PANITIA BIOLOGY NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

CHAPTER 13 : REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH Multiple Choice Question. For Question 1 to 40, each question is followed by four alternative options A, B, C and D. Choose one correct answer for each question and blacken the corresponding space in your objective answer. . 4.1 1. Gamete Formation. Which of the statements below about reproduction is true. A. B. C. D. 2. Sexual reproduction gives rise to new individuals that are identical to their parents. asexual reproduction in invertebrates occurs only by binary fission. Sexual reproduction produces genetic variations in the offspring. Budding and fragmentation are two types of sexual reproduction.

The formation of the male gametes takes place in A. B. C. D. Ovary Testes Sperm Ovum

3.

The human ovum cell l. ll. lll. lV. A. B. C. D. is formed in the ovary is produced by meiosis Is a diploid cell Fuse with a sperm to form a zygote l, ll and lll l, ll and lV ll, lll and lV l, ll, lll and lV

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4.

In spermatogenesis, the primordial germ cells undergo mitotic division to form A. B. C. D. Spermatogonia Sperm Diploid spermatogonia Haploid spermatogonia

5.

After ovulation, the follicle cells that are left in the ovary form a structure called A. B. C. D. Follicle Corpus luteum Ovum Oocyte

4.2

Role Of Hormones In The Menstrual Cycle Hormone X

DIAGRAM 13.1 6. Diagram 13.1 shows the different levels of hormone X during a menstrual cycle. What is hormone X. A. B. C. D. Oestrogen Progesterone Luteinizing hormone Follicle stimulating hormone.

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7.

Which of the following statements about menstrual cycle is not true A. B. C. D. In most female, a typical menstrual cycle takes about 28 days. During the menstrual cycle, a primary follicle develops to form a graafian follicle. The corpus luteum in the ovary releases progesterone to stimulates the growth and development of blood vessels in the endometrium Follicle stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, oestrogen and progesterone are the hormones that control the menstrual cycle.

DIAGRAM 13.2 8. Diagram 13.2 shows the changes in uterine lining in a women. Which of the following occurs at phase Z. A. B. C. D. 9. The women have miscarriage Endometrium is repaired and thickens. Many blood vessels develop in uterine lining. Menstruation occurs

Ovulation is a process where A. B. C. D. The excess blood and tissue of the endometrium leave the uterus through the vagina. The secondary oocyte is released from the ovary into the fallopian tube. Two nuclei fuse to produce a zygote. The blastocyst attaches to the endometrium of the uterus.

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10.

Menopause is a normal change in a womens life when her menstruation stops. What is the symptoms of menopause. l. ll. lll. lV. A. B. C. D. Sleeping problems Osteoporosis Mood changes. Abdominal pain. l, ll and lll l, ll and lV ll, lll and lV l, lll and lV

4.3 11.

Early Development Of A Zygote In Humans Which of the following shows the development of the human zygote in the right sequence? A. B. C. D. Zygote morula blastocyst embryo Zygote morula embryo blastocyst Zygote blastocyst morula embryo Zygote embryo morula blastocyst

P Q

DIAGRAM 13.3 12. Diagram 13.3 represents part of the female reproductive system. Where does implantation occurs? A. B. C. D. P Q R S

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13.

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of a sperm entering the human female reproductive system. A. B. C. D. Cervix vagina fallopian tube uterus Vagina cervix fallopian tube uterus Cervix vagina uterus fallopian tube Vagina cervix uterus fallopian tube

14.

Two eggs released from an ovary and fertilized by two different sperms will form A. B. C. D. Identical twins Fraternal twins Artificial twins Similar twins.

15.

All of the substances below can pass from the mother to the foetus through placenta except A. B. C. D. Mineral salts Amino acids Nitrogenous waste Red blood cell.

4.4 16.

Contributions Of Science And Technology To Human Reproduction. The statements below refers to a technique used to overcome infertility. For women who have blocked or damaged fallopian tube. Fertilisation takes place in laboratory glassware rather than inside the body. Embryos are injected in the womens uterus to allow implantation to occur. In vitro fertilization injection of FSH Artificial insemination Vasectomy.

The technique used is A. B. C. D.

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17.

Infertility is caused by A. B. C. D. the practice of family planning Low ovum count. Damage in the female fallopian tube. Marriage at a late age.

18.

Sexually transmitted diseases is a disease that A. B. C. D. Is spread from one person to another during sexual contact. Cannot be avoided Is only caused by viruses. Cannot be treated with antibiotics.

19. l.

Sexually transmitted diseases include Syphilis Gonorrhea Hepatitis B AIDS l and ll l, ll and lll l, ll and lV l, ll, lll and lV ll. lll. lV. A. B. C. D.

20.

Below are methods used in family planning, except A. B. C. D. Intrauterine divice Oral contraceptive pills. Artificial insemination Ligation

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4.5 : The Concept Of Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plant 21. After fertilization, an ovule will become A B C D 22. Seed Fruit Ovary Embryo sac

Diagram 13.4 shows the cross section of an ovule. Which nucleus will fuse with the male nucleus to form a zygote.

J K L M

DIAGRAM 13.4 A B C D 23. J K L M

The end products of double fertilization in plants are.. A B C D A triploid zygote and a triploid nucleus. A triploid zygote and a diploid nucleus. A diploid zygote and a diploid nucleus A diploid zygote and a triploid nucleus.

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24.

The embryo of the seedling obtain its food from the.. I II III IV A B C D Radicle Plumule Cotyledon Endosperm I and II only I and IV only III and IV only II, III, and IV only

25.

Which part of the flower does meiosis takes place ? A B C D Anther Sepal Style Petal

4.6 26.

Growth In Multicellular Organisms Which of the following statements are true about growth? I II III IV A B C D It is an irreversible process. It involves an increase in size. There is an increase in organ functions There is an increase in the number of cells II and IV only I, II and III only I, III and IV only I,II,III and IV

27.

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of events in growth? A B C D Cell enlargement, cell division,cell differentiation Cell division,cell differentiation, cell enlargement Cell division,cell enlargement,cell differentiation Cell differentiation,cell enlargement, cell division

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28.

The diagram shows a longitudinal section of a root.

DIAGRAM 13.5 The function of cell in region R is to A B C D 29. absorb water divide actively repair damaged cells develop into xylem and phloem

A cell experience the following changes during growth:

A. B. C. D. 30.

Becomes a mature cell Changes gradually to form a specific cell with certain functions Cell division stage Cell differentiation stage Cell maturation stage Cell elongation stage

This stage of changes is called

Which process contributes to growth in multicellular organism A. B. C. D. Meiosis Mitosis Degeneration Regeneration

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4.7 : The Growth Curve The graph show the change in weight of a cat with time. Based on the graph, answer questions 31 and 32

weight

Time
31. What is the shape of this graph A. B. C. D. 32. Exponential Linear Sigmoid J

What happen at stage R A. B. C. D. A growth rate is slow, only involved the cell division and cell elongation occurs Growth rate slow. Most of the cell have matured and cell division is to replaced dead and worn out cells Growth rate is zero but cell division still occurs Growth rate increases, cell undergoes vigorous cell division and elongation

33.

The process by which insects and other invertebrates change the exoskeleton is A. B. C. D. Ecdysis Growth Primary growth Secondry growth.

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Length of body (mm)

Time (day)
DIAGRAM 13.6 34. Which of the following organism has a growth curve as shown in the A. B. C. D. 35. Earthworm Amoeba Cockroach Coconut tree diagram above

Which of the following is the most accurate parameter of growth A. B. C. D. Height Volume Fresh mass Dry mass

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4.8: 36.

Primary And Secondary Growth In Plants During secondary growth in plant, which tissues gives rise to secondary phloem and xylem A. B. C. D. Apical meristem Vascular cambium Cork Cork cambium

37.

The first stage in secondary growth is the formation of the A. B. C. D. Cambium ring Xylem tissue Phloem tissue Cortex tissue

W X Y Z

DIAGRAM 13.7 38. The diagram shows the cross section of the dicotyledonous stem. Which part develop into secondary tissue after the plant undergoes secondary growth A. B. C. D. W and X W and Z X and Y Y and Z

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39.

Which of the followings are found in the zone of cell differentiation of a shoot tip I. II. III. IV. A B C D Phloem Xylem Sclerencyma Cells with large vacuoles II and IV only I, II and IV only I, II and III only I, II, III and IV

40.

Wood is actually A. B. C. D. Cambium Cortex Secondary Phloem Secondary xylem

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Structured Items Answer all questions. Write your answer in the speces provided in the question paper. 4.1 Gamete Formation 1. Diagram 13.8 shows a schematic diagram of sperm and ovum formation

DIAGRAM 13.8 (a) Name process A, B,C, D, and E Process A: Process B: Process C:

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Process D: Process E: [5 marks] (b) Where does the process of sperm formation occurs? [1 mark] (c) If one of the sperms fertilizes an ovum, what will be formed? [1 mark] (d) Give two differences between sperm formation and ovum formation.

[2 marks] (e) Explain how does the structure of a human sperm helps its function.

[3 marks]

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4.2 2.

Role Of Hormones In The Menstrual Cycle The graph below shows the changes in the hormone levels of four types of hormones which control the menstrual cycle .

Hormone levels/ Arbitrary units

P Q R S

Time/days

(a)

What is menstrual cycle?

[1 mark] (b) Name the hormones labeled P: Q: R: S: [4 marks] (c) State two functions of follicle stimulating hormone in a menstrual cycle.

[2 marks]

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(d)

Give two symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.

[2 marks] (e) Explain the relationship between the level of progesterone hormone and the thickness of the uterus wall/endometrium.

[3 marks] 4.3 Early Development Of A Zygote In Humans

DIAGRAM 13.9 3. Diagram (a) In the diagram, label the structures: l. Secondary oocyte ll. Blastocyst lll. Zygote lV. Uterus [4 marks] (b) Implantation of blastocyst requires endometrium to be thickened with a rich supply of blood vessel. What hormone is needed for this action. 13.9 shows the development of an ovum in the female reproductive system after fertilization.

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[1 mark] (c) In the fallopion tube, the zygote undergoes a series of cell division to produce a solid ball cells called [1 mark] (d) If there is no sperm in the fallopian tube when ovulation occurs, what will happen to the ovum.

[3 marks] (e) The embryo in diagram splits into two identical embryos. What types of twin will be formed. Explain your answer.

[3 marks]

4.4

Contributions Of Science And Technology To Human Reproduction. Stimulating the ovaries

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Extraction of the egg

Incubation and fertilisation

Transfer of embryo into the uterus 4. The sequence above shows one of the technique used to overcome infertility. (a) Name the technique used. [1 mark] (b) When is this technique used? [1 mark] (c) Where does fertilization occurs in the technique mentioned in (a). [1 mark] (d) Name the baby born by this technique [1 mark] (e) When using this technique, the woman receiving the embryo is usually the woman who donated the eggs. In cases when a woman cannot undergoes pregnancy, what should be done to the embryo?

[2 marks] (f) (i) If the sperm counts of a husband is too low, suggests a technique that can be carried out to overcome this impotency problem. [1 mark] (ii) Describe the technique mentioned in (f)(i).

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[ 3 marks] 4.5 : 5. The Concept Of Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plant Diagram 13.10 shows a pollen grain before it is transferred to the stigma.

DIAGRAM 13.10 (a) Name the nucleus in diagram 13.10 [1 mark] The pollen grain is transferred to the stigma of a flower as in a pollination process. It is then left for one day. Diagram 13.11 shows part of the pollen grain obtained.

DIAGRAM 13.11 (b) (i) Name structure X ?

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[1 mark] (ii) Name the nucleus in the space provided in diagram 13.11. [1 mark] (iii). Name the process that occur in the pollen grain as shown in diagram 13.11 ? [1 mark] (iv). Name the solution that stimulates the process in (b).(iii)? [1 mark] (c) (i). In diagram 13.12, draw the growth and the development of structure X until it reaches the embryo sac.

DIAGRAM 13.12 [1 mark] (ii) Name the process that takes place when the nucleus in structure X reaches the embryo sac. [ 1 mark] (iii). Explain the process mentioned in (c ). ii ?

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[2 marks] (d) Describe briefly the development of fruits and seeds in a plant

[ 3 marks ]

4.6 : 6.

Growth In Multicellular Organisms In an experiment to study the growth pattern of an insect, the length of the insects body is measured at certain time intervals. The results obtained are recorded in Table 1 Growth stage Stage 0 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 Adult Time interval of each stage Body length (mm) (days) 150 15 20 20 15 50 250 TABLE 1 (a). Based on table 1 , draw a graph in the space provided to show the growth of the insect. Label the growth stages. [3 marks] 5 25 50 100 130 160 200

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(b).

What is the shape of the insects growth curve? [1 mark]

(c).

From the graph drawn, explain the changes in the body length change at the interval of 0 to 150 days?

[2 marks] (d). What is the name given to the insect offspring at stage 1-5? [1 mark] (e). Name the process that the insect undergoes to enable the growth process to occur. [1 mark] (f). Explain how this process increases the body size.

[3 marks]

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4.7 : 7.

The Growth Curve Diagram 13.13(a) shows the growth curve of a rat and diagram 13. 13(b) shows the growth curve of a cockroach.

Body mass (g) Exponential phase

Maturity phase

Length body (cm)

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

Time (weeks)

Time (days)

(a) DIAGRAM 13.13 (a)

(b)

State the shape of the growth curves shown in diagram 13.13(a) and 13.13(b).

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Growth curve of a rat

: [2 marks]

Growth curve of a cockroach : (b) (i) State phase 1 labeled in diagram 13. 13(a). [1 mark] (ii) describe the growth that occurs in phase I

[2 marks] (c) (i) On figure 13.13(a), mark and label two more phases in the growth curve. [1 mark] (ii) Explain the processes that take place in each phase you have labeled.

[2 marks] (d) (i) What is represented by X in figure 13.13(b)? [1 mark] (ii) Describe what occurs during X.

[2 marks]

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4.8: 8.

Primary And Secondary Growth In Plants Diagram 13.14 shows the longitudinal section of the tip of a dicotyledon shoot and its stem.

DIAGRAM 13.14 (a) Explain the importance of the tissue labeled A.

[2 marks]

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(b)

State the type of growth at the tip of the shoot and at the stem. State its significant changes. (i) At the shoot Type of growth Significant change (ii) At the stem Type of growth Significant change : : [4 marks] : :

(c)

(i)

Name the tissues involved in the growth of stem

[2 marks] (ii) Explain the importance of the type of growth in a stem to a plant

[2 marks] (d) Base on diagram 13.14 draw and label a diagram to show the cross section of stem through C. [3 marks]

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Essay Items Answer all questions 4.1 1. Gamete Formation.

Oogenesis is the process of ovum formation in the ovary

Explain how oogenesis occurs in mammals. [10 marks] 4.2 2. Role Of Hormones In The Menstrual Cycle The menstrual cycle is controlled by a complex interaction of hormones. State all the hormone involved and its function. [10 marks] 4.3 3. Millions of sperms enter the uterus but a few reach the upper part of the fallopian tube and only one sperm fertilizes the ovum. Explain the formation of a zygote and describe the stages in the development of a zygote before implantation occurs. Early Development Of A Zygote In Humans

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[10 marks] 4.4 4. Contributions Of Science And Technology To Human Reproduction. (a) A woman has her uterus removed. If she wants to have a baby with her husband, suggest what she can do. Briefly describe the method suggested. [7 marks] (b) A couple decides to wait for a few years before starting a family. Suggest birth control methods that can be used in a family planning programme. [3 marks] 4.5 : 5, The Concept Of Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plant (a) Diagram 13.15 shows an embryo sac of a plant.

3 antipodal cells

2 polar nuclei Egg cell 2 synergid cells

DIAGRAM 13.15 Describe how an embryo sac is form in the ovule of a flowering plant. [10 marks] (b) Diagram 13.16 shows a longitudinal section of the carpel of a flower during fertilization.

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DIAGRAM 13.15 DIAGRAM 13.16 Describe how the process of fertilization is carried out when the male gametes reach the emryo sac. [6marks] (c) In what ways is fertilization in a plant similar to and different from fertilization in a mammal? [6 marks] 4.6 ; 6. Growth In Multicellular Organisms (a) (b) Define growth. [2 marks] Describe the three stage of growth. [10 marks] 4.7 : The Growth Curve 7. Diagram 13.17 shows the growth curve of a maize plant, using dry mass as a parameter of growth
Dry mass of plant (g)

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C C A B

DIAGRAM 13.17 (a) (b) (c) Explain how the dry mass of maize plants can be measured over a period of time.
Time (day)

[6 marks] [11 marks]

Explain the growth curve of maize plants as shown in diagram 13.17 Explain why dry mass is the most accurate parameter of growth. [3 marks]

4.8: 8.

Primary And Secondary Growth In Plants

In plants, the growth process occurs at the shoot end, root end and stem

(a)

With the help of a diagram, describe the growth process that occurs at the plants root end. [10 marks]

(b)

The dicotyledonous stem carries out secondary growth. What is the purpose of secondary growth in plants? By using your knowledge in biology, write a report to show how the objective of secondary growth is achieved. [10 marks]

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