Accumulator Sizing Procedure (Conversion : /

0.0980665 10.1972

MPa )

Terms of calculation
V1 Required accumulator gas volume (L) VW Required oil discharge volume (L) P3 Maximum working pressure (MPaabs.) P2 Minimum working pressure (MPaabs.) P1 Gas charging pressure (MPaabs.) For energy storage : 0.8P2P10.9P2 Decide P taking temperature For shock dampening : 0.5PXP10.8PX the change into account page 95 For pulsation dampening : 0.5PXP10.8PX Pa Mean working pressure (MPaabs.)
1

For Energy Storage

(see Accumulator Sizing Calculation : Page 98)

1 (1) (2)
i If larger e is taken, accumulator gas volume can be smaller. ii When e , exceeds 0.9, bladder life will be shortened. iii If larger a is taken, accumulator gas volume can be smaller. iv If bladder compression ratio (bP3P1) becomes to be larger, bladder life will be shortened.

PX Pm

32 Average circuit pressure (MPaabs.) Allowable maximum pressure of shock or pulsation (MPaabs.) Gas charging pressure ratioP1P2 Working pressure ratioP3P2 Gross efficiency of accumulator0.95 Polytropic exponent for oil charge time (See separate table showing various exponents) Polytropic exponent for oil discharge time (See also separate table) Oil discharge coefficient
1 1

Allowable Bladder Compression Ratio

Accumulator installation Vartical bP3P1
41

v m, and n should be selected depending on mean working pressure = (P3 + P2) / 2, and on oil charge / discharge time selecting from the table as shown in the next page. vi When mn (ex. m = 1.8, n = 1.6), calculation must be made taking m n, ie. n = m. (In above example, m = n = 1.8)

Velocity of oil flow msec Gravitational acceleration9.8 msec2 Inside diameter of piping mm Total piping length m Specific gravity of liquid Turbine oil 880 W.G. 1,100 Water 1,000 Weight of fluid in piping line
2 10-6 Oil discharge volume per pump revolution F1 Pump out-put coefficient

For Shock Absorption

(see Accumulator Sizing Calculation : Page 100)

1

2 1 1(3) 203.94 1

i Select value of n to the figure at intersection of PX and15 seconds in the table shown in the next page and put that value into the formula (3). ii P1 = 60% of PX shall be taken into calculation.
(see Accumulator Sizing Calculation : Page 99)

Lrev

For Pulsation Dampening

1

Pump type Simplex Single acting

Coefficient F1 0.60 0.25 0.25 0.15 0.13 0.06

1 1 1 (4) 1 1
i Take value of n to the figure at intersection of PX and15 seconds in the table shown in the next page and put that value into the formula (4). ii Take the value of P1 to approx. 60% of PX and put that in to the formula (4).

(Single cylinder) Double acting Duplex Single acting

(Two cylinders) Double acting Triplex Single acting

(Three cylinders) Double acting

(When over triplex, F1 shall be 0.06)

94

N2 gas Polytropic Exponents for Accumulatorfor oil charge : m, for oil discharge : n
Time Average Pressure (MPa)
P2.0 2.0P3.5 3.5P5.0 5.0P6.5 6.5P8.0 8.0P9.5 9.5P11 11P12.5 T15

Oil charge time (:Tm) ordischarge time (:Tn)

Seconds
1800T

15T30 30T60 60T120 120T240 240T480 480T900 900T1800

1.42 1.46 1.50 1.54 1.59 1.64 1.69 1.74 1.80 1.85 1.90 1.96 2.01 2.07 2.12 2.18 2.24 2.29 2.35 2.40 2.46 2.52 2.58

1.38 1.41 1.45 1.50 1.54 1.59 1.64 1.69 1.74 1.79 1.84 1.90 1.95 2.00 2.06 2.11 2.17 2.22 2.28 2.33 2.39 2.44 2.50

1.34 1.37 1.40 1.44 1.49 1.53 1.58 1.62 1.67 1.72 1.77 1.83 1.88 1.93 1.98 2.03 2.09 2.14 2.19 2.25 2.30 2.36 2.41

1.29 1.32 1.35 1.39 1.43 1.47 1.52 1.56 1.61 1.66 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.85 1.90 1.96 2.01 2.06 2.11 2.16 2.21 2.27 2.32

1.24 1.27 1.30 1.33 1.37 1.41 1.45 1.50 1.54 1.59 1.63 1.68 1.73 1.78 1.83 1.87 1.92 1.97 2.02 2.07 2.12 2.18 2.23

1.19 1.22 1.24 1.27 1.31 1.35 1.39 1.43 1.47 1.51 1.56 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.74 1.79 1.84 1.89 1.93 1.98 2.03 2.08 2.13

1.15 1.16 1.19 1.22 1.25 1.28 1.32 1.36 1.40 1.44 1.48 1.53 1.57 1.61 1.66 1.70 1.75 1.79 1.84 1.89 1.93 1.98 2.03

1.10 1.11 1.13 1.16 1.19 1.22 1.26 1.29 1.33 1.37 1.41 1.45 1.49 1.53 1.58 1.62 1.66 1.71 1.75 1.79 1.84 1.88 1.93

1.05 1.06 1.07 1.10 1.12 1.15 1.18 1.22 1.25 1.29 1.32 1.36 1.40 1.44 1.48 1.52 1.56 1.60 1.64 1.68 1.72 1.76 1.81

Energy storage

12.5P14

: P = Pa

14P15.5 15.5P17

Shock absorption : P = Px 17P18.5 Pulsation dampening : P = Px 20P21.5

23P24.5

18.5P20

21.5P23

24.5P26 26P27.5 27.5P29 29P30.5 30.5P32 32P33.5 33.5P35

When pressure exceeds 35MPa, please contact us or a distributor for the polytropic exponent. The polytropic exponents are also obtainable from the following formula.

Calculation Formula of Polytropic Exponents (NACOL Empirical Formula)

established an original formula to calculate the polytropic exponet, based upon the data of tests. With the calculation formula, it is possible to easily calculate the polytropic exponent as a function of pressure and time.
m : Polytropic exponent for oil charge time. n : Polytropic exponent for oil discharge time. P : Pa (Mean working pressure) or Px (Rated accumulator circuit pressure) [MPaabs.] T : Tm (Charging time) or Tn (Discharging time) [Sec.] (Note : When Tm or Tn is smaller than 8 seconds, take 8 for T. When Tm or Tn is larger than 1,800, take 1,800 for T)

or0.00938(2.53.7log10) 1.340.2log10 180.45log10 10.197295

NACOL Calculation Formula for Change of Gas Charging Pressure due to Change of Temperature
Based upon the data of tests and the theoretical formula of the real gas (formula of Fanderuworth), established a formula to calculate change of gas charging pressure due to change of temperature.
P1 : Gas pressure after temperature change (MPa. abs.) P0 : Gas pressure before temperature change (MPa. abs.) T0 : Original temperature before change but, -40T0110 T1 : Temperature after change

1 (10)010.1972 10.1972 10.19720 0.20390 4882065102(0170)2 104 82336794104(0696)2 102

95

Calculation Example

Working conditions and system specifications Di: Inside diameter of cylinder = 300 mm S : Cylinder stroke = 380 mm V : Required cylinder speed = 0.75 m/sec. P3 : Maximum working pressure = 20 MPa P2 : Minimum working pressure = 15 MPa
(Take pressure loss into account)

Relief Valve

Q : Discharge volume from pump = 90 L/min.

temperature = 1090 Working Service fluid = Petroleum hydraulic oil

In calculation, the Absolute pressure (MPa

abs.) shall be used. So, convert Gauge pressure to Absolute pressure. 1Obtain the required oil discharge volume (Vw) from above conditions.
i2 10-6 300 2 38010-6 26.9

5Obtain the oil discharge coefficient (F).

20.1013 15.1013

1.96

1.90

20.1013 15.1013

2Obtain gas precharge pressure (P1) taking the change of temperature during operation into consideration.
Obtain Max. P1 at maximum working temperature (90). 0.9P2 0.915.1013MPaabs 13.59MPaabs Obtain MinP1 at minimum working temperature (10), following the NACOL Calculation Formula for Change of Gas Charging Pressure due to Change of Temperature shown on page 95. Min.P110.12MPaabs Max.P1

0.135

6Calculate the required accumulator gas volume (V1).

26.9 1 0.670.950.135 313

7Decide on the number of Accumulators. Acc 60L: 313/606pcs (N series) Acc 160L: 313/1602pcs (N series) 8Confirm that the oil discharge speed of the above two sizes of Accumulators is within the range of allowable oil discharge speed.
26.9 Required oil discharge speed6060 n 0.5 3.240/min

3Next obtain gas precharge pressure ratio (e).

1 10.12 (150.1013) 2 0.67

4Select the polytropic exponent (m,n).

3 2 20.101315.1013 Mean pressure (Pa)

17.60MPaabs 26.9 Oil charge time (Tm) 90/60 17.9sec Oil discharge time (Tn) 380 10-310-3 0.75 0.5sec From the table on page 59 1.901.96

When using 60 L size standard type Accumulators in a quantity of 6 pcs. 600 L/min6 = 3,600 L/min 3,240 L/min (satisfying the above requirement) When using 160 L size standard type Accumulators in a quantity of 2 pcs. 1,200 L/min2 = 2,400 L/min 3,240 L/min (not satisfying the above requirement) When using 160 L size high flow type Accumulators in a quantity of 2 pcs. 2,400 L/min2 = 4,800 L/min 3,240 L/min (satisfying the above requirement) 9Select the bladder compound. Working temperature :1090 System fluid : petroleum hydraulic oil

High temp. nitrile rubber (H)

10From the above 1)9), the following two types of Accumulators can be selected. H-N21MP-L60-AAC 6 pcs H-N21MP-160-AEC 2 pcs Take the Accumulators installation space, cost, etc. into account and select the most suitable Accumulators.

96

Date:

Accumulator Sizing Program for Multiple Cylinders or Hydraulic Motors (Data Sheet)
(Please send this data sheet to .We are pleased to select the most suitable accumulator for you.)
From (Your Company Name) (Your Dept. or Sect.) (Your Name) FAX: TEL:

To: NIPPON ACCUMULATOR CO., LTD. Sales Department

Accumulator application (System Name)

Customers Specification

Type of Operating Oil Oil Temperature Cycle Time

T C

sec MPa MPa L/min

Suitable Bladder Compound

Max. Operating Pressure P3 Min. Operating Pressure P2

Pump discharging volume (Pump Qty)

sets

How to fill in the data

A column: Fill in the each work step name from the first step of the first cycle till the first step of the second cycle. (To fill in the first step of the second cycle is from the purpose to know the idle time between the first cycle and the second cycle.) Note: When you fill in No.1 column to show an operation of the actuater, the computer treat this as Accumulators have been charged necessary oil volume beforehand. B column: This column shall be filled in only when cylinder shall be actuated. Direction of the pressurization shall be shown by a mark upon H or R (H : pressurization of the Head End side. R: Rod side pressurization) Then the columns thru shall be filled in. C column: This column and shall be filled in only when oil motor shall be actuated. ( shall show displacement oil volume per one revolution) D column: When you know the required oil volume, fill in that volume into this column . (when B or C column has already been filled in, it is not necessary to fill in this column) E column: When you know the discharging volume of pump, fill in that volume into this column . (when B or C or D column has already been filled in, it is unnecessary to fill in this column) F column: Starting time and end time of each step shall be filled into and setting the Starting Time of the first step as Zero (0).
B Cylinder Spec.
Pressurized side. H:Head end side R:Cap end side

C Oil Motor Spec. Stroke S mm Displacement volume q cc/rev Revolution N rpm

Tube. I.D. Do mm

Rod O.D. d mm

D Required oil volume L

F Operation Time E Flow rate Lmin Starting Time sec Ending Time sec

No. A Name of the each step

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

H. R H. R H. R H. R H. R H. R H. R H. R H. R H. R H. R H. R H. R H. R H. R H. R H. R H. R

NIPPON ACCUMULATOR CO., LTD. Sales Department will be happy to review your Accumulator requirements with any special Accumulator manufacturing codes or specifications. We will review your specific requirements in detail to provide you with the most suitable and economical Accumulator.

NIPPON ACCUMULATOR CO., LTD.

TEL : 8154 (367) 1252 FAX : 8154 (367) 1951 http://www.nacol.co.jp E-mail: sales@nacol.co.jp

97

Accumulator Sizing Program for Energy Storage Application

Date: Customer Name: Address
Accumulator application (Name of System)
Max. Operating Temperature Min. Operating Temperature

TH TL

Operating Oil

Suitable Bladder Compound

Note : In all calculations, the absolute pressure shall be used. (the absolute pressure = gauge pressure + 0.1013 MPa.)

Customer's specification

Required oil volume to be discharged from Accumulator

Vw P3 P2 P1H Tm Tn P1L e a

L MPaabs. MPaabs. MPaabs. sec. sec. MPaabs. MPaabs. L L/sec. 0.95 P34P1L P2 is to be decided taking pressure loss (P) into consideration P1H = P20.9 (at the highest operating temperature) Time necessary to charge Vw into the Accumulator Time necessary to discharge Vw from the Accumulator Calculate from the FORMULA shown below When (e = P1L P2) 0.9, bladder life will be shortened. The higher we take a (= P3 P2), the larger the obtainable oil discharge amount. Pa = (P3 + P2) 2 Intersecting point of Tm and Pa as given by the table of N2 gas polytropic exponents. (see page 95) Intersecting point of Tn and Pa as given by the table of N2 gas polytropic exponents. (see page 95) Obtained from the following formula. Given from the following formula.
Q = Vw Tm or Tn pieces. Either Standard Type or High Flow type as selected from catalogue specifications.

Max. working pressure Min. working pressure

Charged gas pressure at the highest temperature

Oil charge time Oil discharge time

Charged gas pressure at the lowest temperature

Gas charging pressure ratio

Applicable factors

Working pressure ratio

Mean Accumulator circuit pressure Pa Polytropic exponent at oil charge time m Polytropic exponent at oil discharge time n Accumulator gross efficiency Oil discharge coefficient Accumulator gas capacity
Max. required oil velocity
F V1 Q

FORMULA

/102 82336794104(H696)2
H 8233679410 (696) /10
4 2 2

() ()
( ) ( )

4882065102(H170)2 /104
2 H 4882065102(170) /104

( w) w 1 ()0.95()

10.19721H( ) 0.20391H 1H 10.1972() 0.2039 1H 1L (LH)1H10.1972 /10.1972

PIH010.1972 L H ) /10.1972 (
Selected Accumulator model Inspection certificate required by the customer Reduce Bush

Q'ty

Fittings Remarks

Flange

METI JapanASMECE (Others )

NIPPON ACCUMULATOR CO., LTD. Sales Department will be happy to review your Accumulator requirements with any special Accumulator manufacturing codes or specifications. We will review your specific requirements in detail to provide you with the most suitable and economical Accumulator.

NIPPON ACCUMULATOR CO., LTD.

TEL : 8154 (367) 1252 FAX : 8154 (367) 1951 http://www.nacol.co.jp E-mail: sales@nacol.co.jp

98

Accumulator Sizing Program for Pulsation Dampening Application

Date: Customer Name: Address
Accumulator application (Name of System)
Max. Operating Temperature Min. Operating Temperature

TH TL

Operating Oil

Suitable Bladder Compound

Note : In all calculations, the absolute pressure shall be used. (Abs. pressure = gage press + 0.1013 MPa.) Regular circuit pressure
Px

MPaabs. MPaabs. MPaabs. L/min rpm L/rev Pm = PX + P1 = PX0.6 (at )

Customer's specification

Max. allowable pulsation pressure Pm Gas charging pressure Polytropic exponent

P1 n

Intersectional point from Px and T 15 given by the table of N2 gas polytropic exponents. (see page 95)

Discharging volume of pump Q Revolution of pump

Discharging volume of pump per one revolution

Pump sort

N q

Piston (Simplex, Duplex, or more), Vane Gear Others ( )

(single, double) acting

q=QN
See the table below (When pump is larger than triplex, vane or gear pump, F1 should be 0.06)

Discharge coefficient of pump F1 Accumulator capacity

V1

Given from the following formula.

Pump sort single single double single double single double F1 0.60 0.25 0.25 0.15 0.13 0.06

( ) ( )( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) 1 1 ( ) ( )
( ) ( )

duplex

triplex

Selected Accumulator model Inspection certificate required by the customer

Q'ty

Fittings Remarks

Reduce Bush

Flange

METI JapanASMECE(Others )

NIPPON ACCUMULATOR CO., LTD. Sales Department will be happy to review your Accumulator requirements with any special Accumulator manufacturing codes or specifications. We will review your specific requirements in detail to provide you with the most suitable and economical Accumulator.

NIPPON ACCUMULATOR CO., LTD.

TEL : 8154 (367) 1252 FAX : 8154 (367) 1951 http://www.nacol.co.jp E-mail: sales@nacol.co.jp

99

Accumulator Sizing Program for Shock Absorbing Application

Date: Customer Name: Address
Accumulator application (Name of System)
Max. Operating Temperature Min. Operating Temperature

TH TL

Operating Oil

Suitable Bladder Compound

Note : In all calculations, the absolute pressure shall be used. (the absolute pressure = gauge pressure + 0.1013 MPa.) Regular circuit pressure Max. allowable shock pressure Gas charging pressure
Px Pm P1 n L d

MPaabs. MPaabs. MPaabs. L/min /sec /sec2 /m3 L 0.95 Given from the following formula Given from the following formula 9.8 Turbine oil 880, W.G. 1,100, Water 1,000 = pump discharge volume square measure of pipe cross section. Pm = PX + P1 = PX0.6 (at )

Customer's specification

Polytropic exponent Pipe length Inside diameter of pipe

Intersectional point from Px and T 15 given by the table of N2 gas polytropic exponents. (see page 95)

Discharging volume of pump Q Flow velocity Acceleration of gravity Specific weight of fluid Accumulator gross efficiency
v g

Weight of fluid inside the line W Accumulator capacity

V1

2 -6 10 ()2 ()()10-6

2() 1 1 203.94
( )( )2 (()) ( ) ( 1)
) ( )

()

( ) 1998.6()0.95 ) (
(

Selected Accumulator model Q'ty Inspection certificate required by the customer METI Japan ASMECE (Others )

Fittings Remarks

Reduce Bush

Flange

NIPPON ACCUMULATOR CO., LTD. Sales Department will be happy to review your Accumulator requirements with any special Accumulator manufacturing codes or specifications. We will review your specific requirements in detail to provide you with the most suitable and economical Accumulator.

NIPPON ACCUMULATOR CO., LTD.

TEL : 8154 (367) 1252 FAX : 8154 (367) 1951 http://www.nacol.co.jp E-mail: sales@nacol.co.jp

100

Sizing Program for Dynaclean

Date: Customer Name: Address
Accumulator application (Name of System)
Max. Operating Temperature Min. Operating Temperature

TH TL

Operating Oil

Suitable Bladder Compound

Max. oil volume in the oil tank V

Customer's specification

L L L L L L L See the table below Given from the following formula Given from the following formula Given from the following formula Given from the following formula

Max.change amount of oil volume VO Air volume in the oil tank

Thermal expansion coefficient of the system fluid (at normal temp.)

VA

OH AH VW V1

Oil volume of thermal swell

Applicable factors

Air volume of thermal expansion Max. air volume into / out of Dynaclean Capacity of Dynaclean

( H L)()()( )( L )
( H273 )273 ( ) ( L273 L )273

Table of specific gravitythermal expansion coeffient Specific gravity 0.8670.874 0.8750.882 0.8830.891 0.8920.902 0.9030.912 0.9130.923 0.9240.937 0.9380.951 0.9520.964 0.9650.975 0.9760.986 0.9871.000 1.0011.075
Thermal expansion coefficient

( )( )( )
( ) 1 0.55 0.55

0.00077 0.00076 0.00075 0.00074 0.00073 0.00072 0.00071 0.00070 0.00069 0.00068 0.00067 0.00066 0.00063

Selected Accumulator model

Q'ty

Remarks

NIPPON ACCUMULATOR CO., LTD. Sales Department will be happy to review your Accumulator requirements with any special Accumulator manufacturing codes or specifications. We will review your specific requirements in detail to provide you with the most suitable and economical Accumulator.

NIPPON ACCUMULATOR CO., LTD.

TEL : 8154 (367) 1252 FAX : 8154 (367) 1951 http://www.nacol.co.jp E-mail: sales@nacol.co.jp

101