Universite Hassiba Benbouali Chlef Facult de gnie civil et darchitecture Dpartement dhydraulique 1ere Anne Master HYD

Le : 14/02/2013

English Examen
Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water. The goal is to produce water fit for a specific purpose. Most water is purified for human consumption (drinking water), but water purification may also be designed for a variety of other purposes, including meeting the requirements of medical, pharmacological, chemical and industrial applications. In general the methods used include physical processes such as filtration, sedimentation, and distillation, biological processes such as slow sand filters or biologically active carbon, chemical processes such as flocculation and chlorination and the use of electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light. The purification process of water may reduce the concentration of particulate matter including suspended particles, parasites, bacteria, algae, viruses, fungi; and a range of dissolved and particulate material derived from the surfaces that water may have made contact with after falling as rain. The standards for drinking water quality are typically set by governments or by international standards. These standards will typically set minimum and maximum concentrations of contaminants for the use that is to be made of the water. It is not possible to tell whether water is of an appropriate quality by visual examination. Simple procedures such as boiling or the use of a household activated carbon filter are not sufficient for treating all the possible contaminants that may be present in water from an unknown source. Even natural spring water considered safe for all practical purposes in the 19th century must now be tested before determining what kind of treatment, if any, is needed. Chemical and microbiological analysis, while expensive, are the only way to obtain the information necessary for deciding on the appropriate method of purification. According to a 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) report, 1.1 billion people lack access to an improved drinking water supply, 88 percent of the 4 billion annual cases of diarrheal disease are attributed to unsafe water and inadequate sanitation and hygiene, and 1.8 million people die from diarrheal diseases each year. The WHO estimates that 94 percent of these diarrheal cases are preventable through modifications to the environment, including access to safe water.[1] Simple techniques for treating water at home, such as chlorination, filters, and solar disinfection, and storing it in safe containers could save a huge number of lives each year. [2] Reducing deaths from waterborne diseases is a major public health goal in developing countries.

QUESTIONS
A) Give a title to the text. B) Answer the following questions using complete sentences:

1.What is the purpose behind purifying water? 2.Do we use treated water just for drinking or are there any other applications? 3.What are the biological processes used in treating water? 4.Who sets the standards for water quality? 5.How do we treat water at home? 6.What is the disease we get from drinking polluted water? 7.Can we tell that water is good to consume just by a look? C) Choose the right meaning for the following words: 1.suspended,2.parasites,3.boil,4.billion,5.activated,6.health,7.spring water,8. diarrhea, 9.algae, 10.contaminant, 11.standard,12. huge,13. attributed, 14.safe, 15.storing, 16.reduce, 17.concentration, 18.need, 19.goal, 20.fit a.saint, b.besoin, c.active, d.algue, e. bouillir, f.contaminant, g.eau de source, h.norme, i. emmagazine, j. but, k. propre, l. diminuer, m. grand, n. diarrhee, o. parasites, p.milliard, q.sante, r.suspendu, s.concentration, t.attribue D) Choose the opposit meaning for the following words: 1.treated,2.disinfection,3.boil,4.adequate,5.simple,6.health,7.safe purification, 9.death, 10.appropriate, 11.expensive,12. huge,13. 14.desirable, 15.major, 16.reduce, 17.lack, 18.need, 19.necessary, 20.natural a.sickness, b.satisfaction, c.undesirable, d.pollution, e. minor, f.complex, g.unsafe water, h.life, i. confiscated, j. small, k. abundance, l. unecessary, m. cool, n. infection, o. cheap, p.increase, water,8. attributed,

q.inadequate, r.unnatural, s.inapropriate, t.untreated E) Rearrange the French version of the text to meet the original paragraph 1. 1)Water purification is the process 2)of removing undesirable chemicals,3) biological contaminants,4) suspended solids and gases from contaminated water. 5) The goal is to produce water6) fit for a specific purpose. 7)Most water is purified for 8) human consumption (drinking water),9) but water purification may also be designed for a variety of other purposes, 10) including meeting the requirements of medical, 11) pharmacological, chemical and industrial applications.12) In general the methods used 13) include physical processes such as14) filtration, sedimentation, and distillation,15) biological processes such as slow sand filters 16) or biologically active carbon,17) chemical processes such as 18) flocculation and chlorination and19) the use of electromagnetic radiation 20) such as ultraviolet light. F) La purification de l'eau est le processus K) de l`elimination des produits chimiques indsirables, I) les contaminants biologiques, O) les matires en suspension et les gaz de l'eau contamine. M) L'objectif est de produire de l`eau C) en forme dans un but prcis. G) La plupart de l'eau est purifie pour A) la consommation humaine (eau potable), L), mais la purification de l'eau peut galement tre conu pour une varit d'autres fins, y compris celles D) rpondant aux applications mdicales, S) pharmacologiques, chimiques et industriels. N) En gnral, les mthodes utilises R) comprennent des procds physiques tels que B) la filtration, la sdimentation et la distillation, P) des processus biologiques tels que les filtres sable lents E) ou de carbone biologiquement actif, J) des procds chimiques tels que T) la floculation et chloration et H ) l'utilisation d'un rayonnement lectromagntique Q) telle que la lumire ultraviolette. A) la consommation humaine (eau potable), B) la filtration, la sdimentation et la distillation, C) en forme dans un but prcis. D) rpondant aux applications mdicales, E) ou de carbone biologiquement actif, F) La purification de l'eau est le processus G) La plupart de l'eau est purifie pour H ) l'utilisation d'un rayonnement lectromagntique I) les contaminants biologiques,. J) des procds chimiques tels que K) de l`elimination des produits chimiques indsirables, L), mais la purification de l'eau peut galement tre conu pour une varit d'autres fins, y compris celles M) L'objectif est de produire de l`eau N)

En gnral, les mthodes utilises O) les matires en suspension et les gaz de l'eau contamine. P) des processus biologiques tels que les filtres sable lents Q) telle que la lumire ultraviolette. R) comprennent des procds physiques tels que S) pharmacologiques, chimiques et industriels. T) la floculation et la chloration et

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