P R OT E C T I O N

MiCOMho P443:
Fast Multifunction
Distance Protection

Transmission and distribution systems are

essential to route power from generation to
consumers. The mode of transport is generally via
overhead lines, which must have maximum in-
service availability. The exposed nature of lines
make them fault-prone, and protection devices
must trip to initiate isolation of any faulted circuit.
The MiCOMho P443 provides fast, highly selective
protection, to trip for genuine line faults. Advanced
load blinding and disturbance detection techniques
- such as power swing blocking - ensure stability
when no tripping is required.
Selectable mho and quadrilateral (polygon)
characteristics allow versatile deployment as main
protection for all effectively-grounded transmission
and distribution circuits, whether lines, cables or
hybrid. Series compensated line application is
supported.
Multiple main protection elements reside inside
each relay: Distance, delta directional comparison
protection, and directional earth/ground fault unit
protection (DEF). This permits simplified
application and spares holding, as the MiCOMho
P443 can be adopted as THE standard protection
platform.

KEY FEATURES

> Distance Protection :

• High speed operation in less than one cycle
• Load blinder prevents spurious trips cascading through the network, in
extreme conditions such as on the verge of a blackout
• Simple to deploy in all appplications, and at all voltage levels
> Power swing alarm and block :
• Unrivalled detection principle - automatic configuration, with no impedance
starters or timer bands to set.
> Comprehensive range of teleprotection schemes :
Customer Benefits • Distance, DEF and delta directional comparison
• Sub-cycle fault > InterMiCOM option for end-end protection communications :
clearance • Reliable and secure, saving the investment in external teleprotection
(0.7 to 1 cycle) equipment
• Mho and quadrilateral > Extensive back-up protection facilities
characteristics in one > Multi-shot autoreclosure with check synchronism
device > Programmable Scheme Logic
• Simple set mode - the • Customizes the device to meet the exact protection and control scheme
relay detemines its own requirements of the bay
settings from protected > Feeder measurements, fault/event records and high resolution oscillography
line data. > Readily interfaces to SCADA using standard communication protocols

T&D
 APPLICATION

> Distance protection

The MiCOMho P443 is supplied with a full suite of protection and
control functions as standard. The configuration column of the menu
is used to control which functions the user requires in the intended
application and which may be disabled. Disabled functions are
completely removed from the menu, to simplify setting.
The Protection Functions Overview table highlights the functions
available.

Protection Functions Overview

ANSI FEATURE A Hardware B Hardware
Optocoupled logic inputs 16 24
Relay output contacts 24 32
Dual rated 1A and 5A CT inputs •
Single and Three Pole Tripping •
Clockwise and Anticlockwise phase rotation •
Direct access menu "Hotkeys" •
Multiple Password access control levels •
21P / 21G Distance Zones - Mho and 5
quadrilateral full scheme relay
CVT Transient overreach elimination •
Load Blinder •
Easy Setting mode •
Mutual compensation •
85 Communication-aided schemes, PUTT, POTT, •
Blocking, Weak Infeed
Accelerated tripping - Loss of Load, and •
Zone 1 extension
50 / 27 Switch on to Fault •
68 Power Swing Blocking •
∆I / ∆V Delta Directional Comparison •
67N Directional Earth Fault (DEF) unit protection •
50 / 51 / 67 Phase overcurrent stages 4
50N / 51N / 67N Earth/ground overcurrent stages 4
67 / 46 Negative sequence overcurrent •
46BC Broken conductor •
49 Thermal protection •
27 Undervoltage protection stages 2
59 Overvoltage protection stages 2
59N Residual voltage protection stages 2
50BF High speed breaker fail •
CTS / VTS Current and Voltage Transformer supervision •
79 Autoreclose - shots supported 4
25 Check synchronism •
Alternative setting groups 4
FL Fault Locator •
Fault Records 5
SOE Event Records 500
Disturbance recorder, samples per cycle 48
Circuit Breaker condition monitor •
Graphical Programmable Scheme Logic (PSL) •
IRIG-B time synchronism (•)
InterMiCOM teleprotection (•)
Key (•) : denotes optional
2>3
FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW DIAGRAM

2 nd Remote Remote Local Fault records Disturbance

comm. port comm. port Communication Record
Measurements
Self monitoring

X 50N/ 67/ 50/27

21P 21G 49 50/51 ∆I/∆V 67 67N 68 SOTF/TOR 46BC CTS
51N 46
Vref

IM

27/
59N FL 50BF VTS 85 79 25 PSL LEDs
59

Neutral current
conventional protection always available
from parallel line Inter MiCOM
communication
Distance Relay
(if present) signalling
optional P443

(Description of ANSI code nos. see protection Functions Overview)

> Inputs > User Interface

• AC Current (In) The front panel user interface, as shown in Figure 1
1A/5A dual rated ac rms comprises:

• AC voltage (Vn)
(1) A back-lit liquid crystal display
100 - 120V nominal phase-phase
(2) Four fixed function LEDs
• Rated frequency 50/60Hz
(3) Eight user programmable LEDs
Operative range
(4) Menu navigation/data entry keys, and two
45 - 55Hz at 50Hz
context sensitive hotkeys. Hotkeys can be
55 - 65Hz at 60Hz
highlighted in vivid green and red colors if
used for trip/close breaker controls
(5) "READ" and "CLEAR" keys for view/reset
of alarms

2 1 3
Figure 1
User interface

5 4

Versatile protection for universal application.

The “simple set” mode invokes an inbuilt wizard,
to simplify the job of the Protection Engineer.
 MAIN PROTECTION FUNCTIONS

> Distance Protection

Five zones of protection are provided as shown in
Zone 3 Figure 2.
(without offset)
The relay allows mho and quadrilateral (polygon)
Zone 2 characteristics to be independently selected for the
Zone 3
Zone P (reverse offset) phase and ground distance elements.
Directional
(reverse) Zone 1
The mho is shown in Figure 2, and uses well-proven
principles to provide dynamic expansion for faults off
the characteristic angle.
Directional
(forward) The quadrilateral characteristics (Figure 5 ) provide
enhanced fault arc resistance coverage. An adaptive
Zone P technique is used to tilt the reactance reach line of
(reverse)
each zone and eliminate under/overreaching effects
due to prefault load flow.
Zone 4
Blinder characteristics (Figure 6) prevent false tripping
due to encroachment of heavy loads.

Figure 2 Mho characteristics A superimposed current phase selector detects the

faulted phase(s) and, controls which of the distance
elements will initiate a trip. Combined with the
directional decision from a proven delta principle,
Figure 3 Example Min-Max Timing Contour, 50Hz, SIR=5 secure operation of distance zones is assured.

50Hz, SIR = 5 > Power Swing Blocking (PSB)

The MiCOMho P443 recognizes power swings quickly,
by means of the superimposed currents measured by
40 the phase selector.
Performance:
Subcycle up The PSB does not require any impedance band or
to 75% Reach timers to be set.
30
The trip time for faults occurring during a power swing
remains subcycle.
20

10

0 50% 70% 80% 90%

Figure 5 Quadrilateral characteristics

Figure 4 Example Min-Max Timing Contour, 60Hz, SIR=5

60Hz, SIR = 5
Zone 3

Zone P (fwd)
40
Zone 2

Performance: Zone 1
30 Subcycle up
to 75% Reach
Directional
(forward)
20
Zone P
(Reverse)

10 Zone 4

Offset Reverse Z3

0 50% 70% 80% 90%

4>5
MAIN PROTECTION SCHEMES
Pre-configured distance schemes allow single and
three phase tripping with or without a signalling
channel.
• Basic scheme logic for stand alone operation
(without a signalling channel).
• Trip on Close logic allows accelerated tripping to be
selected following manual, or auto-reclose.
CARRIER AIDED SCHEME
INCLUDE:
• Direct transfer tripping
• Permissive underreach scheme (PUR)
• Permissive overreach (POR) with open breaker,
weak infeed echo logic and weak infeed trip feature
• Blocking scheme
• User-defined custom schemes
The relay provides two independent teleprotection
schemes each using a separate communication
channel. The distance, directional and DEF functions
are thus flexible in configuration, to operate in shared
channel logic or in discrete modes.
> Delta Directional Comparison
Superimposed voltage and current signals are used to
make highly-secure fault directional decisions.
The respective forward/reverse decisions at each line
end can be used in a teleprotection scheme, for full line
unit protection as proven in the LFDC product.
The advantage is a channel send even faster than for
distance aided schemes.
Figure 6 Load blinder
Operate
Restrain Restrain
Operate
MiCOMho P443 :
A full-scheme distance relay
with subcycle technology.
> Directional Earth Fault (DEF)
The DEF element can be used within the aided
schemes to detect high resistance ground faults.
The innovative "Virtual Current Polarizing" feature even
ensures correct operation when the fault generates
negligible zero or negative sequence voltage.
Traditional relays would have required an extra
CT input to cover this scenario - not required for the
MiCOMho P443.
> InterMiCOM (optional)
InterMiCOM allows high performance permissive and
blocking type unit protection to be configured, plus
transfer of any digital status information between line
ends. Intertripping is supported too, with channel
health monitoring and cyclic redundancy checks (CRC)
on the received data for maximum message security.
InterMiCOM provides eight end-end signals, assignable
to any function within a MiCOM relay's programmable
logic. Default failsafe states can be set in case of
channel outage.
BACKUP PROTECTION
> Overcurrent Protection
Four stages of both phase and earth (ground) fault
protection are provided with a choice of standard IDMT
curves (Figure 7). Negative sequence overcurrent is
also available.
> Voltage Protection
Phase under and overvoltage protection functions are
available in addition to residual overvoltage.
> Broken Conductor
This protection detects the percentage phase
unbalance due to an open phase condition.
> Thermal Overload
A thermal replica provides alarm and trip stages, to warn
and protect in the event of prolonged circuit overloading.
 SUPERVISORY FUNCTIONS > Programmable scheme logic
Powerful graphical logic allows the user to customize
> High speed breaker failure the protection and control functions.
Two stage circuit breaker failure protection for
backtripping upstream circuit breakers, and re-tripping The gate logic includes OR, AND and majority gate
of the local circuit breaker if required. functions, with the ability to invert the inputs and
outputs, and provide feedback. The system is
> VT supervision (fuse fail) optimized to ensure that the protection outputs are not
Voltage transformer supervision is provided to detect delayed by the PSL operation.
loss of one, two or three VT signals.
The programmable scheme logic is configured using
> CT supervision the graphical MiCOM S1 PC software, as shown in
Current transformer supervision is provided to detect Figure 8.
loss of phase CT input signals.
The relay outputs may be configured as latching (eg
"Lockout") or self-reset.
CONTROL
> User Interface
> Hotkey menu The user interface and menu text are available in
English, French, German and Spanish as standard.
Trip and close commands are facilitated from front
The ability to customize the menu text and alarm
panel "hotkeys", to allow direct CB control without the
descriptions is also supported.
need to navigate a menu. Other in/out, on/off and
enable/disable controls are easily programmed.
> Password Protection
> Autoreclose with check synchronism Password protection may be independently applied
to the front user interface, front communications
The user may select a single, two, three
port and rear communications port. Two levels of
or four shot autoreclose cycle.
password protection are available providing access
to the controls and settings respectively.

> Measurement and recording facilities

All event, fault and disturbance records are time
tagged to a resolution of 1ms. An optional IRIG-B port
is available for accurate time synchronization.

> Power system measurements

Instantaneous and time integrated voltage, current and
IEC/UK curves IEEE/US curves power measurements are provided. These may be
TMS = 1 TD = 1
viewed in primary, or secondary values.
1000 100

100
Figure 7
Operating

10
time (s)

IEC and IEEE/ANSI IDMT

Operating
time (s)

10

UK LTI

IEC SI 1
IEEE MI
1
IEEE VI
IEC VI
US CO2

IEC EI US CO8

0.1 0.1
IEEE EI Figure 8 PSL Editor (MiCOM S1)
1 10 100 1 10 100
Current (Multiples of Is) Current (Multiples of Is)

TMS 0.025 to 1.2 TD 0.01 to 100

0.14
IEC Standard inverse t = TMS x IEEE Moderately inverse
( ) -1
0.02
I 0.0515
Is t = TD x + 0.114
( ) -1
0.02
I
Is

13.5
IEC Very inverse t = TMS x IEEE Very inverse
( ) -1
I
Is t = TD x
19.61
+ 0.491
( ) -1
2
I
Is

80
IEC Extremely inverse t = TMS x IEEE Extremely inverse
( )-1
2
I 28.2
Is t = TD x + 0.1217
( ) -1
2
I
Is

120 US CO8 Inverse

UK Long time inverse t = TMS x
( )-1I t = TD x
5.95
+ 0.18
( ) -1
Is 2
I
Is

US CO2 Short time

inverse TD 0.16758
t= x + 0.11858
( ) -1
0.02
I
Is

6>7
POST FAULT ANALYSIS PLANT SUPERVISION

> Fault location > Trip circuit supervision

A fault location algorithm provides distance to fault in Supervision of the trip circuit can be implemented using
miles, kilometres, ohms or percentage of the line length. optocoupled inputs and the programmable scheme
The proven algorithm used tolerates pre-fault loading logic.
and fault arc resistance.
> CB State monitoring
> Event records An alarm will be generated if there is a discrepancy
Up to 500 time-tagged event records are stored in between the open and closed CB auxiliary contacts.
battery backed memory.
> Circuit breaker condition monitoring
> Fault records • Monitoring the number of breaker trip operations
The last 5 faults are stored :
• Recording the sum of broken current quantity
• Indication of the faulted phase (interruption duty)
• Protection operation ΣIx, 1.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0
• Active setting group • Monitoring the breaker operating time
• Fault location (distance to fault)
> Remote auxiliary communications
• Relay and CB operating time
Two auxiliary communication ports are available; a rear
• Pre-fault and fault currents, voltages and frequency port providing remote communications and a front port
providing local communications. An additional, second
> Disturbance records rear port can be ordered as an option.
The oscillography has 8 analog channels, 32 digital and
1 time channel, all at a resolution of 48 samples/cycle. Any of the following listed rear port protocols can be
Disturbance records can be extracted from the relay via chosen at the time of ordering.
the remote communications and saved in the • Courier/K-Bus
COMTRADE format.
• IEC 60870-5-103
• DNP 3.0

> Second rear Courier port/ InterMiCOM board

The optional second port is designed typically for dial-
up modem access by protection engineers/operators,
when the main port is reserved for SCADA traffic.
Selecting this board also ensures that the relay has
InterMiCOM hardware fitted, as both options reside on
the same board.

Figure 9 Case size MiCOMho P443 (80 TE)

12 off holes Dia. 3.4

74.90 116.55 142.45
A A A

159.00 168.00 177.0

(4U
A A A
4.50
62.00 155.40 129.50 483 (19” rack)
408.90
A = Clearance
holes
406.90

All dimensions in

Secondary cover (when

Front 240.00
Incl. wiring

177.00
157.5 max

413.20 Side
30.00

AREVA T&D Worldwide Contact Centre:
http://www.areva-td.com/contactcentre/
Tel.: +44 (0) 1785 250 070
www.areva-td.com
AREVA TRACK RECORD -
HIGH SPEED DISTANCE PROTECTION
>> Micromho subcycle distance protection deployed on EHV systems
since 1983 - over 2500 relays supplied.
Very fast mho characteristic relay.
>> Quadramho distance protection launched in 1984,
adding quadrilateral characteristics to the range.
>> Optimho universal mho and quadrilateral relays launched
in1989. Over 11500 units delivered.
>> Numerical implementation and phase selection proven in sub-cycle
LFDC and LFZR relays.
>> Over 6500 MiCOM P44x family distance relays delivered
since launching in 1999
MiCOM is a registered trademark of AREVA. All trade names or trademarks mentioned herein whether registered or not, are the property of their owners. - 389191982 RCS PARIS - Printed in France - SONOVISION-ITEP
AUTOMATION-L3-P443-BR-01.05-0817-GB - © - AREVA - 2004. AREVA, the AREVA logo and any alternative version thereof are trademarks and service marks of AREVA.
Our policy is one of continuous development. Accordingly the
design of our products may change at any time. Whilst every
effort is made to produce up to date literature, this brochure
should only be regarded as a guide and is intended for
information purposes only. Its contents do not constitute an offer
for sale or advise on the application of any product referred to in
it. We cannot be held responsible for any reliance on any
decisions taken on its contents without specific advice.