Antigens Epitopes Haptens What are the basic functions of B lymphocytes what are the basic funcitions of T lymphocytes

NK cells How to B cells capture antigens how do macrophages capture antigens how do dendritic cells capture antigens and where do they deliver them what are the products of the common lymphoid progenitor what are the products of the common myeloid progenitor what are the products of the common erythroid megakaryocyte progenitor what are the normal blood cell counts of white blood cells What do antibodies bind to what does TCR bind to What do MHC class 1 or 2 molecules bind to What are the primary organs of the immune system What are the secondary organs of the immune system What are four characteristics of the innate immune system Water for characteristics of the adaptive immune system What are the mechanical barriers of the respiratory tract What are the chemical barriers of the gastrointestinal tract What are the microbiological barriers of the skin gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract How do normal microbiological flora assist in preventing infection What is a characteristic of the clonal selection of B lymphocytes What is the order of macromolecules in terms of them being good antigens What is the route of immunization What is the end result of the C pathway What are the three pathways and complement activation Does the alternative pathway require antibodies to activate Why does the alternative pathway not require anybody's to act What happens to C3b if it does not land on a microbial cell surface Describe the steps involved to get C3 to Bb/C3b What happens when the Bb/C3b is activated What does the C3b/Bb complex activate and what does that do What is C9 polymerized into What's the entire point of the alternative see pathway What is the membrane attack complex regulated by What stabilizes the Bb/C3b complex What else is complement to the bacteria What does C3a and C5a do What is the most numerous white blood cell What can a function to neutrophils have What is left shift Where neutrophils stored How to neutrophils and lymphocytes enter tissue? What molecules are involved in the rolling action of neutrophils

What molecules are involved in tight binding of neutrophils What molecules are involved in migration and diapedesis What are toll receptors What is a respiratory burst What happens to the neutrophil after respiratory burst What are the five cytokines we have to know What are the systemic effects of IL six Were the local effects of TNF alpha What are the systemic effects of TNF alpha What are the local effects of IL-1b What are the systemic effects of IL-1b What are the local effects of CXCL-8 What are the local effects of IL-12 What are the key functions of IL-1/IL-6/TNF-alpha in the liver What are the key functions of IL-1/IL-6/TNF-alpha and bone marrow endothelium What are the key functions of IL-1/IL-6/TNF-alpha in the hypothalamus What are the key functions of IL-1/IL-6/TNF-alpha and fat and muscle What are the biologic actions of TNF and a local infection What are the biologic actions of TNF in a systemic infection What is a classic sign of acute infection What is important acute phase protein we need to remember What is another important clinical marker of inflammation What else could C-reactive protein activate What are the classical clinical signs that are the result of an immunological event What you type I interferons do What are the three ways in which type I interferons inhibit viral replication and activate host defense responses Do natural killer cells undergo TCR or IG rearrangement What is what is the difference between natural killer cells and T cells Our natural killer cells able to kill tumor cells What are the highly variable recognition molecules of adaptive immunity What do be cells and antibodies recognize What do helper T cells enabled B cells to do What do cytokine receptors do What a chemo kind receptors do Would to complement receptors do What you pattern recognition molecules do

things the immune system specifically reacts with what antibodies and T cells physically bind to. compounds that are only immunogenic when attached to a larger molecule called a carrier secrete antibodies (as plasma cells), present antigen kill infected cells, secrete cytokines, activate phagocytes, T and B cells kill tumor and virally infected cells cell surface antibody molecules phagocytosis endocytosis and to the lymph nodes B T and NK cells neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, macrophages platelets and erythrocytes 4500-11000 per microliter large and small molecules oligiopepties and MHC molecules oligiopeptides Bone marrow and thymus Spleen and lymph nodes Nonspecific, no memory, fast, constant Highly specific, has memory, slow, improves Flow of fluid and mucus by cilia, airflow Acidity, enzymes proteases The normal flora associated with these systems They occupy niches that pathogens may otherwise exploit It is polyclonal Protein, carbohydrate, lipid Subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, IV oral Destruction of pathogens The alternative, lectin, and classical pathway Nope C3 spontaneously Cleaves in a process called tick over It is rapidly degraded C3 is cleaved to C3b, this binds factor B which activates Factor D. Factor B binds to C3b on microbial cell surfaces. Factor D cle it recruits more C3b C5 and it begins the terminal steps of the alternative C pathway A pore in the bacterial cell structure To form a C9 membrane spanning channel which disrupts the cell integrity CD 59 it binds to C5b and prevent the recruitment of C9 to form the pore Factor P (properdin) It makes the bacteria more tasty to phagocytes in a process called opsonization They are potent anaphylotoxins. They cause increased permeability in the blood vessels in order for plasma proteins and cells Neutrophils Phagocytic only An increase in the number of immature neutrophils Bone marrow Rolling, tight binding, diapedesis, migration Selectins which are found on the endothelium, and addressins which are found on leukocytes

ICAMS and integrins which are found on both leukocytes and endothelial cells Chemokines Pattern recognition molecules that since different microbial products Engulf bacteria that has been phagocytosed by neutrophil has lysosomes merge with the phagosome It dies and is phagocytosed by a macrophage I L 6, TNF alpha, I L 1 beta, CXCL 8, I L 12 Fever, induces acute phase protein productions by hepatocytes Activates vascular endothelium and increases vascular permeability which leads to increased entry of complement and cells t Fever, mobilization of metabolites, shock Activates vascular endothelium, activates lymphocytes, local tissue destruction increases access of effector cells Fever, production of IL-6 Chemotactic factor recruits neutrophils and basophils to site of infection Activates natural killer cells Acute phase proteins which are C reactive protein, mannose binding lectinwhich leads to the activation of complement ops Neutrophil mobilization which leads the phagocytosis Increase body temperature which leads to decreased viral and bacterial replication Protein and energy mobilization to generate increased body temperature which leads to decreased viral and bacterial replica Macrophages release TNF, increased release of plasma proteins phagocytes lymphocytes into the tissue, phagocytosis of bact Macrophages activated in the liver and spleen secrete TNF in the bloodstream, systemic edema which causes decreased bloo Acute phase proteins which are part of the innate immune response C reactive protein or CRP , and MBL Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate also known as sed rate The classical C pathway Heat redness pain and swelling Inhibit viral replication and activate host defense responses, they activate degradation of viral RNA Induce resistance to viral replication in all cells, increased expression of ligand for receptors on natural killer cells, activate na Nope Natural killer cells are able to kill virus-infected cells without prior exposure Yes Immunoglobulins and T cell receptors Native protein antigens produce antibodies Bind cytokines, deliver activation, growth, and differentiation signals; some are inhibitory Bind chemokines, trigger movement toward the site, or keep the cell at the site Activate phagocytosis or clear immune complexes

obial cell surfaces. Factor D cleaves Factor B/C3b to Bb/C3b

r for plasma proteins and cells to be able to leak out

try of complement and cells to tissues and increased fluid drainage to lymph nodes of effector cells

activation of complement opsonization

sed viral and bacterial replication he tissue, phagocytosis of bacteria, local vessel occlusion, containment of infection. Antigens drain or are carried to local lymph nodes which causes decreased blood volume. This causes collapse of blood vessels. Disseminated intravascular coagulation leads to wasting and

natural killer cells, activate natural killer cells to kill virus-infected cells

e carried to local lymph nodes r coagulation leads to wasting and multiple organ failure followed by septic shock and death