa Common names:

Sicariidae Venomous spiders

Loxoscelus reclusa Common names: Recluse spiders, fiddle back or violin spiders They are brownish with a characteristic dark brown violin marking on the cephalothorax.

Behavior Build irregular webs of sticky off-white to greyish threads. The spider rests in seclusion during the daytime in its web, which is generally built in peaceful locations or places that have been unused/untouched over a long period of time like attics, behind frames, beneath furniture, old disposed stuff piled for months, clothing, stored books, boxes and other junk materials. Outdoors, they prefer to spin webs under rocks, bark of trees, logs, sheds, garages and barns. Unlike most web weavers, they leave these webs at night to hunt. Males will move around more when hunting with the female spiders tending to remain nearer to their webs. Usually scavengers, preferring eat dead insects.

The common source of human-recluse contact is during the cleaning of these spaces, when their isolated spaces are suddenly disturbed and the spider feels threatened.

Mode of attack On spotting their prey, they suddenly pounce on it or its appendage and bite it before backing off rapidly. The venom is a powerful neurotoxin, that it paralyzes the victim leaving no scope for it to defend or to retaliate back for the assault.

Bite A minority of brown recluse spider bites form a necrotizing ulcer that destroys soft tissue and may take months to heal, leaving deep scars. The damaged tissue will become gangrenous and eventually slough away. The initial bite frequently cannot be felt and there may be no pain, but over time the wound may grow to as large as 10 inches (25 cm) in extreme cases. Bites usually become painful and itchy within 2 to 8 hours; pain and other local effects worsen 12 to 36 hours after the bite with the necrosis developing over the next few days.

Proving Louis Klein "CONTRACTURE" - feeling much better sitting down legs crossed, hunched over, crouched, in a small space. Even my personality is smaller; i.e. at a party didn't try to be the chatelaine, as usual. Like I'm occupying a smaller space. "condensation" INDIFFERENCE TO OTHERS. Want to be alone. Feeling alone, even in a group. Felt insulated from every other human or experience. Apathy for others. "I was always alone, even when with others I feel a sense of waiting and feel hyper-vigilant. I constantly am scanning my world for an awareness of what might happen. I feel very isolated. This experience of proving seems very inward and not available to anybody but me. Very aware of what is happening in the exact present. Not much matters except this constant vigilance-a disassociation from the usual cares. A strong sense of being in the present.

I felt unusually tired and silent in a social situation. On the way felt so sad, depressed. I felt like crying. Overwhelmed, cold, tired, want hot bath and bed. Terrified to have photo taken; felt EXPOSED.

Tela aranearum Spider's Web Animalia; Arachnida; Araneae - Spiders; Spider of unknown family:

The web is a flat or curved sheet of dense silk, curved upwards at the edges, and slanting down to one corner where it forms a funnel-like tubular retreat; the spider rests there, and has an escape hole at the back. The web captures prey that fall on it from above, and insects that fall into it become tangled in the irregular "trip threads" over its surface; the hobo's web is not sticky. Prey includes household pests such as roaches, houseflies, earwigs, silverfish, and carpet beetles.

Suborder: Mygalomorphae Homoeopathic remedies Atrax robustus: Sydney funnel web spider Mygale lasiodora: Black Cuban spider

Generalised anatomy Large, heavy built Hairy bodies.

Large, robust chelicerae and fangs Majority of their time in burrows, and some run silk tripwires out from these, but a few build webs to capture prey. Relatively smaller than Araneomorphae. Not easily seen (Araneomorphae commonly seen). Chelicerae and fangs slope towards each other which give them many possibilities of biting. Pinching action-sideways and inwards.

Behavior Most of these spiders live fearful lives buried deep in holes. They react on unexpected events by cowering in fear, unable to move, or by violently plunging their pickaxe fangs. Some of the largest most aggressive spider and poisonous spiders belong to this sub-order i.e the Sydney funnel web spider. They use silk to line their retreats or make tube like structures in which they live. Some species use silken lines that extend from their retreats that act as "trip lines" to alert the spider to prey and enemies and one group makes sheet webs. Although their use of silk can help to catch prey, nevertheless, mygalomorphs do not make catching webs that stick to their prey. They possess neither of the two types of sticky silk. Nor do they possess a type of silk found in araneomorph spiders called piriform silk that allows for the fast attachment of a silken line to the substratum or to other bits of silk. Thus, although mygalomorphs may make extensive use of silk, in many important ways, they are more limited in what they can easily do with their silk than are araneomorph spiders. Live in colonies but are not social. They rarely "balloon" by using air currents for transport, their populations often form clumps. Live long lives specially females. Unlike Araneomorphae, which die after about a year, Mygalomorphae can live for up to 25 years, and some don't reach maturity until they are about six years old.

The hair on their body help them detect vibrations and air currents to sense its prey. They have a habit of using their hind legs to scrape hairs off the end of the abdomen and use these hairs to defend themselves. The allergic response to hairs in contact with human skin can cause greater discomfort than their bite.

Reproduction Males die shortly after mating.

Mode of attack/defense Ambushing hunters they leap from burrow entrances in ground, log or tree trunk retreats to capture passing prey. Some burrow dwellers lurk behind trapdoors. Some like the funnel-webs, will forage on the surface in the vicinity of the burrow at night. Few make sheet or curtain-like webs at their burrow entrances which can impede both prey and predators. Some disguise their burrows with doors made of dry leaf litter. They weave twig 'triplines' into the burrow's rim. When alerted by a prey walking over the tripline, they leap out from under the door. Some live in leaf litter and use vibration and touch to sense and ambush prey.

Mygale lasiodora Family:Theraphosidae Subfamily: Aviculariinae Genus: Avicularia

Species: Mygale avicularia (Mygale lasiodora, Aranea avicularia, Mygale avicularis, Avicularia avicularia) Common names: Black cuban spider Avicularia Avicularis means small bird. Often called the bird spiders. One of the most notable features of the Avicularia species is its odd method of defense. When threatened, their first choice is to jump or run away as quickly as possible occasionally, though, they will launch a jet of excrement at the perceived threat. Adults are capable of good accuracy and a range of 0.5-1 m (2 or 3 feet). Quite adept at jumping.

Avicularia avicularia Common name: Pink toe tarantula

Mygale lasiodora Habitat They are VERY adaptable and are one of the few species of tarantula that coexist with mankind's expansion. Arboreal or tree dwelling species and require a relatively tall habitat with plenty of climbing space. They require a lot of moisture, along with ample ventilation to prevent molds from developing. Behavior These types of tarantulas are very docile, albeit nervous and jumpy, and are frequently kept as pets. Although all tarantulas are prone to cannibalism, pinktoes are more tolerant of one another and can be stored in the same vivarium, if it is large enough.

They are sluggish, yet strike quickly. The mygale spider stiffens when suddenly exposed to light.

Materia medica Chorea esp. of upper parts. Right side affected. Twitching so violent as to prevent walking. Chorea: motions: violent. {0> 3> 0} Chorea: sleep: amel. {1> 4> 0} Gait reeling, staggering, tottering and wavering. {10> 30> 164} Jerking: convulsive, spasmodic. {22> 94> 0}

Case of a boy with epilepsy seen in 1998. Symptom during epilepsy Symptom during epilepsy: Start on right side of body.

More about the boy Hyperactive Destructive Aggressive Fights with friends Cheating Lies

Music, dance

Mygale, according to Farrington, is one of our best remedies in uncomplicated cases of chorea; the patient is low spirited and depressed, the muscles of the face twitch constantly, the mouth and eye open and close in rapid succession, the head is jerked to one side, usually the right control over the muscle seems to be lost.

Atrax robustus Family: Hexathelidae Genus: Atrax Species: Atrax robustus Common names: Sydney funnel web spider Hexathelidae Hexathelids typically live in burrows, which are constructed in the ground or in tree hollows. An elaborately constructed burrow entrance is common. These spiders construct a funnel shaped web and lurk for prey in the small end of the funnel. They frequently search for a place to nest under human dwellings, or under nearby rocks, logs, or other similar objects. They are most active at night.

Atrax robustus Habitat Funnel-webs burrow in sheltered sites under logs and rocks where they can find a cool and humid climate.

Behavior Venomous

The most deadly and dangerous spider in the world. They do not hesitate to attack. They neither jump or chase. Large and powerful fangs that can penetrate even finger nails and soft shoes resulting in a dangerous bite. The spider grips the victim and bites repeatedly and envenomates enthusiastically. Most spiders are only too anxious to take flight and escape from one's path as quickly as possible. Not so the Funnel-web! It shows a brazen indifference to the presence of man, and will offer fight with or without pretext. It is known get aggressive unless driven into a corner. Approach an Atrax, and it immediately assumes the fighting attitude. It is immediately transformed into a fighting fury-the creature becomes the embodiment of evil and ferocity. They are quick to rear back and ready to strike when disturbed, otherwise they would remain with their legs hunched up and, so it seems, comatose. However, this passive attitude is just make-believe. If you go close to them and they attack you. The male is five times deadlier than the female. Outcast among spiders. Extreme intolerance of heat and dryness.

Bite Its bite produces a serious toxic syndrome, atraxism, which is characterized by a phase of excitement followed by a period of stupor and sleepiness, with hypothermia.

Reproduction Generally speaking, the males are the wanderers, and the females spend most of their time in their burrows, leaving occasionally to hunt at night. Males wander in search of females

for mating in the summer and autumn months. This is when most encounters with humans occur. In this species, mating can be deadly. The male must use the spurs on his front legs to keep the female from stabbing him during mating, otherwise he will become her next meal!

Mode of defense If threatened they show aggressive behaviour, rearing and displaying their impressive fangs.

Mode of attack Funnel-webs don't rely on trapping their prey in a web to immobilize it. Instead, they hunt by aggressively attacking their victims. In fact, the Sydney Funnel-web is one of the most aggressive spiders in the world! There is something very sinister and repulsive about them. The spider probably waits motionless near the entrance to its retreat until some passing insect comes within reach and walks over the silken trip lines. A quick rush and the prey would be seized and, possibly, dragged within the entrance of its den to be devoured.

Materia medica People have, however, been bitten while working in their gardens in the daytime, their hands having come too close to the spider which promptly showed its resentment by attacking them. Those thus bitten have remarked that it required quite a strong blow to dislodge the spider. - P. Sankaran

Case of a violent girl suffering from asthma seen in 1996. Symptoms Fits of violence: used to throw things and hit others. TRIED TO KILL HER FATHER ONCE.

Twisted cousins arm and said, ` I WILL KILL YOU! Her eyes were staring and bloodshot and she was trying to control her temper. I COULD HAVE STRANGLED HIM! Pounding the pillow. Bangs head hard against the wall. OSMOSIS. Death. Politicians should be shot dead. Mantras; visions of God. People stepping into my area. Invasion of space. No outsider can step in my family. No one can come near me. Kill, shoot. Malice.

Proving by Jonathan Shore Invasion of private space produces a very violent reaction . Recurrent dream after the death of aunt that she is sorting through the house after she died. In past go into her room to sort out and arrange her papers and affairs and find her in her bed watching me even though she was dead. Terrible feeling of invading her space. Aunt was very weird; accused her of stealing her things; very paranoid, meanaccused her of doing something underhand. Watching hereyes just follow herso full of hatred I wished her deadShe would nearly die have a resurrection just to spite me. She was venomous. She could destroy people.

Psychic awareness I knew they were going to get me. No place to hide. trying to get through a gate. Couldn't. Dog on other side. need to hide, no place to hide. Trapped. No options. Long grass. Crawled into the grass to hide. As if house had been invaded by a gang of heavy types. In life visiting her it was as if I had to put on my armor. Like a battle. When woke from this last dream, felt as if the war was over. Such a turmoil so full of hatred I wished her dead.

New remedies Sub-order: Mygalomorphae Ummidia Superfamily: Ctenizoidea Family: Ctenizidae Common names: Trapdoor spiders

Unlike other mygalomorph spiders, the Ctenizidae have a rastellum on the chelicera. Resembling "teeth" or "barbs" on each fang, this modification is used to dig and gather soil while constructing a burrow. Spiders that construct burrows with a cork-like trapdoor made of soil, vegetation and silk. The trapdoor is difficult to see when it is closed because the plant and soil materials effectively camouflage it. The trapdoor is hinged on one side with silk. A hungry individual will wait halfway outside of its burrow for a meal. They use their pedipalps and first legs to hold the trapdoor closed when disturbed. Enemies of the trapdoor spider include certain pompilid (spider) wasps, which seek out the burrows and manage to gain entrance. They sting the owner and lay their eggs (usually one per spider) on its body. When the egg hatches, the larva devours the spider alive.

Reproduction Male trapdoor spiders can overcome the females' aggressive reactions to their approach, but it is not known how.

Mode of attack The spiders, which are usually nocturnal, typically wait for prey while holding onto the underside of the door with the claws on their tarsi. Prey is captured when insects, other arthropods, or small vertebrates venture too close to the half-open trapdoor at night. The spider detects the prey by vibrations and when it comes close enough, the spider leaps out of its burrow and captures it.

Sub-order Araneomorphae Salticide (Jumping spider) Pholcus phalangoides (Daddy long legs) Nephila (Gloden silk orb weavers) Lampona cylindrata (White tailed spider) Cheiracanthium punctorium (Yellow sac spider) Aranea cucurbitinus (Cucumber green spider) Ancylometes bogotensis (Fishing spider)

Salticide Family: Salticidae Common names: Jumping spiders

The family name is derived from the Latin "salto" which means to dance with pantomimic gestures. Jumping Spider, common name for any of a group of hunting spiders that can leap 10 to 40 times their body length.

Behavior Jumping spiders do not make webs to catch prey. Jumping spiders are the only spiders known to respond to their own image in a mirror, taking up a threat posture as they would on encountering another member of their own species. They are among the most ornate of spiders; many species are brightly colored and strikingly patterned, with stout bodies, short legs, and a very large pair of eyes on the front of the face. The jumping spider has four pairs of eyes, with the large principal eyes giving it sharper vision than any other animal of similar size. It can identify prey, predators, and mates from up to 30 cm (up to 12 in) away. They can jumps of the walls and falls back on it several centimeters further instead of falling down. This is because of its lifeline. If you watch the spider carefully, you can notice that it always releases this lifeline when it jumps. If the jump fails it can crawl back to its original position and it prevents the spider from falling down. Hence called as bungee jumpers. Salticides are Ant mimicking spiders Unlike almost all other spiders, they can quite easily climb on glass. Minute hairs and claws on their feet enable them to grip imperfections in the glass. Jumping spiders also use their silk to weave small tent-like dwellings where females can protect their eggs, and which also serve as a shelter while moulting. Jumping spiders are known for their curiosity. If approached by a human hand, instead of scuttling away to safety as most spiders do, the jumping spider will usually leap and turn to face the hand. Further approach may result in the spider jumping backwards while still eyeing the hand. The tiny creature will even raise its forelimbs and "hold its ground." Because of this contrast to other arachnids, the jumping spider is regarded as inquisitive as it is seemingly interested in whatever approaches it.

Reproduction In many species the male performs complex courtship displays in which he bobs his body and his front legs in a highly specific manner. The male carries out mating dances which consist of ostentacious and ridiculous weaving and lurching accompanied by waving and signalling with the palps. The antics are sometimes mimicked by the females perhaps as a signal to the male that she has got into the swing of things and is available to mate. Some of the males' repetitive palp movements are thought to mesmerise or hypnotize the female, reducing the risk of attack. The courting male jumping spider must dance before his mistress and it seems that the male makes desperate attempts to impress the female with his dancing repertoire while the female follows every step with critical interest.

Mode of attack The jumping spider is an active predator, usually hunting during daylight. They are the tigers among spiders. They will stalk to within a few body lengths of the prey, crouch, crawl slowly forward, slowly advancing towards the prey, and when at a reachable distance will lift its front legs, jump and pounce. To catch flying prey, they simply attach silk to a substrate and leap into the air. Should they miss a landing site, they simply haul themselves back up the launch site and reuse the bungee.

Pholcus phalangoides Family: Pholcidae Common names: Daddy long legs

Also called skull spider due to its cephalothorax looking like a human skull.

They make their untidy webs in the corner of a wall or a ceiling. They are also often found in the basement or the cellars, thus being referred to by another common name as the cellar spiders. Its legs are about 5 or 6 times the length of its body (reaching up to 7 cm of leg span in females). They can kill and eat venomous red back spider (Latrodactus hasellti).

Reproduction Because they originally came from the tropics, these spiders do not seem to be aware of seasonal changes and breed at any time of the year.

Mode of defense When they are disturbed or when they are under a threat of attack, they start vibrating in their web violently to scare off and discourage their enemy. Therefore, they are also known by yet another common name of vibrating spiders. This is probably to blur the vision of the predator.

Nephila Family: Araneidae Common names: Golden silk orb weavers, Giant wood spiders, Banana spiders

Sometimes referred to as writing spiders due to occasional zigzag patterns (stabilimenta) built into their webs. The name of the golden silk orb-weavers refers to the color of the spider silk, not the color of the spider itself. Yellow threads of their web shine like gold in sunlight.

The spider is able to adjust pigment intensity relative to background light levels and color; the range of spectral reflectance is specifically adapted to insect vision. The silk's color may serve a dual purpose: - sunlit webs ensnare bees that are attracted to the bright yellow strands, - whereas in shady spots the yellow blends in with background foliage to act as a camouflage. When weather is good (and no rain has damaged the orb web) the Nephila often rebuild only a portion of the web. Partial orb renewal is distinct from other orb-weaving spiders that usually replace the entire orb web. Whereas most orb-weaving spiders remove the non-sticky spiral when spinning the sticky spiral, Nephila leave it. This produces a "staff paper" effect when the orb is seen in the sun: groups of sticky spirals reflecting light with "gaps" where the non-sticky spiral does not reflect the light. Adjacent to one face of the main orb there may be a rather extensive and haphazardlooking network of guard-strands suspended a few inches distant across a free-space. This network is often decorated with a lumpy string or two of plant detritus and insect carcasses clumped with silk. This "barrier web" may function as a kind of early-warning system for incoming prey or against spider-hunting predators, or as a shield against windblown leaves; it may also be remnants of the owner's previous web. At least one reference explains the suspended debris-chain as a cue for birds to avoid blundering into and destroying the web.

Aranea cucurbitinus Family: Araneidae Common names: Cucumber green spider

The spider is mainly found on forest clearings, where it weaves its web between leaves and flowers.

This spider does not use a hideout, because it is camouflaged by its green color.

Lampona cylindrata Family: Lamponidae Genus: Lampona Common names: White tailed spider

The genus name is derived from Latin lampo "shine". So named because of the whitish tips at the end of their abdomens. The white-tailed spider wanders around and may be encountered unexpectedly. Of the 130 recently-monitored cases, several spiders had been picked up off the floor accidentally by short sighted persons thinking that they were something else. More than 60% of the victims had been bitten by spiders that had got into clothing, into folded towels and into beds. In several more cases they were in shoes. They live in gardens and houses, beneath bark and rocks, in leaf litter and are often found in the folds of clothes, towels and shoes. They are able to walk on glass, due to specialized hairs on the end of their legs. Most active at night, they hunt for other spiders. Their favoured prey is the black house spider. Bites result in a pus filled blister.

Cheiracanthium punctorium Family: Miturgidae Common names: Yellow sac spider

Bites can penetrate human skin; similar to a wasp sting, perhaps a bit more severe.

Ancylometes bogotensis Family: Ctenidae Genus: Ancylometes Common names: Fishing spider

They live near ponds and small lakes. The spiderlings can walk over water rather fast, in a fashion similar to water striders. This is because of fine air-trapping hairs on the tips of their legs. They can dive underwater, and will consume anything from insects to small lizards and fish. They can stay underwater for over an hour, using air trapped in hairs surrounding their book lungs as a physical gill. If they do catch fish, they consume them on the ground of the water. The male immobilizes the female with silk during mating, while the female enters an immobile state by itself. The female produces a cocoon after about a week, which is carried with the fangs. After a month, the female builds a nursery web above the ground which is about 10cm in diameter. More than 100 spiderlings (each about 2mm long) hatch inside the egg case.

Mygalamorphae

Araneomorphae

Ambush attack from burrows or retreats or behind trapdoors Lurking behind trapdoors Not commonly seen Longer live spans Aggression ++

Trap in sticky webs or hunt by rapid chase Lie in wait Seen very commonly Shorter life spans Not very aggressive Large, sticky webs

Violence ++ Non sticky webs More confined, less mobile Chelicerae: pointing downward

Constant movement, busy Chelicerae: Pinching action