SEAOSC Slender Wall Task Group Code Comparison Summary

SEAOSC Slender Wall Task Group
UBC 97 and ACI 318-02 Code Comparison

Summary Report
Executive Summary
I ntroduction
Recognizing there have been questions on the differences between the alternate slender wall design procedures
in 1997 UBC and in ACI 318-02, the SEAOSC Board authorized a Task Group to provide a comprehensive
review of the two design procedures. The ACI procedure was adopted by IBC 2000 and subsequent code
editions. As quoted in ACI 318R-02 Commentary Section R14.8, Section 14.8 is based on the corresponding
requirements in the UBC and experimental research of the Test Report by SCCACI-SEAOSC.
This summary report includes review of source documents, code comparison, and background of the design
provisions under UBC and under ACI, respectively. A comprehensive review of the 1980 test data was made in
addition to analytical comparison of sample wall panel design under each of the two procedures. Pursuant to the
comparative design and validation of the original data, a list of findings is presented in the Report. Other design
considerations though not part of the code comparison are discussed in order to encourage further studies by
other groups. The report concludes with recommendations to SEAOSC Board and proposed changes to ACI.
Code Comparison
Under 97 UBC Section 1914.8, the cracked moment is based on f
r
=5 f
c.
; and in ACI 318-02 Section 14.8,
the cracked moment is based on f
r
=7.5 f
c
. This also means that the M
cr (UBC)
=2/3 M
cr (ACI)
in the application
of the two design procedures. In the 97 UBC, a linear interpolation between
cr
and
n
is permitted in obtaining
s
in order to simplify the slender wall panel design for M
s
>5 f
c
I
g
/y
t
. The ACI procedure employs effective
moment of inertia and a magnified moment for the combined moment due to lateral and eccentric vertical load,
also know as the P- effect. Table 1 gives section by section comparison between the alternate slender wall
design procedures.
Review of 1980 Test Data
This Task Group was able to review and re-analyze the original test data. Verification of the 1980 data using
adjusted lateral force and deflection data was performed. The analytical result follows closely with the bilinear
load deflection characteristic. Lateral deflection increases rapidly when the moment exceeds two-third (2/3) of
M
cr
(as defined by ACI). The calculated moments for each of the twelve test panel correlate closely with the
empirical test data. The load deflection curves and plots for the low axial loads versus moment interaction curve
further validate the UBC design procedure. ACI needs to improve its methodology in computing M
u
and I
e
so
that computed results would follow a bilinear load deflection characteristic.
Summary of Findings
Summary of comparative design examples is given on Table 5. Design based on ACI procedure is normally
controlled by strength with service load deflection less than
cr
. ACI procedure significantly under-estimates
service load deflection in comparison to the UBC procedure with increase lateral force and/ or axial load.
Where wall panel design based on ACI procedures meets strength and deflection limit, the corresponding wall
panel calculation based on UBC procedure may exceed the deflection limit.
Recommendations
To calculate service load deflection, use E/1.4 for earthquake forces.
Recommend to appropriate enforcement agencies that adoption of the 2003 IBC provisions on alternate
design of slender wall procedure should incorporate proposed changes to ACI 318-05 Section 14.8.4.
Modification to ACI 318-05 Section 14.8.4 - delete equations (14-8) and (14-9) and the last paragraph in
total, and replace with the following after the first paragraph:

s
=0.67
cr
+(M
s
0.67M
cr
)(
n
0.67
cr
) (M
n
- 0.67M
cr
); for M
s
>0.67M
cr
(14-8)

s
=5 M
s
l
c
2
(48E
c
I
g
) ; for M
s
<0.67M
cr
(14-9)
Send a letter to ACI-318 addressing the concerns in using the ACI alternate design of slender wall
procedure and requesting ACI 318 to correct statements under Commentary R14.8.
SEAOSC Slender Wall Task Group Summary Report (J anuary 2006) Page 1 of 47

SEAOSC Slender Wall Task Group
UBC 97 and ACI 318-02 Code Comparison
Summary Report
Task Group Members: Chukwuma Ekwueme
J ohn Lawson,
Mehran Pourzanjani,
J ames S. Lai, Chair
Bob Lyon (ex-officio)
email: ekwueme@hart.wai.com
email: john@kramerandlawson.com
email: Mehran@sbise.com
email: jslai@sbcglobal.net
email: rlyons@bjase.com
1. Background:
The original code development on alternate slender wall design was introduced into the 1987 UBC
Supplement through efforts of SEAOC Building Code Committee. The provision was based on findings of
J oint SCCACI- SEAOSC Task Committee on Slender Walls pursuant to full scale tests conducted in the
early 1980s on twelve 4 feet wide by 24 feet high concrete wall panels of varying height to thickness ratios
ranging from 30 to 60. [Refer to Test Report on Slender Walls, aka Green Book]. The design
procedure is predicated on control of out-of-plane deflection for serviceability under code prescribed forces
in addition to required moment strength.
2. I ssue:
In 1997 UBC Section 1914.8, the cracked moment is based on f
r
=5 f
c.
; and in ACI 318-02 Section
14.8, the cracked moment is based on f
r
=7.5 f
c
. In the 97UBC, a linear interpolation between
cr
and
n
is permitted in obtaining
s
, the deflection at service load, in order to simplify the slender wall panel design
for M
s
>5 f
c
I
g
/y
t
. The conceptual moment-deflection curve shown in the figure below demonstrates the
intent of the UBC provision. At the ordinate of M
s
>2/3 M
cr
, using the straight line linear interpolation
between
cr
and
n
, UBC procedure gives a higher
s
, deflection under service load, than the corresponding
value based on ACI 318 procedure. When the lower bound is raised from f
r
=5 f
c
to f
r
=7.5 f
c
, the
design of slender wall panels based on ACI procedure may significantly under-estimate service load
deflection.
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:>1 .!..)!5
M. ,f ..- ..- :: ,,,,,,,- - .--
\000
Idealized Momeut-dcOeclion
CIUVI!'
M.

i
UBcn
ACI3U.o2

Mor-7.S \'f'.I,/yt
'"
DcOcctiOll - in.
:\IOInf'llt Dt'Ol'ctioli CmT('
10 II
I ,
\ l
'"

3. Mission Statement
Recognizing there have been questions on the differences between the two design approaches, the
SEAOSC Board authorized a Task Group to provide a comprehensive review of the two design procedures.
In J une, 2005, the Committee set forth to accomplish the following missions:
Document review
Review background of UBC provisions
Review background of ACI provisions
Perform sample calculations on an array of lateral force and axial load combinations
Provide summary of findings
Other design considerations
Recommendations to SEAOSC Board
Proposal for possible code change, if necessary
4. Document Review
Documents reviewed are listed in the reference section. The Green Book, Test Report on Slender Walls
by SCCACI-SEAOSC Task Committee on Slender Walls, 1982 edition, was used as the primary data
resource. Records of the 1980 test and data file were retrieved from archive. An abbreviated summary of
the 1980 test panel properties and test data are given in Tables 6.1 to 6.8. Current draft of Design Guide for
Tilt-up Concrete Structures, ACI Committee 551 was used as the source information on the development of
the ACI design procedure.
5. Code Comparison
Table 1 gives section by section comparison between the alternate slender wall design procedure based on
97 UBC and that based on ACI 318-02. The ACI procedure was adopted by IBC 2000 and subsequent
code editions. As quoted in ACI 318R-02 Commentary Section R14.8, Section 14.8 is based on the
corresponding requirements in the UBC and experimental research of the Test Report by SCCACI
SEAOSC. The ACI Commentary further alleged that the procedure, as prescribed in UBC, has been
converted from working stress to factored load design. This could also imply that the ACI procedure as
written is a direct conversion of UBC procedure. In order to clarify and clearly understand the two
procedures, several examples were used within a range of wall panel thickness, reinforcement ratio, axial
load and lateral forces. Results of the analytical comparison are discussed in Section 9 of this Report.
6. Background of UBC Provisions on Alternate Slender Wall Procedure
Between late 1979 and 1982, a J oint Task Committee including members from the Southern California
Chapter ACI and the Structural Engineers Association of Southern California was organized to study the
design procedure of thin wall panels. Model building codes at that time limited the height to thickness ratio
(h/t) to 25 for bearing walls and 30 for non-bearing walls. However tilt-up wall panels designed with
variable moment of inertia accounting for the influence of axial loads and lateral instability such as P
moment were exempt from the h/t limitation. Non-bearing wall panels were designed with height to
thickness ratio well in excess of 36.
While the 1980 Task Committee members agreed that elastic lateral instability (buckling) might be overly
stated in building codes, the Committee concluded that full scale tests were needed in order to explore the
inelastic behavior of tall slender wall. As a result of this non-profit research during the early 80s., results
of the experimental work were presented in a Test Report on Slender Walls. The test results gave better
understanding in the performance of slender wall panels. There was no evidence of elastic and inelastic out-
of-plane instability for the loading range tested. Subsequently, members of the SEAOC Building Code
Committee authored and submitted proposed code change to ICBO offering an alternate design procedure
for slender wall panels. The methodology emphasized deflection control in addition to strength to assure a

wall of reasonable straightness after a service level loading. Required moment strength under UBC
procedure is based on strength design. The slender wall provision was adopted and first included in 1987
UBC Supplement. During the ICBO code development hearing, the deflection limit of l
c
/100, which was
recommended by the 1980 Task Committee, was changed to l
c
/150. While other minor changes were made
in subsequent code development cycles on distribution of concentrated load, the alternate design procedure
was not affected.
7. Review of 1980 Test Data
This current Task Group was able to review and re-analyze the original test data. All test panels were 24
feet in height and 4 feet in width reinforced with a single layer of 4 #4 reinforcement bars. Analyses
include adjusting the load based on the air bag contact area, the measured panel thickness and location of
flexural reinforcement. Moment is calculated based on the following equation:
M
(test)
=wl
c
2
x 1.5 +P
1
e +(P
1
+P
2
)
Where
M
(test)
=equivalent moment based on test, in-kip
l
c
=panel height, feet
w =applied lateral force on panel, kip
P
1
=applied axial load, kip
P
2
=panel weight at mid height, kip
e =eccentricity of applied axial load, inch
=deflection at mid-height, inch
Results are shown in Figures 1.1 to 1.12. The upper curve shows load-deflection of the test panel, while
the lower curve shows the moment-deflection relationship. On these plots, a factor equal to one (1) was
used. The ordinates for
2
/
3
M
cr
(cracked moment) and M
n
(nominal moment strength) are shown. Lateral
deflection increases rapidly when the moment exceeds
2
/
3
M
cr
. A straight line joining
2
/
3
M
cr
(at 5 f
c
) and
M
n
represents the permissible provision under UBC. The calculated moment-deflection for each test panel
correlates closely with the empirical test data. The deflection limit l
c
/150 is also shown on the plots.
An interaction envelop may be drawn for a range of axial load. The P-M values are calculated for a range
of tensile strain up to 0.0020 based on the measured depths to reinforcement bars in each panel. Plots for
the axial loads versus moment are shown in Figures 2.1 to 2.12. Nominal moment strength at an average
load factor 1.5 times the axial load is shown for reference only. Except for wall panels 22 and 27, the
calculated nominal moment strength is within the P-M envelop. These plots further validate the UBC
design procedure.
An overlay of calculated moment-deflection based on ACI design procedure was studied. The plots for test
panels 22 and 25 are shown in Figure 3.1; and for test panels 19 and 28 are shown in Figure 3.2. Below M
cr
(at 7.5 f c), a straight line is drawn from zero to
cr
for moment within the uncracked segment. The
ordinate for M
u
and
u
are calculated based on ACI equations (14-5) and (14-6) for a range of lateral forces
up to 50 lbs. per square foot and load combination based on ACI Appendix Equation (C-2.) In order to
simulate an idealized bilinear relationship, a horizontal line is drawn from
cr
to intersect with the
calculated value of
u
. It is important to note that the test results did not support the ACI 7.5 f
c
for
modulus of rupture in any of the test panels. Also, the ACI procedure does not appear to correlate with the
1980 test results.
8. Background of ACI Provisions on Alternate Design of Slender Wall
Prior to the ACI 318-99, wall panels subject to combined axial and bending designed under ACI
requirements must resort to second-order analysis in order to account for slenderness effects and lateral
instability in accordance with Section 10.10. ACI Committee 318-D with input from Committee 551

introduced code change CD-121 in 1998. This code change was made in an effort to eliminate differences
between ACI and UBC and in time for the adoption in the IBC 2000. For computing service load deflection
the ACI procedure employs effective moment of inertia and a magnified moment for the combined moment
due to lateral force and eccentric vertical load, also know as the P- effect. Because the effective moment
of inertia and magnified moment are dependent upon each other, some iteration is necessary.
The ACI procedure includes an additional restriction for walls based on the alternate design to be simply
supported with constant cross section over height of panel, and revision of the axial stress limits from
service load stress 0.04 f c to factor load stress 0.06 f c. The latter is the same as applying a load
factor of 1.5 to service load. Within the normal range of load combinations for walls controlled by flexural
tension as currently required by ACI 318-05, the axial load stress will never approach this stress limit.
In developing the equation for the bending stiffness
max
=M
max
/ K
b
where K
b
=9.6 E
c
I
e
/l
c
2
, Committee 551
drew on the similarity of the Euler critical buckling load of P
cr
=
2
E
c
I
e
/l
c
2
=9.87 E
c
I
e
/l
c
2
. ACI adopted the
same equation as UBC for calculation of I
cr
based on a rectangular stress block. However, the Branson
equation for I
e
is used for the calculation of service load deflection.
As an alternative to the second order analysis procedure, ACI Commentary R10.10 and R10.11 explain that
the provisions under sections 10.11 and 10.12 present an approximate design method to account for the
slenderness effect of slender columns based on a moment magnifier. One item lingers on is the 0.75
stiffness reduction factor in the denominators in ACI Equations (14 -5) and (14 -6) and its appropriateness
for slender wall panels. The key question appears the lack of correlation to empirical data. In order to
satisfy an idealized load deflection curve, an equation to express the portion of curve between
cr
and
u
under the ACI procedure would be prudent.
9. Analytical Comparison
Upon reviewing example A from draft document of ACI Committee 551, [Tilt-up Design Guide Examples
Draft No. 4], this Task Group formulated wall panels of similar geometry for comparative analyses using
the UBC and ACI design procedures. Wall thicknesses of 6.25 and 7.25 inches were used for 29.5 feet high
panels; and thicknesses of 5.75 and 6.25 were used for 24 feet high panels. Basic axial loads of 480 lbs. per
foot dead load plus 500 lbs. per foot live load were applied with 3 inches eccentricity. The axial loads were
increased to two times and three times the basic loads in order to explore high axial load parameters.
Lateral forces of 20, 25, 30 and 35 lbs. per square foot were used in combination with each axial load
condition. The reinforcement ratios generally varied between 0.0126 and 0.0162 which were within the
maximum steel ratio of 0.0171 at 0.6
b
. Loading increment for both lateral force and axial loadings were
used in order to obtain the data points for moment-deflection curves.
In order to compare the two procedures similar load factors were used from the UBC and from ACI 318
Appendix C. Results of the comparative study are given on Tables 4.1 to 4.4 for single curtain
reinforcement. Graphic representation of moment-deflection based on the range of calculations for seven
wall panels are shown in Figures 4.1 to 4.4. A summary of the analytical comparative design is given on
Table 5.
ACI 318 defines M
cr
at a modulus of rupture of 7.5f
c
. For the purpose of this Report, the cracked
moment as used in UBC procedure at 5f
c
will be labeled as 2/3 M
cr
. The load deflection characteristic for
the UBC procedure is represented by a straight line from zero to 2/3 M
cr
for the uncracked stage and
another straight line from 2/3 M
cr
to M
n
for the cracked stage. For any given wall panel with reinforcement
approaching the upper limit and with increase lateral force and/ or axial load, ACI procedure significantly
under-estimates the service load deflection in comparison to the UBC procedure. In fact, in most cases, the
service load deflection is less than
cr
.
For two curtains of reinforcement, the Task Group used a 29.5 feet high by 20 feet wide wall panel with a
10 feet wide by 15 feet off center opening. Effective pier width of 4 feet and 6 feet, with thickness of 6.25

inches and 7.25 inches and steel ratios ranging from 0.001 to 0.017, were used in the analytical comparison.
This is similar to Example B under work in progress by Committee 551. Lateral forces of 17, 25 and 35 lbs.
per square foot were used to provide a range of moments and deflections in this study. Results of the
comparative study for double curtain reinforcement are given on Table 4.5. Contrary to the single curtain
described above, the results for service load deflections are much closer between the UBC and ACI
procedures. Nonetheless, the ACI procedure predicts service load deflection lower than UBC procedure.
A summary of all comparative design examples is given on Table 5. The table includes footnotes for
M
u
/ <M
n
; M
u
/ >M
n
;
s

cr
;
cr

s
l
c
/150 and
s
l
c
/150. Of 28 comparative examples for single
curtain reinforcement and 12 comparative examples for double curtain reinforcement, the ACI procedure
shows 20 cases
s

cr
and only one case
s
l
c
/150. Similarly, the UBC procedure shows 2 cases
s

cr
and 19 cases
s
l
c
/150. The significance of this comparative study demonstrates that ACI procedure tends
to under-predict serviceability.
10. Findings
Based on an array of analytical studies and comparison of code provisions, our findings are as follows:
1. Verification of the Green Book (1980 Slender Wall Task Committee Report) data using adjusted
lateral force and deflection data was performed. The analytical result follows closely with the bilinear
load deflection characteristic. Lateral deflection increases rapidly when the moment exceeds 2/3 of M
cr
(as defined by ACI).
2. ACI needs to improve its methodology so that computed results would follow a bilinear load deflection
characteristic observed during full scale testing. There are concerns from other sources researching
appropriateness of I
e
in the traditional Branson Equation for wall panel out-of-plane deflection
calculation.
3. Both design procedures are applicable to walls controlled by flexural tension. The ACI code now
defines tension control based on tensile strain,
t
0.0050.
4. For wall panels with low percentage of reinforcement, panel design based on ACI procedure is
normally controlled by strength with deflection less than
cr
. UBC procedure is more sensitive to out-
of-plane deflection with increase in lateral force and/ or axial load.
5. For wall panels with reinforcement ratio approaching the upper limit, panel design based on ACI
procedure significantly under-estimates service load deflection in comparison to the UBC procedure
and empirical results with increase lateral force and/ or axial load.
6. Where wall panel design is based on ACI procedure meeting strength and deflection limits, the
corresponding wall panel calculation based on UBC procedure may exceed l
c
/150 deflection limit.
7. Designs using two curtains of reinforcement show closer correlation between the two procedures.
8. Control of maximum steel ratio based on tensile strain under ACI 318-05 procedure is appropriate.
9. The requirement for minimum reinforcement of M
n
M
cr
/ is appropriate.
10. factor of 0.90 based on ACI 318-05 Section R9.3.2.2 is appropriate.
11. Load factors and load combinations should be based on generally accepted load factors from model
code (ASCE 7-05.)

12. Change of P
a
/A
g
<0.04f
c
to P
u
/A
g
<0.06f
c
for maximum stress at mid-height does not impact design
by either procedure since the normal range of axial load for slender wall does not approach the limit. In
order to comply with tension controlled requirement, the normal range of axial loading will be
substantially below the prescribed maximum stress level.
13. Approach for cracked moment of inertia (I
cr
) is the same for both Codes.
14. Serviceability requirement of
s
<l
c
/150 (or 0.007 l
c
) based on service load is the same for both Codes.
The limit was apparently set by Building Officials. However, it does not appear the ACI procedure
would exceed
cr
within the range of most loading and load combinations.
15. Seismic force prescribed on the strength basis will need to be divided by a load factor of 1.4 for
equivalent service load calculations. Further code development for strength design force level should
review the appropriate load factor for conversion to service load in serviceability check in addition to
the appropriate inclusion of dead, floor and roof live loads.
16. In the ACI equations (14-5) and (14-6) for
u
and M
u
, the 0.75 stiffness reduction factor tends to
increase the required moment strength rapidly. The alternate slender wall design procedure includes
the P- effect; and it would appear further softening of the cracked moment of inertia is unnecessary.
17. In order to be consistent with ACI traditional modulus of rupture of f
r
=7.5 f c and M
cr
=f
r
S, the
corresponding cracked moment in 97UBC should be limited to 2/3 M
cr.
For service load deflection, the
UBC procedure should be revised to:
s
=0.67
cr
+(M
s
0.67M
cr
) (
n
0.67
cr
) (M
n
- 0.67M
cr
)
18. The following statements in ACI commentary R14.8 are found questionable and should be corrected:
Section 14.8 is based on the corresponding requirements in the UniformBuilding Code (UBC) and
experimental research and
The procedure, as prescribed in the UBC, has been converted fromworking stress to factored load
design.
11. Other Design Considerations
All engineering design includes considerable judgment in applying practical research and past experience.
Building code provisions may not fully cover all design parameters. Some of those other design
considerations that were discussed within this Task Group include the following:
Effective Area of Steel Traditionally, A
se
=A
s
+P/f
y
. A unique problem in a double curtain wall
is that the axial load modeled at the center of the wall is being used to increase the steel near the
face of the wall, where its benefit is much greater than in reality. This tends to increase I
cr
and thus
help to reduce the calculated deflection and increase the nominal moment capacity. Further
clarification is needed for double curtain wall reinforcement.
Service level deflection the model codes in other countries and practice in some parts of the
United States are using deflection limitation of l
c
/100 as was recommended in the Green book.
While the original research showed no lateral instability for thin wall panels under combined light
axial load and large lateral forces, the enforcement agencies felt more comfortable with the more
restrictive deflection limit of l
c
/150 particularly in consideration of other brittle building materials.
This Report does not address the validity or usefulness of service level deflection limit, except as
an index in comparison of the design procedures. Parallel research is needed in service load
deflection in order to justify different deflection limits.

Location of rebar and tolerance location of reinforcement sometimes is predicated on availability
of commercial rebar chairs and the correct location of bars in orthogonal directions. ACI-318
permits 3/8 inch tolerance for d 8 inches. Engineers should review if such tolerance would
satisfy the design on thin panels. Construction observation should include the verification of
reinforcement bar location.
End condition versus simply support ACI 318 puts emphasis under design limitations the
importance of design based on simply supported wall panels regardless of end fixity. While some
fixity may be realized either due to continuity of wall panels at the floor lines or fixity at a dock
height wall panels, the inclusion of such end fixity to reduce service load deflection may be an
academic exercise and should be based on further research.
Effectiveness of Branson equation there has been questions on the suitability of using the
Branson equation, ACI Equation (9-8) for the computation of effective moment of inertia. One
academia from Canada pointed out that the equation may not work well for concrete members
with an Ig/Icr ratio greater than about 4. Using Bransons method (I
e
) to calculate service load
deflections in slender walls, particularly with single layer of reinforcement may significantly
underestimate service level deflection. An improve methodology to replace the Bransons equation
for slender wall deflection calculations is currently understudy and is not available at this time.
Roof live load under service load combination, model codes allows exclusion of roof live less
than 30 lbs. per sq. ft. when combination with wind or seismic forces. ACI 318 does not address
whether such exclusion is permitted under load combination.
12. Recommendations to SEAOSC Board
To calculate service load deflection, use E/1.4 for earthquake forces.
Recommend to appropriate enforcement agencies that adoption of the 2003 IBC provisions on
alternate design of slender wall procedure should incorporate proposed changes to ACI 318-05
Section 14.8.4 listed under Section 13 below.
Send a letter to ACI-318 addressing the concerns in using the ACI alternate design of slender wall
procedure for service load deflection and requesting ACI 318 to correct the statements in
Commentary R14.8.
13. Proposed Changes to ACI
The following are proposed revision to ACI 318-05
14.8.4 Delete equations (14-8) and (14-9) and the last paragraph in total, and replace with the following
after the first paragraph:

s
=0.67
cr
+(M
s
0.67M
cr
)(
n
0.67
cr
) (M
n
- 0.67M
cr
); for M
s
>0.67M
cr
(14-8)

s
=5 M
s
l
c
2
(48E
c
I
g
) ; for M
s
<0.67M
cr
(14-9)
Where
cr
=5(M
cr
) l
c
2
(48 E
c
I
g
)
n
=5(M
n
) l
c
2
(48 E
c
I
cr
)

14. Acknowledgement
In preparing this report, the 2005 Slender Wall Task Group attempted to do a thorough search of available
reference sources. Each Task Group member has performed and contributed to this analytical research and
the summary report. The Task Group wishes to acknowledge several individuals who assisted in furnishing
material for our analytical research efforts. Luis Garcia who is current chairperson of ACI-318 D was
gracious to forward the original ACI code change CD121 and the analysis by Committee 551. Gerry Weiler
who was chairperson of ACI 551 when ACI 318 was converting the 97 UBC slender wall section to ACI
format furnished material showing the comparison of the earlier analysis as well as portions of the current
Tilt-up Design Guide. Professor Peter Bischoff of the University of New Brunswick, Canada, shared some
of his recent findings on the ACI deflection equations. Other individuals including Messer Neil Hawkins,
Robert Mast, Basile Rabbat and Charles Salmon have also kept this Task Group informed.
The Task Group is indebted to the vigorous efforts of members of the 1980 J oint Task Committee and
those volunteer workers who devoted two years of their professional lives on the test program and report
assignments. We hope this Report serves as a closure to the earlier research efforts that continue to serve
the design profession and construction industry in future years. To the memories of those J oint Task
Committee members who have since deceased including Ralph Mclean, William Simpson and Ulrich Foth,
we dedicate this summary report.
15. References
1. ACI Committee 551, Tilt-Up Construction Guide- ACI 551.1R-05, American Concrete Institute,
Farmington Hills, MI, 2005.
2. ACI Committee 551, Tilt-Up Design Guide Examples Draft No. 4, American Concrete Institute,
Farmington Hills, MI, April, 2005.
3. ACI Committee 318-02, Building Code Requirements for Structural concrete and Commentary,
American Concrete Institute, Farmington, MI, 2002.
4. ACI Committee 318-05, Building Code Requirements for Structural concrete and Commentary,
American Concrete Institute, Farmington, MI, 2005.
5. SCCACI-SEAOSC Task Committee on Slender Walls, Test Report on Slender Walls, Los Angeles,
CA, 1982
6. UniformBuilding Code, Volume 2, Structural Engineering Provisions, International Conference of
Building Officials, Whittier, CA 1997.

16. Appendix
Page
Table 1 - Comparison of Slender Wall Design Procedures UBC vs. ACI 11
Figure 1.1 - Load-Deflection and Moment Deflection Plots for Test Panel No. 19 12
Figure 2.1 - Interaction Diagram for Test Panel No. 19 24
Figure 3.1 - Comparison ACI and UBC Procedure for Test Panel Nos. 22 and 25 28
Figure 3.2 - Comparison ACI and UBC Procedure for Test Panel Nos. 19 and 28 29
Figure 4.1 - Comparative Design Procedure Plot for Task 4 -03.0 and Task 4 03.1 30
Figure 4.4 - Comparative Design Procedure Plot for Task 4 -03.6 33
Table 4.1 - Comparative Example Tasks 4 - 03.0 and 4 - 03.1 34
Table 4.4 - Comparative Example Tasks 4 - 03.6 37
Table 4.5 - Comparative Example Tasks 4 - 04.0 and 4 - 04.1 with Double Curtain Reinforcement 38
Table 5 - Summary of Comparative Examples 39
Table 6.1 - Summary of 1980 Test Panel Properties 40
Table 6.2 - Summary of 1980 Test Panel Test Results 41
Table 6.3 - Summary of 1980 Test Panel Data (Panel Nos. 19, 22) 42
Table 6.4 - Summary of 1980 Test Panel Data (Panel Nos. Panels 20, 23) 43
Table 6.5 - Summary of 1980 Test Panel Data (Panels Nos. 21, 24) 44

SEAOSC
Slender Wall Task Group
Appendix
Table 1 Comparison of Slender Wall Design Procedures UBC vs. ACI
Section
Reference
Topic 1997 UBC ACI 318-02
1914.8
ACI 14.8
Title Alternate Design Slender Walls Alternative design of slender walls
1914.8.1
1910.10
ACI 14.8.1
ACI 10.10
Applicable in lieu of
consideration for
slenderness effects as a
compression member
Walls controlled by flexural tension Walls controlled by flexural tension
1914.8.2
ACI 14.8.1
ACI 14.8.2
Limitations Design as simply supported axial loaded
member subjected to uniformed lateral force;
Constant cross section over height of panel
1914.8.2
ACI14.8.2.6
Maximumaxial stress at
mid-height Vertical service load stress <0.04 f c Vertical stress Pu / Ag <0.06 f c
1914.8.2
ACI14.8.2.3
Maximum
Reinforcement ratio
<0.06 b
<0.06 b ACI 318-02
t >0.0050 ACI 318-05
1914.8.2
ACI14.8.2.4
Minimumreinforcement
Mn >Mcr Mn >Mcr
1914.8.2
ACI
14.8.2.5
Concentrated load Bearing width plus width at slope of 2 V to 1 H Bearing width plus width on each sideat slope
of 2 V to 1 H;
Not to exceed spacing of conc. Load
1909.2.2
1612.2.1
ACI 9.2.1
Or ACI
Appendix
C.2
Basic load combinations 1.4D +1.7L
0.75 (1.4D +1.7L +1.7W)
0.9D +1.3W
1.2D +1.0E +(f1L +f2S)
0.9D +1.0E
1.2D +1.6(Lr or S) +(0.8W)
1.2D +1.6W +1.0L +0.5(Lr or S)
1.2D +1.0E +1.0L +0.2S
0.9D +(1.0E or 1.6W)
Note: without Directional Effect use 1.3W in
place of 1.6W
1909.3.2.2
ACI
R9.3.2.2
- factor 0.90 2.0Pu / f c Ag >0.70 OR
0.70 +(1-Pu/0.10f cAg) (0.90 -0.70)
0.90 when t >0.005
0.65 + ( t -0.002)(250/3) when t <0.005
ACI318-05
1014.8.3
ACI 14.8.3
Design moment strength Mu < Mn Mn>Mu
1914.8.3
ACI 14.8.3
Required factored
moment
Mu =wu lc
2
x1.5+Pu1 e/2 +(Pu1 +Pu2) n Mu=Mua +Pu u OR
Mu =Mua[1 5Pulc
2
(0.75)48EcIcr]
1914.0
ACI 9.5.2.3
Cracking moment for
normal weight concrete Mcr =5 f c Ig / yt Mcr =7.5f c Ig / yt
1914.8.4
14.0
ACI 14.8.4
Service Load moment
Ms =wlc
2
x1.5+P1 e/2 +(P1 +P2) s
Msa =wlc
2
x1.5+P1 e/2
M =Msa +(P1 +P2) s
=Msa [1-5Pslc
2
/48 EcIe]
1914.8.4
14.8.3
Effective tension
reinforcement Ase =(Pu +Asfy) fy Ase =(Pu +Asfy) fy
1914.8.4
ACI 14.8.3
Moment of inertia of
cracked transformed
section
Icr =n Ase (d c)
2
+bc
3
/ 3
Icr =n Ase (d c)
2
+lw c
3
/ 3
Icr =(Es/Ec)(As+Pu/fy) (dc)
2
+lw c
3
/ 3
ACI 318-05
14.8.4
ACI 9.5.2.3
Effective moment of
inertia

Ie =(Mcr/M)
3
Ig +[1- (Mcr/M)
3
] Icr
1914.8.4
ACI 14.8.3
Deflection at Mcr
cr =5 Mcr lc
2
48EcIg
NA
ACI 14.8.3
Deflection due to
factored load NA
u =5 Mu lc
2
[(0.75)48 EcIcr]
1914.8.4 Max. potential
deflection
n =5 Mn lc
2
48EcIcr
NA
1914.8.4 Deflection due to
cracking moment
cr =5 Mcr lc
2
48EcIg
1914.8.4
ACI 14.8.4
Deflection at Service
Load
s =cr +(MsMcr)(ncr) (Mn Mcr) s =(5M) lc
2
48EcIe
1914.8.4
ACI 14.8.4
Permissible service load
deflection
s =lc / 150 s =lc / 150
Note: Editorial changes in ACI 318-05 are highlight.

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Appendix
Figure 2.1 I nteraction Diagram for Test Panel No. 19
SEAOOC- P/f'A P M M &,
S'leJ!llierWaJ! Tm.Gro:ap O. 0 238 19.9 0.0336
De>o'<! Dp irnItern.ction C1J!['\'e 0.0005- 1 2 2 2Q. 0.0330
\VaHlNo. 19 P 0.001 2 246 2'0.5 0.0324
67..5 ksi lap 0.0054 10 2 8 21.2 0.0'l II
f'o := .0 ksi 0.0109 20 319 26.6 0.0236
E, .= 28,6110 ksi 0.0271 50 438 36.5 (W159
E
tl
:= 15 ksi 0.05 92 59 49.5 OJ)l04
."l,,'= 0.196 sqiu.. 5iP' .]0 185 935 n9 0.0052
11 .= 9. 0.. 03 1 952 793 1)-,00510
1..- .= .0 0.]5 2T7 120 10Q 0.0029
P .= 36 kip ciDO 0.1&2 336 1350 ]]2.5 1)-,001:0
P/J\= 0.016 ksi M kipill ktpfurl
1:76 ll;ipfurl
So
"m

&,
Box ),
SE.'!.OOC- 50 Pff'A P
SteElier Wall Ta.s};, Grolllp 0.0 0
irnItern.ctioll curve O. 005- 1
\Va No. 10 P 0.001 2
6..5 ksi lap .0055 10
f'a .0 ksi 25 .0lll 2.0
E,= 28,6llO ksi 0.<:f176 50 452
35 ksi 12
A,= 0.1!l' sqiu. .0 181 933
11 .= 9, in 0.106 192 0 80.. 8
1),,00510
1..-= 48.0 iin 0.15 271 1204 0.3 .0030
P= 36 kip 400 ciOO 0.1&6 336 136 ]4.0 00.002:0
P/J\ = 0.016 ksi M kip-ill ktp-iu kip-ft
276
So
"m

Box 2
),
SEAOOC- 50 P/f'A !' M M &,
Slemler Wall Tl!!d. Gro:ap 0.0 0 237 19. 0.0334
De>o"'_Dp irnItern.ction am'e 0.0 5 1 2 1 2Q.0 0.032:8
"":In
'0. n
p
o. 1 2 2 '2'0. 0.0322
6..5 ksi J.cip 0.0055 10 2 9 23.3 0.0'2 6
f'o := .0 ksi 25 0.0109 2.0 321 26.8 0.0234
E,= 28,6110 ksi 0.0274 50 17.0 .0157
E,,= 35 ksi .OS 91
-
.3 .0104
"l,,= 0.196 sqiu.. .5P .10 183 921 76. 0.0052
11= 9.50 iin 0.03 188 93 78. Il)iJ){)50
1... = 48.0 in 0.15- 274 1186 98.8 .0029
p= 5,97 kip 400 600 O. lro 32.9 1321 10..1
1),,001:0
P/J\ = 0.013 ksi M kip-ill ktpin kip-ft
'rt6
So
"r::!=--1.

Bl!I .
2 ),

Appendix
50 P M M :5;1
SleltderW Ta.3l.Grolllp 0 209- 7. 0.0292
imteracti.all cm:v!! 1 211 7.6 0.02;B:S
\\1 [No. 12 P 1 21 7.8 0.02:&4
Icip 10 246 205 0.0241
ksi 25 2 283 n.6 0.02
fila := ksi 50 39 J;;.5 0.013
E,= 211, ksi ' 1 462 Ja5 0.0108
35 ksi UP 14 6ll -7.0 0.0057
A" = 0.196 sqill. 159 733 61, 0,00I5(I
!J.= .40 iwl 0 2115 1035 8-6.3 0.0021
lw= 48.0 iwl 0 m 1050 87.5 0,0020
p= 5..9'7 kip kip-ill kEpimJ kip-ft
PI1\ = 0.017 ksi
S.

1"

S,
Bi!r 3
SEAOSC- 50 Plf'A !> M M s,
Sleltder Wall Ta.sk Oro'llp 0.0 0 166, U8 0.0'2.29
ilrtencti.all 0.0005 1 1611 ]4.0 0.0'2.25
Wa No. B P 0. 1 1 1
]4. 0.0'2.2.2
67.5 ksi J.tip 0.0071 10 195 16.3 .oure
'1:1 := ..0 ksi 2.5 0.0142 20 22 la. 0.0158
E,= 211,600 ksi 0.0354 50 306
-
5 .0103
E,,= 35 ksi .05 1 360 30.0 0.0081
,!;,,= 0.196 sqiu.. 0.09 1 4 II 319.8 0',0049
h= 34 iim UP 0.10 141 52 41.6 0.0041
lw= 48.0 iim 0 0.60 2.2.6 6110 56. 0',0019
p= 5.97 kip 0 400 0.20 282 760 6H 0.0011
PI 1\ = 0.017 ksi kip-in kEpira kip-ft
235 kEpimJ
u..- S.
.d==--1"
-I,
c.

" \A.
s,
Bsr 3
- 50 P/f'A P M ::;1
S1eltderW Th3l.Grolllp 0. 0 19.3 0.032-6
!}eT;'l! op ilrtencti.all run'!! 0.0005 1 195 0.0321
W [No. 1 P 0.001 1 19.8 0.0317
6,5 ksi Icip 0.0070 10 22, 0.0270
fila = .0 ksi 25 0.0141 26.- 0.02:29
E,= 211,.600 ksi

0.0352 36.. 0.0153
E,,= 35 ksi 0.05 0.0122
.,!;,,= O.L sqiu. 0.10 63.9 O.
!J.= .38 iwl 0.. 2:& 45 0.00."0
lw= 48 m. 0.200 9a. 0.002
P= 1l.12 kip, 400 600 023 106.. 0.0020
0.023 ksi M kip-in kip-ft
235 kEpiim
S.
.d==--1"
1
-
S,
Bi!r 3

Appendix
SEAOOC- .50 P/f'A
p
M
Sl.el!Ilil!r Wall 'Fm Goomp 0.0 0 HIS 0.0261
])e1;.e op iJirtemctio:!l cmn 0.0005 1 190 0.0258
WalNo. 25 P O. 1 1 19'2 0.025.5
67.3- ksi klip 0.002 2 19'5 0.0249
f'o := .0 ksi 2.5 0.008.5 10 221 0.0215
B, ,= 2S,6OO ksi .1'.'1,. 0.0170 2'5 0,0181
E
e
,= 15 ksi 0.0424 50 39 0.0120
."t,,= 0.196 sqiu. 1.5P CUO 113 .5 3 0.0060
h= (5'.13 in 0.. 18 1.39 .59S 0,0050
!w ,= ..0 in 0 20 236 81 0.0023
P ,= .32 kip
40O 0215 254 114 OA)(I1.o

Pf1\= 0.025 ksi M kip-ill kfpin

207
-rn
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SEAOOC- .50 P M 1:
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0.0116 0.0116 0.0116 0.0126 O.Ol26 O.OIH O.OlJ 7 O.OIH 0.Oll7 0.01l7
Moximum S,..I RollO 06p" 0.0171 0.0171 0.0171 0.0171 0.0171 0.0171 0.0171 0.0171 o.om 0.0171
Foct<nd Ax,.l Lood
'.
h, 37.1 37.1 37.1 37.1 37.1 l!4 l2A l1.4 l1.4 31.4
A,"ft1Ig<" Axial Srr."
""
h, 0.033 O.Oll o.on 0.03l O.Oll
""
0.031 O.Oll 001i 0.031
Effoe,iY' S... I AJu A.
,
7684 7.68 7.68 7.6B 7.6B
"
7.61 7.61 761 7.61
Momoot SlrOogtb
"-
lo_m
1267 1167 1167 1167 1267 IUl 1141
- 0.90

lo_,o ... 1212

1789 2077 121 0;;
""
918
Slf""g,b
''-
,.
,,.
,@,
1610 1870
""
,eo
'"
%,
C"chd Mom..."
''-
lo_m
,,. ,,. ,,. ,,. ,,.
"" ""
470
"" ""
Soni<:. Lo.d Mo......' M,
lo_,o
219 418
'"
M>
'"
no lSS m 421 no
m 7.636 14.98 nil lHB

"
6.40 1.88 9.H 10.86
'"
..
"'
0.40 0.40 OAO
S.,-yi<:. Lo.d Don..,hotl
,
m 0.117 0.92 L71 0.2 O.lO 0.31 OA6
0011..,110. Limit
,'W
.. 2.360 1.l6 1.36 l.36 1.36
"
1.91 1.91 1.91 1.91
8.,.d liBC 97 Prl><N1on
L.,."I For"" w
"
lS
'" " '" " '" " Axial Lo.d at mid-b<,sb'
"
h, 3l.7 H.7 H.7 33.7 29_l 19.3 19.3 19.3
A,"ft1Ig<" utal .rr."
'J"
h, 0.030 0.030 0.030 O.OlO 0.028 0.028 0.018 0.018
Effoe,iY' S... I AJu
A"
,
7.68 7.68 7.6B 7.6B 7.61 7.61 7.61 7.61
Momoot SlrOogtb
''-
lo_m
1167 1167 1167 1267 1141
- 0.90

lo_,o
lln 1184 14n
"M
m
'"

R<qlluNi Slf""g,b
"-
lo_m
IIH
M'
".
m ...
Crochd Mom..." 213 M
o
lo_m m m m m
'" '" '" '"
Soni<:. Lo.d M.....", M,
,.
""

'"
1039
'"
m
"" '" ,
.. 9.61 9.61 9.61 9.61
21l !I. m 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.26 0.26 0.16 0.16
Soni<:. Lo.d Don..,hotl
,
m ,.u 1 7.16 9.81 0.26 0.94 1.03 3.11
Doll..,,,o. Limit
V'W
.. 1.36 1.36 1.36 1.36 1.91 1.91 1.91 1.92

, 6 1 , 6 1
6 9 > B f [
K O K O
. 8 8 . 8 8
W L . 1 9
H [ H [
0 1 f l a l l
0 1 < ; ] ' 1 t !
l H l l H l
B t 8 B t 8
L . O O [ < ; 0 0
( - 1 ' 9 [ " 1 ' 9
S f O f
, 6 1
0 0 '
K O
. 8 S

' "
> t ( ]
O < : [ ]
l H l
u s
[ < ; 0 0
, W
"
< : 6 1
n o
n o
. s s
E (
E (
' 0 0 '
< ; ( l l
l H l
8 < S
H O - O
f " t 9
" '
< : 6 1 < : 6 " 1 , 6 " ( , 6 " 1
< ; < ; [ ' W l L n 8 [ " 0
9 1 0 9 l - 0 9 [ - 0 9 [ - 0
8 1 0 1 8 1 0 1 8 1 0 1 S I 0 1
t . 9 I t . S e t 9 1 [
t I ( t l f t ! [ t I [
t f l l 1 . 0 1 6 9 6 9 ' . l 8
t 6 l 1 O O l l 9 0 1 1 1 1 0 1
O t ( 1 o t ( l o t [ l o t [ l
" 6
< : 1 1 Y O

"
" - 6
< : t o - O
O t t
" '
n - 6
< : t o - O
O t t
H
, [ " 6
, t I r O
O - t v
"
, 6 1 , 6 1 , 6 1 < : 6 1 < : 6 1 < : 6 1 < : 6 " 1 , 6 " ( , 6 " 1 6 1
9 [ 0 [ f 0 a o f l O 1 1 0 8 . 0 8 [ - 0 ( [ - 0 9 [ - 0 l O
9 f O 9 [ 0 9 [ 0 9 [ 0 9 [ 0 o t O o t - O o t - O ( l I ' O t o
S C 9 1
' "
' "
. 9 S 1
U O <
l H l
B t 8
< ; ( t (
' " '
' "
[ f 9 1
t 1 8 1
l H l
B < : 8
c U I
' "
' "
6 6 [ ]
< ; 1 ; < ; 1
l H l
U S
B I O I
e n
' "

. W
l H l
8 < S
' S t

' "
' "
. "
1 . [ ]
8 , S
[ O f l ( [ ( ] 1 9 - 6
H . o . t , S f
O L t O L t O L t
9 S l 1 L 1 1 1 S t 6
6 l t l l t Z I t , O I
O t ( 1 o t ( l o t [ 1
" 6 ; : r - 6 n - 6
< ; 9 0 0 . 9 0 0 . 9 0 0 . 9 0 - 0 . 9 0 - 0 8 1 1 ) " 0 8 t O - 0 8 t O - 0
H L H L H L l " f L l " f L ' 6 t ' 6 t < ; 6 t
l L 1 0 - 0 l L l 0 - 0 H I O - O H l 0 - 0 l L 1 0 - 0 l L 1 0 0 E 1 0 0 ] [ 1 0 0
9 1 : 1 0 - 0 9 < : 1 0 - 0
( l [ ( l [
9 9 1
' "
" . [ 9
"
"
9 # 9 1
' "
"
. < : 9
"
" '
9 < : 1 0 - 0
( l [
9 a 9 1
' "
"
> < : 9
t ,
"
9 < : 1 0 - 0
[ l [
9 # 9 1
' "
"
> < : 9
"
" '
9 < 1 0 - 0
[ l [
9 9 1
' "
"
> < : 9
"

< : 9 1 0 0
8 H
9 6 1
' "
"
. n
"
"
< : 9 1 0 0
8 H
9 6 1
' "
"
. n
"
" ' n o - t n O - t n O - t [ f O o t [ f O o t < : f O o t < : f O o t
< : 9 1 0 0
S 8 " [
9 6 1
' "
" < ; n
"
H
( f O - t

m
' "
" "
" .

, r 6
s l 1 r o
< ; - 6 V
] [ 1 0 0
< : 9 1 0 0
S H
9 F 6 1
" T
" < ; n
"
" < : f O o t
t i o . n + 1 8 C 1 ' 0 ' 0 - 1 - n ; : " . : J p . 0 " l
n
' "
O L t
8 9 t
" "

"
" " < ; - 6 V
m o o
, 9 1 0 0
S H
9 6 1
' "
" < ; n
" S O I
n o - v
m o o n
m ,
m D V f l l
m "
' 1 ' 1
f J < :

, m " Y
' Y l ' d
d l l l d
J o d _ "
" " " 1 u O " > 0 1 / ' O
" " " > O I I > ( J P ' ' ' 1
P ' ' ' 1

0 6 - 0 - .
" ' ' ' ' ' 0 1 ' 1
< > . I Y I 1 S ' ' ' ' ' > 0 1 1 ]
. . . . . " I ' ' ' ' ' Y
' ' I i ' > < J " 1 ' ' ' ' ' ' " P , , 0 1 1 < u y
' > . > 0 1 1 " " ' "
u m p . > , o ' d L 6 : ) 1 I ! l u o P " ' S
m O > l n
m ,
m " "
m "
' 1 ' 1

o q

, m " Y
' .
' .
m
m
" m
"

' Y t ' d
"
' < l 9 - 0
,
,

,
,
,

" " " 1 u O " > 0 1 / ' O
" " " > O I I > ( J P ' ' ' 1
P ' ' ' 1

0 6 0 - .
, 0 = 0 1 ' 1
I 1 S ' ' ' ' ' l I ]
, , " " S Y
I ' " " 1 1 " ' ' ' Y p > . J O l " " l
o " " ' l I l " ' S " " ' m l n l ' l

A i " " , , , , , , ]

' ' ' < q > ' ' I l l > 1 ' ' ' d
l > 1 ' ' ' d
' > . > 0 1 1 " " ' "
, . ,
. . n p . . . . ' d ; : 0 - 1 1 1 D Y u o P ' ' " S
f o - t ' l " . l - " ' 0 " " " 0 ] 0 ' 1 ' : ) J O , ( , . . m " " , S
O O U l O d m O : ) > ' P " : )
0 0 0 1 9 ' l " . l U " 1 \ \ . - ' > \ 1 " ' 1 5
: > S O Y ] 5
Appendix
SEAOSC Slender Wall Task Group Summary Report (J anuary 2006) Page 35 of47
SEAOSC
Sl<wl<r waU T.!ok GrQ"P
Co&. Co_rison
Summ.aly ofCakut.,j"" D... _T.!ok _Ol Lo.d C.,. 1 u-
B.,.d om AClllB_01 Prodo..
M .J-Ol.2 .J-Oll
Lat...1 w
.'
10,8
"
lS
'" " " " " '" "
Pon<l H"Sbt
,
,
" " " " " " " " " "
P....I Tbid:n...
,
m 6.n 6.n 6.n
P....l
, ,
" " " " " " " " " "
E<co"lri<i'y

m '.00 '00 '.00 '.00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00
_.
19/16 19/16
19 *6 19 *6 19 *6 16 *6 16 *6 16 *6
16 ;, 6 16 ;; 6
_.,
,
.. 1.8& 2.S& 2.&& 1.&& 2.&& l.U l.ll l.13 l.U l.U
SIMIRotlo
,
0.0162 0.0162 0.0162 0.0162 0.0162 0.0116 0.0116 0.0126 0.0126 0.0116
Maximum 5,...1ROllO 0.6..- 0.0ll! 0.0171 0.0171 0.0171 0.0171 0.0171 0.0171 0.0171 0.0171 0.0171
Foe",,-od .-u..l Load
'.
b, HI 7l.l 73.1 73.1 73.1
AHI"g< Axi.1 Sir... PJA, I<>i
""
0-'>4& 0.W8 O.OM 0.065
EfftiH A.
,
"
9.11 9.11 9.11 9.11 81& 8.28 8.2S &.28 8.1S m
Mo""""t S...."gtb
'<
k_l"
"'" "'" "'" "'"
Inl U51
+- 0.90
W+
k-,,,

INl 1419
""
11% on 1814 11m
Roqw,-od SIr""gtb
'<
k_m
""
m
""
1117 1186
,,.
lJ99 16Jl 1865
Cnchd MCfI1<11'
'C
k_m
""
470
""
470
""
,,. ,,. ,,. ,,. ,,.
s.r,'ico Load Memon' M,
k_m
'" '"
l&2 450
'"
m
'"
'"' '"
m
"
m 9.61 llJl B.Ol 1O.l8 1112 16.1&
'"
m
"'
0.'" 0'" 0.'" 0'"
0.l6 0.l6 0.l6 0.l6 0.l6
s.r,'ico Load o.noetl""

m 0.1 0.26 O.H 038 0.5& O.ll OB 017 Oll 0.l6
D.noetlOn Limit VIIO 111
"
1.92 1.91 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.91 1.91 1.92
B.,.d om UBC 97 PTo,rogn
La1<....1 w
.'
" " '" " " " '" "
Axial Lo.d Ol mid-bo,gj>'
"
b,
M' M.' M' M.'
nal 'b... PIA, lai 0.W2 0.042 0.042 O.Wl 0.051 0.051 0.051
Effti,.. SIMI .......
A.
,
9.11 9.11 9.11 9.11 818 818 8.28 &.1S m
Mo"",,'" S,,-...,gtb M.
k_m

"'" "'"
1151
+- 0.90

k_m
1011 UM 1100 lJ20 1510
Req";,-od Sb""g,b
'<
k_ln

1051 llH W61 ll41 un BIO
C,,<kc-d Mom..." 1/l M" k_m
'" '"
'"
'"
m m m m
s.r,'ico Load Memon' M,
k_m
no m
M'
." m

'"
'M
m 10.1& 10.1& 10.1& 1O.l8 &.&1 8.81

YJ 111 0.16 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.14 0.14
Lo.d o.noeh""

m 0.2& 1.37
'"
O.H
'00
138 l.69
o.noeben Limit VI j(} In 1.92 1.91 1.91 1.91 1.92 1.92 1.91 1.92

SEAOSC
SI<n.s..- W.U r.!ok Group
co&. Comparison
SummM)' ofCakut.l;OO D ... _ r.!ok Lo. d C.,. ! u -
B.,.d OR AClllB_O! Prod". ....
M 4_0H 4_034 4_0D 4-OD
,
,
,

,
,
lU
29.5
6_15
" ;00
21 6
3_B
"
N'
6_15
"
'.00
21>1 6
3_B
"
29.5
6_25
"
'.00
21 M 6
lJl
'"

6_n
"
'.00
21 M 6
lJl
"

6.n
"
'00
21 M 6
l .ll
I U

7.n
"
'00
;W
163
'"
7.n
"
1.00
N>l6
163
"
7.n
"
'00
N/i6
1.63
'"

"
'00

3.63
"

"
'00

3.63
La,. .. 1
Pan.1 H<igbl
Pan.1 Tbiclrn . ..
P .... IL<ngtb
Eccltrieity

S"",IRatio
Maximum S1 ... 1 Raho
,
,
061'>
0.0165 0_0162 0_0162 0_0162 0_0162 0_0162
0.0171 0.0171 0.017 1 0.017 1 0.017 1 0_0171 0_0171 0_0171 0_0171 0_0171
Fac1<nd A ... I Load
A Y<flIg< A.ial S". ...
S"",I AI''''
MODlOtIf Slr<ngtb
- 0_90
R<qUUN S1f""g1b
CfIchd Mow..."
Lo.d M0ID<111
P, kip 37.1 37.1
PJ A, bi 0.0330 0_033
A... in' 9.9 9_89
M, 1:_m
bo 618 1071
M. b o 964
1:_m
M, 1:_m 248
,j", .n 6_67 11.57
I\.., in
37.1
0_033
9_89

ll26

'"
'"

0_55
37.1
0_033
9_89
1
1
1423
'"

17.0<1

37.1
O_Oll
9.89
''''
1816
1653
'"
;0;
19.83

57.4

2120
829
'"
""
m
5.71
0.47
57.4
0_044

2120
1112
'00'
""
""
7.66
0.47
57.4
0.044
1I .n
2120
"M
1228
'"
m

0.47
H.4
0.().I4
1I .n
2120
1617

'"
0>;
11 14
0.47
HA

11.55
2120
1869
16B2
'"
m
12_ 88
OA7
Lo.d o.nhon
D.n""bon Limit
0_24 0.42 0_52 0_91 1.66 0.21 0.29 0.15 OAI OA9
B. "d OR USC 97 PI'O<N1nr<
La,. .. 1 v; p. f
Axial Lo. d Of mid-I><Igitl p. kip
A Y<flIg< 1X101 . ".... P,IAo bi
S"",I AI'''' A"
Mo"",'" Slr<ogtb
- 0_90
R<qwrN S1f""g1b
Cnchd Mow..."
Lo.d M0ID<111
Lo.d o.n hon
D<fl""bon Limit
M. 1:_10
1:_m
M. 1:_10
213 M" b o
M, 1:_m
.
Zll!l.a .n
, .
lJl50 in
2_36 1_36 2.36 2.36 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.16 236 2.36
20 2S lO lS
33.7 H.7 H.7 H.7
0_010 0_010 0_010 0_010
9_89 9_89 9_89 9.89

1187
'M'
m
'"

ll28
1171
m
on
1

129B
m
'"
''''
1611
14B
m
'"
14.1 0
0_37 0.37 0_37 0.37
lAO 1_24 5_07 6.91
1_36 2_16 2_16 2.16
! O !S 30 3S
5U 51.5
0_019 0.039 0.039 0.039
1I .n 1I .n 1155
2l!0

1250
'"
'"
2120
"M
un
m
""
12.18 l!.18
O.l! 0.32
O.l! 0.91
2.16 2.16
2120
1708

'"
'"
l!.18
0.32
2.06
236
2120
"W
1625
'"
'"
12_18
0.32
321
2.36
Appendix
SEAOSC
Sl<n<l<J WoU To!ok Groop
Co&. Cnmporuon
Summary of Colculo"on Do.. _To!ok 4 -1l1 Lood C.,,: u-
Bo,I OR ACI Pr<>",dn,,,,
M 4_01.4 4_034 4_034 ';"'034 ';"'034 4_0n 4-OU 4_0D 4-03.1 4-01.1
Lot.ral Fo", w Il.l
"
25
'" "
3404
'" " '" "
P....1Hoig!>'
,
,
19.1 19.1 19.1
P....1Thidn...
,

6.n 6.n 7n 7.11 7.11 711
P....1L<ngIb
, ,
" " " " " " " " " "
Ecc""lri<ny
,
'00 '.00 '00 '.00 '00 '00

1.00
'00 '.00 '00
11 d 6 11 ,; 6 11 M6 11 M6 11 M6 14 iffi N,;1\ 14#6

,
.. 1.B 1.B 1.11 lJJ III Hl Hl Hl 1.61 161
S... IRono
0.0162 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161

Maximum S,...l RobO 06,.. o.om 0.0\71 0.0\71 0.0\71 0.0171 0.0171 0.0171 0.01l1 0.0171 0.0171
Foct<"",d .0."'01 Load
'.
kip 37.1 37.1 17.1 37.1 n.1 HA HA HA HA H.4
A''<IlIg<' Axiol Stt...
'JA,
bi O.OHO O.Oll O.OB O.OB O.OB 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.Q.l4 0Q.l4
Hl'ti,,,, S...I.o.,..
"-
in'
.. 9.89 9.89 9.89 lUI IDI ILH
10.10"""" Slr<tIgtb
;"
l<-ln n67 1167 1167 1167 111\1 2120 2110 2120 2110 2110
- 0.90

,.
... 1071 1116 1181 1816 819 I III
"M
1611 1869
R<qwr'" Stt<11gtb
'"
1:_m
'"
OM 1421 165J
'"
'00'
1218

Crachd Mom<11'
M"
1:_In
'" '" '" '" '"
""
"" '" '" '"
$<n'ic. Lood M""""" ;;, 1:_m
148 418
'"

'"
m
""
m m m
IU7 1708 19.8J 766 11.14 12.88

"

0.41 0.41 0.41 OAl OAl
$<n'ic. Lood Don"""

OA2 0.91

0.21 0.19 on OAI 0.49
D.nb"" limi,

236 2.16 136 1.16 1.16 2.16 1.16 2.16 2.J6 2.16
B",d OR UBC 97
Lot.ral F<lfC< w
.',
" " '" " '" " '" "
.o.xw Lood ot IWd_bo1g!>'
'.
kip Jl.7 H.l H.1 H.7
A''<Ill!\< ""01 .tt... 'JA,
n,
0.030 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.019 0.OJ9 0.019 0.019
S... I A,..
"-

9.89 9.89 9.89 lUI IDI IDl ..
Mmn.nt Str<ngtb
"
1:_m
1161
''''
1110 1120 1110 1110
- 0.90

1:_m
1187 112S

1611 1424
"M
\708

R<qwr'" Stt<11gtb
'"
1:_m
'M'
1171 1198 14H un
"00

CfKkl MOO><11' 213 M" 1:_m m m m m
'" '" '" '"
s..n'i Lood M""""" ;;, 1:_m
'"
611
'"
."
'"
>0. m
'"
14.10 14.10 14.10 14.10 12.18 12.18 11.l8 12.18

lJl lI
a
0.37 0.37 0.37 O.H O.ll 032 0.32 0.12

S"Yic, Lood Dof1b""

..
''"
1.14 6.91 O.ll 0.91 2.06 J.11
D.nb"" limi,
V'W
1.16 136 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.16 236 2J6

Appendix
Table 4.4 Comparative Example Task 4 03.6
1.05D +1.28 L +1.3W
SEAOSC
Sl<n.s..- WaU r.>k Group
coo. ComparisoD
SummMY ofCokulat;on D...
_r.>k 4"()1 Load Ca,. 1 u-
8a"d on AC111S_01 Prod...
M 4_01.6 4_01.6 4"()16 4_01.6 4_0>6
L.,.ral w
.'
..,
" " '"
..
P....I H<iglll
,
"

'"

P....I Thicln<..
,
m 7.n 7n
P....IL<ngIb
,
" " " " " "
Eccltricity
m '.00 '.00 '.00 '.00 '00

24>1 6 24>1 6 2U6

,
m 3.61 3.61 3.61 3.63 3.63
S"",IRatio ,
0.0162 0.0162 0.0162 0.0162 0.0162
Maximum St...1Rabe 06r- 0.0171 0.0171 0.0171 0.0171 0.0171
Fact<.-.d A..al Load
'.
b, 79.7 m 79.7 79.7 79.7
AY<rlIg< A.ial Str...
'JA,
b, 0.061 0.061 0.061 0.061 0.061
S"",I A....
A..
,
I L91 11.91 11.93 ll.93 11.93 m
M.tnIt Strlgtb
."
I_m
2176 2176 2176 2176 2176
+ - 0.90
W+
I_I.
,..
,,.,
2019 2376 2732
R<q",..ed Str<l1!th
."
I_I.
'"

lB02 2120 241B
Crocked Mom...t
'C
I_I.
'" '" '" '" '"
S<r;i load Mom<nt M,
I_m
24B
,..
'"
...
,,,
m HI ILl6 In6 18.H

""
m 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.47
S<r;i load D<l1ectron
,
m 0.16 0.31 0.37

0.61
D<l1ectron Limit

m 2.36 2.36 2.36 2.36 2.36
8.,.d on U8C 97 P,<><N1ur<
L.,.ral w
.'
" " '"
..
Axial Load at mid-b<Ight
'.
b, 70.6 70.6 70.6 70.6
AY<rlIg< ax>al .tr...
"A,
b, 0.054 0.054 0.054
Effecti". S"",I A .... A.
,
11.91 11.93 ll.93 11.93 m
M.tn<.t Str<.gth M.
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Appendix
Table 4.5 Comparative Example Task 4 04.0 and Task 4 04.1 for Double Curtain Reinforcement
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Appendix
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Appendix
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47
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SEAOSC Slender Wall Task Group Code Comparison Summary

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UBC 97 and ACI 318-02 Code Comparison

" " "

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40O 0215 254 114 OA)(I1.o

m 7.636 14.98 nil lHB

m 10.1& 10.1& 10.1& 1O.l8 &.&1 8.81

'00 '.00 '00 '.00 '00 '00

0.0162 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161

IU7 1708 19.8J 766 11.14 12.88

14.10 14.10 14.10 14.10 12.18 12.18 11.l8 12.18

0.37 0.37 0.37 O.H O.ll 032 0.32 0.12

1.16 136 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.16 236 2J6

m '.00 '.00 '.00 '.00 '00

m HI ILl6 In6 18.H

m 12.28 !l.U 12.2B 12.2B

'.M .00 1.11 720 832 1,42

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