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.

i st r i ved succ$ssf ul l y overm a y d ad$s t o pr oduce m ot or s w i hi gh out putlw ei ght

or out put l vol um e r at i o wi t h mi ni m um t. Thi s has i nevi t abl y r esul t ed i n a

, ' . L , . ' i , ' . , l c ' t , . ' i r / , 7 i ' f ' , '

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I c o s m p t i o n . M a n u f 8u r e r s o f e l e c t r i c m o t o r s
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com pr om i se on t he ot herpar am et $r s such as pow erf act orand e i ci ency.

J. D . K . P l

hc t , cc ,i L m nI nr s ar er he m aj n,
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I ,sr cri al s, 3s w il as hcr i cr gr ade nf m Ac ,ri aI R,

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su,L,ss(ul ; y nve, , n an; deades ,u p,ud ,I e ,

th e M O tO r CO St, SO
e v e ry o n e M u st

m ot o rs n i th h i $h oucpL I c ( w m gh r nr uur y ucl vol u, , , c rac i n wi c h, ni l , i I n ul , , cnst . r ,; s hss ; nev; t ,b; ) , res, , ; tgd ; n a cum prum i ,, un ( hc ul t , ,, p,,yl , , ,l rrs sut ) a, ; , nw cr f ,cc nr dnd ef nL, enLv.
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w oL , l d b e u( t he nr de, uL l59b t n 2DYb dependi n$ L , pon t he pov er rat i n$ T he . ,a( ; u, \ ni . , $y ,yv; , \ 6 w; ( I ) gooo h, 1 vc,, opi ni l l pay h,ck r he i ni t i al Lost ' appr ox i m ,c ,l y
. .

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th e M O tO r I S M al nI Y
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, ,

I lc , vu s i mi l n, ret i nx m ut ur s upcra( i n6 , L t
siI , ,i l ar I n dd ,nd hav l ng ,fn ci ency n F

th e ru n n i n g Co 5t a n d n o , th e , n, t, aI lo St. S o , ti S

c sm ,l l ionsi , m yri on hy i I ) di vi d ual

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.

m ut ur u,t su ; ( eve,) , onc undrsr yndq , t \ a( si; ir I uI , ir, c grI a of i I le nl oI ol i S

m ai nl v the rL In ning cu sI . nnd nu t the im ti dl
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)

b enef. I tS O f ener9Y effi Ci e n t M o to rs '

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n r users aI Id m anu faLru r,rs shn L ,l d

t. nergy m . sc in K s ( w h
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f ul l y underst and t he bencC i l s uf ,ner 6y

,( fi i en t m u1i ,rs.

h' - R unnj ng t i m c hu irs ) ye;r

A dd , , n nI ; nvcsi m Ln ,

The p,r en, a gg or us c i , c ,I ; I I dus c r , , ; y a y u,. Mo , or I e ,, , ; ,; ) y L u,s um p, ; u, e dr u, mut ; , , c t g r :,: I L- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .x 2

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g( n , en,, or , hc, , o)o, , ,,u m ,k,

,uhsr yI , ci ' s li I , i y aLt o i ,i n du stri ,l ,l ectri cit
.

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a uI ni I ,i uI n k am ,.

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,u( , t u, , , , .

dt Us cu f, d i c u nf r c el , mi n a t i u n.
' l ' he dbuve acam e t er s m ay hanxe vi t h
t i m e,duc 1 n cns . IR IrucIur c nf m aI cri al . s and I hi s a,adahdi I y, Tu i m p,uve t he ct ' f ci eny,i 1i s ne ss ,ry r u r id u ii r t ) ,l o es,T l , el ar gesl I nss i sI he I n. 4 si n t he n, uI i ) r i t . s el f ,i vhi ch can nnt he
eh m i n, at ,d, b u1 nn ,m prOYem en c m m Otur

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rhg I n,;nr u. s ers of m ot or s a,e f arm ers

a, , d ; ndu s, r; ,, t ; k, . p i(r o ,l ) im , ,sl . s, ,h e, j ,,I , ) gx)i ) g, fno d , gm eu t , w at e,
supp l ) stati u n yn d v a(cr (rc6l, ) Ic, )l y l a, ,ls,

and qui pm en, m anu f jt uri n6 i ndu,t ,i ,s, rhg n, u, ur i s u,ed , u Jrj v , j ) i m aih i ni t oo; s, iom p)esso,s, bl ,w crs, f an. 4 aI ,d
pum ps . gt .

em i i ency by redesi gn can n i ake subst ant i al cu I , t,i h utj ons , o i n crasi ng t h e uvergI l eM i eucy o f m ot or dri v. M o r .

st m or an d rut ur cures by addi ng n, nre m m eri al$nd usi n g m at eri al st vi l h i m pr oved propcR i es. , t ncreasi ng t he cr os s sccti on al area of n m o r and r! i t i i r conduct ors c o r edL I ce resi st $ nce an d np t i m ii ng t he at r gap t o nht ai n t he l ow esc current w i th I nw est st ray I ns . s es.

M g; nl y, t h m ot or l uss cunsi n s of t wo m ai n cum p onenr s i . c. t he cunst , L nt l osses $nd l osK s t hat vary w i l h t hr out y ut pow er .

The co, , s t ant l us s e s uns i s ( of i r on and

( r; ct ; un .w ; , , dage l osses, w h i I e t he I oad varyi n$ coi npot , cn are t h e st at ur and r ol or r esj st anee l osM s aI , d. s tray l uad l osses.

Q) S t D rM

i ng :
n ct i un uf

Loss i n m ol or i vi ndi ng i sa

cond uct ur resi st ancc dnd n, ot or current squared . nesi sl\ i t cc i s a f u n ct i n n of cond uct or m at eri al .cruss secl i onat ar ea

o) Coi i d t orr e s ut n, gf os s .M a j url os Ms

g, e due t u R at n, and rot or curren t low i ng c h ro ugh the respcn i ve w; nd gs.

and I rng h. ' t h r educe r r s ml $nce t he

u os s sen i on ar ea nf w i nd i ng m ust be i ncr eased,w hi ch i ncr cases , s nt area and t hcI , l ead t n hi ghrr C ram e and m o r e

b) ,,, ,f ,, , . D ue t o h,,t e, e,, , eme,t

m gt eri al . s.

g n de d d yc u r r e nt i nma n e ( i cne l .
.

h t h el u s Msi L i v r r s e l yp I n pn r t i o n a lt o
cross secti on ed ar ea, rhe i ncrease of
,,, , . n ,uss seet. i o n a,ea w i i i ,pdu th,

't St ' YY l Oad l OS S w i V'V

a'' U' dM

g t o

squaR ofl oad current an d are caused by I e ge nw ; ndu,ed bv ; oad cur,en t.

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st Jt Or CuppeC 1 0sS bY l6. 10 N. I n n, on of t he cases, i ncR asi ng t he

,, , ,,, o, ,,d i ,, . ,d,$, f be n

,

, s es .xe,ni t n om

a , i , n gn. , t , . u na nd$ i . re i . i , u i $ ( i o na nd
ges.

c u pp e rc r o s ss Mi o nh yr e duc i n $t UC n S
and keepi n6 const am sI R f i l l f act or t ends t o decr ease t he st at oc R si sl ancc

esl . n a I t erna t. I Ves Or I m PrOVe d D

E fti ci e ncy M otors
T he t CChni q Ue f oI i m pCOY l n$ I n Ot 0r

and s t m or l os s e s hut i ncRas e s hi e r m g6net; s; ng cu ,, ent $nd s t,ii ; n

8 ,u,re,i i,i,,,i , , g co,e ; eu,th an redue u ' e ghe, n, a , et ; ,; , , g ,u rr ent cgus e, l uw e, m ut o, pow e, r ait or $nd hi gher coce l osses , and t hese.

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C OM PA R 6 O FOR d PO LE C rF M O r0 R
' '' -' " '' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' '' '' ' '' '5 W ^ ' '' ' '' '

em i ci ency, m cl udc reduci ng l usses i n I he

b7RD rW ndi ng .
R ot or w i ndi ng t oss es , 1r ei nn ucnced hy t he cond uLc nr m ac eri al ,condun or aR a, i e, ) h aI , dj I , di ren l y up erat i ng s l i p. For i m provi I , g el ci ency, c hc ro1or conduct or aR a shnu l d be as l ar$e as pnssi bl e, l o m ai t ai n m i ni m um l uc

r n t o rt o r q u er e q u t Rmc n t .
T hc r ot or r esi st ance has gr eat e en on the m ot o r prr orm anK and un t he sh$p e o f sp ed ( orq u cu rve. H i gh

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$nd der eases t he st art ; n$ urr eI ) t .m e m axi m uI n r c i rqi i e occurs at I Dw rcsi st ance and hi gher s peed,

c )U R

T he i r nn al l uys ran6e h om l ow car b un n cel w i r h carhnn nt ent l ess t han

, 1 i I c n P d 2 ( t g h H ) o e ! u y $ . r s x f A m q ; j w E M Y = _ S b 5 C a ' K v l p T F ? ^ L / 4 , i D : I k 8 U " 6 n + t c g e o h d s y ) u ( f H r . w Y 5 a ; m B 9 l N b p 2 v T S 3 ' , i P L R k j M 8 q O n x t g o d : s e h u c y r 0 I a ( w W l . ; ? m p ) 5 , C i 2 L q n t U o d e u 9 K g c s X h a r y l ( . T N : E I L M S A ; C n b w $ k i o d m e u K / c v t p q U s r a l g ( G . h D f O F P R ' y I M N V L n b C i d 7 E e t c k u o & A s $ r a T l ; m , W v 8 q ( g D 9 . p S f : O ) 5 w R h I n N L 7 ' M C G e i c o B t F P s $ u 1 b r a d m l y A ( g v . O : 9 p h E n 6 C ,

l
gR

act uatrel at i un sh i p b et w ecn curr ent and nu x densi t yi s n ot l i near.

T hi sl oss i s sut ri ci ent l y l arge, t u h ave a apl ,r e,i abl e cF ( cn o, ,t hc', not ur eC n c ir n c v
,

p,rt i cW ,rl yi n c ,i i pi i l e m ut r i rs.

A reduct i nn i n l eno h nf t he ai r gap

bn w een r he ,ot or and st at cr w i l l red uce t he ai r gap m m f requ i red and h encc thc m ot or T he usual t vpe o f f ans,w hi ch a,c uscd r o cool el ect ri cal m ach i ne are
,

curr enl t vi l l redu . By i nLr ea,i ng t he ai r

gap t he sc r,y l oss can be r ed uced, bn ause I n agni t udc of h arn, on i ,s i s r cd i i ced. T hi s wi l l how em r r educe t he pn, ver f a or. T he

( ,) pu,e; y ,e,,,, juga; r ,u , v, ,b ,,,a, gh,

,,d , ,j I , j ,de, r o, ,e,e,,, b; e ,,d
,,,a! ;, , o (u ,S'

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m od, ,,,, o, , , , ,,,m p, , , , , o t he ,, o, oi des, $n c,n be done. '

( ht C, entri f ugal l an

wi t h

l orward or

b,ckw ard curved bl ades t o gi ve dej red ch aract eri i cs f or u, , i di rect i onal
op erati u n.

l) I ncr eas ei n cnr el engr h hy l59b t o 3o9b

l) C hange of coc e st ccl f rom si l i co n. ' carbon t o

( ct Com l , i ned

crn( ri C u6al and

.

axi al

f ans w i t h i I ,cl i I , cd an d curved hl ades

.

rai $h c or

3t Change ofc or es t eelt hi cknes s .

' l ' h c st udy rcvc s r hat t h c l5qo i ncr casc i i f cure l ength, resul t i n nn si gn i cant i m pr nvem cnt can he ach i eved hy changi ng t yp e and t t , i ckn n s of c t i e ,ure
,

( d) Ae, uf , , , ;bj ades t, ,, M p ,u,e F a, em c , e, v

on t ,r ;er m , i ch i nes. T he m l nss

c h a n g ci nf u l ll oa dc f f i c i c n c y .Vh i t emo r e e ; e c ( r ; c a ;, , , c b ; , s, , o r, , r ; Mg , ;m e .
e . s, , re,e, gy , ,m , , ,, I a( , ou h , ,,e d,e
.

a; u, ; , ) ,, , ft be r ,,s us ed , u, u, ,, , ug

m i nat i uns.

O nl vt hi cknes svari ati on al so docs nc 1 m ake

si 6ni f i cant

i ni n cmi ci cncy.

( ,) j , , p,,j o,,e, du t o, j , oe er r e,( (h) F,; c, ; o, ; o,,, u,,bj ades

.

(ct Sc ored ener6y nt 'c he ai r a cr l eavi ng

d)Rot orS . not or skew i ng i s appl i ed m ai nl y t o

el i , ni , , e p. 1rasj i c r or qL i es d uri n$ m o t or aCCel Crati oI ,,bUt al 5o reSU l t 5i n I C55 no i i n sm ,l l si m o ( or s. T hr el i m i nati un , , fr , i t nr sk i n$ w oul d ,cducc t hc st ray l osscs; bu t l evel ,i f

( b F ,, , ( d) w s s esdue , , ,a, ,, , , , ,, , o, o, , ,I e(
.

j , has been ob served , ha, ,he h u w ; , b rad; a; s( ,y; gh, b l ads a,e b ,v; ,g poor g ,; e,v
.

, urved w b ; cb ar e 2 , o 3 , ; , n es

m ay caus e sun,e . st arti n, pr obl em s and

w oW d l rad t o an i ncr eaM i n noi

m ore em , c; en, b u( , he m o( or m us , be
u, ,; d; rec( ; o,a; T b e nec, ur bj ade dgp, h and
.

S l or Com b i n1t i on i s notp r opeC .

n, ,, , f bj ade, uu , he m axi m uM em i ci en

un

radi al and i ncl i ned bl ades h ns, shnw s t b at

eJ M o

Vm

n:

, he eM c; e,v ; I , cr ease w ; , b m o,e dep, b and

; ess no of b ; ad es f o, rad; aI aud 4sO i nc; m ed bj ade f jn hu , redu s ( he em c; g, v w ; , h 2['
.

' l ' hcr, n al coi , si dcrati oi , s ,cprcsrnt onc of t he m ai n l i m i Wt i ons t nt he nut putn bt m nabl e f ,om gi ve, , dej t hcrm al i ndn of el cct ri c m achm e.m e propcn i es oF i n su l i on

; n,j ; nd bj ,dc r gn

m at eri a l w hi ch ar e uM d t ui ns Wa

wi nW ng,

The l om pres sure axi al n o, v f an i s

p y,m , j orp,r ti n de t rr mi ni ng er a t i ngof

r hc m ach i nc and so desi gn o f t h e m ach i Le cnnl i ng ci r cui t . s hnu l d r ecei ve as . m uch
' ,

par t i cul a, l y us ed f ors ur f a, ecool e d( TEFC )

m ot urs, w hi ch has l o, v ai r now resi s tancc. T hi s axi al nu, f an i s u pti m i ed t ype w i t h respect c o vol um c now , h n cM ci cn cy and nui se em i ssi u n;bu t di sadvantage i s that f an m ust bc cxan l y m at ch w i t hf an c,si ng.D ue , o ; ow no w I u is es , uF ,x , aj F an ,he requ , ,ed
. .

t en t i on M t he corres pondi n $ el ect ri c

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.

air req u irem en t.

M a nUtactUring A sp ects of E n e rg y E fi ci e nt M ot o rs.

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