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Presentation: P

Problems of noncontact thermography measurements of Hybrid IC boards

A.V. Andonova, P. I. Philippov and G. B. Pavlov Department of Microelectronics, Technical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria, E-mail ava@ecad.tu-sofia.bg Summary: The temperature is an important physical parameter influencing hybrid IC performances. Different interesting techniques using infrared thermography have been proposed. However, they do not give an absolute temperature, require an electronic system to synchronize the camera and the electronic device or have difficulties to obtain relevant thermograms because of the problem of low emissivity on the one hand and the poor spatial resolution on the other hand. In the paper are analyzed the specialties of HIC under thermography inspection. A HIC consists components with different geometry that are made of materials with strongly varying radiation properties. Therefore almost each of the point in the thermal image has to be considered with individual emissivity value. In most cases the general knowledge concerning emissivity coefficient in function of angle of view is unknown. The lack of knowledge on the mentioned parameters values can results in a measurement error in tens or even hundreds percent of the true temperature. Two approaches for quantitative temperature measurements of HIS using infrared thermography are investigated and compared the mapping of the absolute temperature and the mapping of the emissivity.
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Keywords: hybrid IC, infrared thermography, quantitative temperature measurements

Motivation
Measurements were carried out in laboratory conditions using a set consisting of infrared camera with close-up 50m lenses to study HICs boards. Our motivation was to investigate so called narcissus effect [1].
An equalization box was created for easy and quick emissivity evaluation. It enables measurement of the temperature dependence and the spatial distribution of the emissivity up to 600C. It is composed of titanium hot plate PZ 28-3TD-Harry Gestigkeit with programmable controller TR 28 3T for precise temperature regulation and computer with ThermaCAM Researcher application installed.

For evaluation the influence of the angle of view on emissivity coefficients are carried out the experiments with a pipe made of a heat insulating material with emissivity 0,96. In the pipe
C

4 3 .0 C
LI02

42

40

42
LI01

38

36

40 38
LI03

a
C 43

3 6 .5 C

42

b
Fig. 1: IR image of Au layer made by close-up lenses and showing narcissus effect Fig. 2: Line temperature profiles for no compensated (a) and compensated narcissus effect (b) of the IR image

there is placed a rotating pad (a sample holder). A scale for reading the angle movement is placed over the pipe, and the angle of pad rotation is read from the pointer. The pointer is immovably connected with the pad.

Fig. 3: Emissivity map of the HIC boards

Results
Relative temperature change according to the observation angle of HIC boards components is studied. In fact at small angles (perpendicular observation) from a small distance we have a significant effect on the absolute value of the emissivity. For escaping from this effect a precise adjustment of the working regime of the camera must be made by taking into account of the distance and the reflected temperature.
35 .9 C
SP02: 33.0
SP02: 25.2

27 .1 C

35
SP01: 34.2 SP03: 33.1
SP01: 24.9 SP03: 24.6

26

30
24

26 .0 C

23 .0 C

Fig. 4: IR image with 0o angle of view

Fig. 5: IR image with 20o angle of view

An equalization box was created for easy and quick emissivity evaluation. It enables measurement of the temperature dependence and the spatial distribution of the emissivity up to 600C. An emissivity map is also generated from the whole image or selected box area.

Acknowledgement
The authors would like to thank for the support of SIF under which contract 1-854/2007 S, the present work was conducted.

References
[1] X. Maldague, " Theory and Practice of Infrared Technology for Nondestructive Testing ", John Wiley&Sons, Inc, 2001.

BIOGRAPHY (of presenting author)

Mrs Anna Andonova is graduated at Technical University of Sofia, BULGARIA. She has authored/co-authored more than 90 scientific publications (including books). Mrs. Andonova has been member of the Steering Committee of the International Symposium on MTM and the International Scientific Symposium of the Defence Research Agency. - Please submit this abstract both, as MS-Word document, Version 97 or later, and as PDF document to isse2010@elka.pw.edu.pl.