Circuit Analysis and Design

Donald A. Neamen Chapter 5 The Bipolar Junction Transistor

Microelectronics

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-1

In this chapter, we will: p , Discuss the physical structure and operation of the bipolar junction transistor transistor. Understand the dc analysis and design techniques of bipolar transistor circuits circuits. Examine three basic applications of bipolar transistor circuits. t i t i it Investigate various dc biasing schemes of bipolar transistor circuits, i l di t i t i it including i t integrated circuit t d i it biasing. C Consider the d b d h dc biasing of multistage or multif l l transistor circuits.
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill Chapter 5-2

Cross Section of Integrated Circuit g npn Transistor

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-3

Modes of Operation
Forward-Active Forward Active B-E junction is forward biased B-C junction is reverse biased B C Saturation B-E and B-C junctions are forward biased B E B C Cut-Off B-E and B-C junctions are reverse biased B E B C Inverse-Active (or Reverse-Active) B-E junction is reverse biased B-C junction is forward biased
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill Chapter 5-4

npn BJT in Forward-Active Forward Active

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-5

Electrons and Holes in npn BJT

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-6

Electrons and Holes in pnp BJT

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-7

Circuit Symbols and Current Conventions

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-8

Current Relationships

iE iC iB iC iB iE (1 iB ) iC iE

1
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill Chapter 5-9

Common Emitter Common-Emitter Configurations

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-10

Common Base Common-Base Configuration

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-11

Current Voltage Current-Voltage Characteristics of a Common-Base Circuit

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-12

Current Voltage Current-Voltage Characteristics of a Common-Emitter Circuit

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-13

Early Voltage/Finite Output Resistance

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-14

Effects of Leakage Currents on I-V Characteristics

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-15

Effect of Collector-Base Breakdown Collector Base on Common Base I-V Characteristics

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-16

Effect of Collector-Base Breakdown on Collector Base Common Emitter I-V Characteristics

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-17

DC Equivalent Circuit for npn Common Emitter

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-18

DC Equivalent Circuit for pnp Common Emitter

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-19

Load Line

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-20

Problem-Solving T h i P bl S l i Technique: Bipolar DC Analysis

1. Assume that the transistor is biased in forward active mode a. VBE = VBE(on), IB > 0, & IC = IB 2. Analyze linear circuit. ay e ea c cu t 3. Evaluate the resulting state of transistor. a. If VCE > VCE(sat), assumption is correct ( ), p b. If IB < 0, transistor likely in cutoff c. If VCE < 0, transistor likely in saturation 4. If initial assumption is incorrect, make new assumption and return to Step 2.
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill Chapter 5-21

Voltage Transfer Characteristic for npn Circuit

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-22

Voltage Transfer Characteristic for pnp Circuit

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-23

Digital Logic

Inverter

NOR gate

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-24

Bipolar Inverter as Amplifier

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-25

Effect of Improper Biasing on Amplified Signal Waveform

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-26

Single Base Resistor Biasing

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-27

Common Emitter with Voltage Divider Biasing and Emitter Resistor

VTH [ R2 /( R1 R2 )VCC
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill Chapter 5-28

Integrated I t t d Circuit Biasing Bi i

IC IQ

I1 1 1 2

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-29

Multistage Cascade Transistor Circuit

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-30

Multistage Cascode Transistor Circuit

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 5-31