QUESTION 1 [10 marks] Select an authentic text (e.g.

a magazine article, newspaper report, etc) and identify TWO (2) words for each of the following word classes: noun determiner pronoun adjective adverb

For each word identified, construct a complete sentence using the word in a different word class without changing the form. State the new word used.

Taken from : http://www.nst.com.my/life-times/health/slow-down-relaxbreathe-deeply-1.232938?cache=03d163d03edding-pred-1.1176%2F%3Fptop%3A%2F7.244828 1. noun : psychiatrist, rubbish psychiatrist (noun) psychiatrically (adverb) That woman must be psychiatrically ill that the doctor does not allow her to take care of her own child. rubbish (noun) rubbish (adjective) He was rubbish at his work. 2. determiner : the, this the (determiner) the ( adverb) The sooner you come home, the better, says Raja to his wife. this (determiner) this (pronoun)

This is Aza, and this is Iza.

3. pronoun : you, our you (pronoun) you (noun) Do not buy that peplum dress, it just isnt you. our (pronoun) our (determiner) It is good to know that our nearest planet is Venus; my favourite planet name of all. 4. adjective : problematic, rapid problematic (adjective) problematically (adverb) Since you can't date them, they're problematically attractive. rapid (adjective) rapidly (adverb) The rabbit ran rapidly through the forest. 5. adverb : poorly, consistently poorly (adverb) poorly (adjective) I heard shes been poorly. consistently (adverb) consistent (adjective) His views and actions are consistent.

QUESTION 2 [10 marks] Look for a passage of about 1500-2500 words on any topic of your choice. The text or passage can be taken from any reading materials or from the Internet. You have to acknowledge your source. TASKS: a) Choose TEN sentences (not less than 10 words) from the passage and categorise each word in each sentence into open or closed class and identify what part of speech it belongs to.

How Would Preschool for All Work: Is It All About Play or ABCs?
By Bonnie Rochman

taken from: http://healthland.time.com/2013/03/08/how-would-preschool-for-all-work-is-itall-about-play-or-abcs/#ixzz2NfQjGcl3 Not many would take issue with President Obamas recent call to make highquality preschool a reality for more U.S. kids. Even before Obama announced his intentions, both Democrats and Republicans had already lined up in their home states to push preschool programs, with more than a dozen states considering bolstering early education. Whats bound to be more controversial is the nature of the still-to-be-created universal preschool program. Should academics take front and center, with toddlers getting drills on the nuances of upper- and lower-case letters? Or should they more subtly absorb the concept that 2 + 2 makes 4 by building with blocks or playing sorting games? Early-childhood experts say that play is the best way for little ones to learn. But, points out Barbara Willer, deputy executive director of the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC), comparing playbased preschool to a more academic approach is a false dichotomy. Good preschool teachers incorporate both, but in such a way that kids arent anchored to a desk. When you have teachers who understand child development, you find that play is a major component of the day, says Willer. But play is very carefully organized so that teachers are very intentional. What may look like a play grocery store to the untrained eye can offer children an opportunity to draw up shopping lists and identify letters on the labels of cereal boxes. Teachers can lead the class in constructing graphs (a way to understand numbers) about who likes Raisin Bran and who prefers Cheerios and hone math skills as they classify products by size and shape. Behind the play is a very careful plan on the part of the teacher in terms of specific curriculum goals, says Willer. The nitty-gritty of Obamas plan has yet to be divulged, but the basics involve rolling out pre-kindergarten to families earning less than 200% of the poverty level about $40,000 for a family of three with the potential to expand the program to more families. While preschool is often perceived as a luxury for well-to-do parents, research shows its anything but. Sure, it gives weary parents a break from the rigors of child-rearing, but studies show that the early boost in learning skills also helps kids to perform better in elementary school and improves high school graduation rates. Less than half of U.S. 4-year-olds are currently registered in a pre-kindergarten program, however, and enrollment figures increase along with family income 43% of children in families earning less

than $20,000 attend preschool compared to 65% of those in families earning at least $75,000. Its so important because the early years lay the foundation for future success in school, says Helen Blank, director of child care and early education for the National Womens Law Center. If all 4-year-olds, regardless of income, reap the benefits of a pre-K year, at least when you come to the starting gate, youre starting from the same place. Curriculum, of course, wouldnt be the only concern in implementing a universal preschool program. Ensuring that each child receives the attention he needs, especially at that young age, is critical to laying a strong foundation for learning. Low child-to-staff ratios, as well as a manageable class size, should be priorities. And teachers have to be well-trained. Being a preschool teacher requires not just training in early childhood development, but an uncommon mix of creativity, patience and energy. Being a good preschool teacher is not like being a good babysitter, says Blank. Nor is it about insisting that 4-year-olds painstakingly write their ABCs. Its very different than what we sometimes think of as a classroom with children sitting at desks filling out worksheets, says Willer. But while giving children as much help as they need to excel academically can certainly help students to learn faster, some experts question the value of the increasing emphasis on academics that universal preschool implies. Last month on Times Ideas blog, Erika Christakis worried that the academic focus in kindergarten will filter down to preschool. Kindergarten classrooms today have been scrubbed of many of the essential ingredients including freedom for dramatic play, creativity, and conversationArtwork has been replaced with word walls promising a printrich environment that few five year-olds can, in reality, actually understand. Drill and kill worksheets are the norm. Many kids cant handle the pressure: suspensions in the early years have increased dramatically since the 1970s, even trickling down to preschools where children are expected to be ready for a kindergarten curriculum that would have been more appropriate to a 1st or second grade classroom 20 years ago If states continue of this wrong-headed path, theres no reason to believe President Obamas laudable proposal wont inflict the same high-stakes testing climate on even younger kids. Instead of drill and kill, kids need help developing the soft skills of success persevering even when tasks are challenging, being able to focus, finding creative ways to solve problems, getting along with others, dealing with anger and frustration. These are equally important in preparing kids for the rigors of kindergarten, which now looks nothing like it did a generation ago.

My kindergartener, for example, writes weekly essays and recently started receiving homework assignments. When I was in kindergarten, learning to tie my own shoes was my crowning achievement. Weve got it turned around, says David Elkind, author of The Power of Play and a professor emeritus of child development at Tufts University. Weve gotten so focused on the academic part when we need to be focused on the social part. Perhaps with more accessible preschool programs, toddlers would get a chance to focus on some of these social skills sharing, cooperating, waiting their turn that kindergartners seem to be too busy to learn.

experts (noun) open class word say (verb) open class word that (conjunction) closed class word play (verb) open class word for (preposition) closed class word

teachers (noun) open class word incorporate (verb) open class word but (conjunction) closed class word

carefully (adverb) open class word organized (verb) open class word so that (conjunction) closed class word

important (adjective) open class word because (conjunction) closed class word lay (verb) open class word for (preposition) closed class word in (preposition) closed class word

being (noun) open class word good (adjective) open class word teacher (noun) open class word babysitter (noun) open class word

as (adverb) open class word academically (adverb) open class word experts (noun) open class word question (verb) open class word

these (pronoun) closed class word equally (adverb) open class word in (preposition) closed class word for (preposition) closed class word which (pronoun) closed class word

my (pronoun) closed class word for (preposition) closed class word weekly (adjective) open class word recently (adverb) open class word

when (conjunction) closed class word my (pronoun) closed class word own (pronoun) closed class word crowning ( adjective) open class word achievement (noun) open class word

gotten (verb) open class word so (adverb) open class word focused (noun) open class word when (conjunction) closed class word on (preposition) closed class word QUESTION 3 [5 marks]

Identify the words in bold to what word class it belongs. E.g., She seems to be interested in the discussion, yet she says nothing. Answer: conjunction a) All his certificates proved to be fakes. Answer:noun b) Mrs Chan just bought a fake jacket. Answer:adjective c) He arranged the accident in order to fake his own death. Answer:verb d) The lady spoke so softly that I could hardly hear her. Answer:adverb e) It was still painful so I went to see the doctor. Answer:conjunction f) There will be a great crowd in London for the Olympic Games. Answer:adjective g) Well done. You did great! Answer:noun h) It was the first time Id seen them since I moved to the condominium. Answer:preposition i) That was twenty years ago, Ive changed jobs since then. Answer:conjunction j) He left home years ago and we havent seen him since. Answer: conjunction

QUESTION 4 [10 marks] Compose a short text that allows for the use of at least 4 different tenses. The text should not be more than 100 words. State the tenses used and explain clearly the rationale for their use. Answer :

1. Japan is a very well-mannered country. (simple present tense) -it is a fact that Japan is actually a very well-mannered country. Simple present tense is used to show it is not only happening now and it is always true.

2. I have visited a few parts of Japan and saw the uniqueness of the country. (present perfect tense) -Present perfect tense is used to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. It is used to describe experiences. 3. I am hoping we Malaysians can implement what they practise here in Malaysia. (present continuous tense) -Present continuous tense is used to show and talk about activities happening around now, and not necessarily this very moment. 4. I will wait for another few years to collect enough funds to visit again. (simple future tense) -Simple future tense is used in the sentence to talk about things that will happen at a time later than now.