EQUIPMENT SIZING MILLS [ ( ) ]

A = crushing rate of mills, TCH c = factor dependent on the cane preparation equipment n = mill speed, rev/min N = number of rollers in the tandem L = length of the rollers, m D = mean diameter of the rollers, m f = fiber%cane Solving for the crushing rate of mills

Solving for number of rollers ( )( ( )( ) )

Values for fiber%cane, mill speed, diameter of rollers, and factor for preparatory plant (assumption) (from Hugot, 1986) (assumption)

Table Coefficients for preparatory plant 1 Knife set of wide pitch 2 Knife sets f wide pitch 1 Knife set at close pitch 2 Knife sets, one wide, one at close pitch 2 Knife sets and one shredder Shredder only with chopper-harvested cane Source: Hugot, 1986 (for 2knife sets and one shredder) Solving for the length of the rollers ( [ ( )( ( )( )( ))( ) )( )] c c c c c c = = = = = = 1.10 1.15 1.13 1.16 1.22 1.18

HEATERS Solving for total heating surface ( ( ) )

Table Short vertical heaters; 12 Passes: Length of tubes 3.9m (35.6x38.1mm)

40 96 8 740 0.796 28.7 50 120 10 780 0.995 35.8 60 144 12 850 1.194 43 Heating surface (m2) 75 100 180 240 15 20 890 1020 1.194 1.991 43 71.7 120 288 24 1100 3.389 86 150 360 30 1220 2.986 107.5 200 480 40 1350 3.981 143.3

Number of tubes Tubes per pass Ext. Dia. D (mm) Tube cross-section (dm2) Juice flow (m3/h) (v=1m/2)

Source: Hugot, 1986

CLARIFIER Solving for the mass of limed juice

Solving for the volume of limed juice (from BUSCO)

Solving for the volume required of the clarifier tank

( (

)( )(

)( )( )

Solving for the area of the clarifier ( ( ) )

Solving for the diameter of the clarifier ( )

Solving for the height of the clarifier

ROTARY VACUUM FILTER Solving for the filtering area ( ( (from Hugot, 1986) ) )

Solving for the length (assumption)

EVAPORATOR Assuming the following: Effect 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Brix of Entering Juice 14 27 45 X Brix of Exiting Juice 27 45 X 65

Total Amount of Water Evaporated: CJ = 364.7575 tons

Amount of Water Evaporated at 1st effect:

Amount of Juice Entering the 2nd effect:

Amount of Water Evaporated at 2nd effect:

Amount of Juice Entering the 3rd effect:

From Hugot (1986), Table 3.4

Steam Supplied 1st effect 2nd effect 3rd effect 4th effect

Vapor per unit steam 1 0.923 0.972 1.047 1.162

Evaporation Coefficient -37 35 30 (ave) 30 (ave)

Let

Calculating P1 and P2,

Solving for x,

( ( )

Thus,

Calculating for the Heating Surfaces,

Calculating for Evaporator Dimensions, From Hugot (1986),

With this, we can get the Optimal Dimensions in each effect.

Parameter Tube Length (m) Tube Diameter (mm) Tube cross area (m2) Surface Area (m2) Number of tubes Vessel Length (m) pitch (m) total tube cross area (m2) collective diameter (m) diameter of center well diameter of vessel (m) Optimal Dimensions 2nd vessel 3rd vessel 3.5 3 38 44.43 0.001134 0.4178 135.0147 10.5 0.0513 0.1531 0.4415 0.1325 0.5299 0.00155 0.4187 117.8809 9 0.05998 0.1828 0.4824 0.1447 0.5789

1st vessel 4 35 0.000962 0.4398 415.0791 12 0.04725 0.3994 0.7131 0.2139 0.8557

4th vessel 2.5 50 0.001963 0.3927 125.6987 7.5 0.0675 0.2468 0.5606 0.1682 0.6727

**Where: ( )

Assume that Center Well Diameter is 30 % that of the Collective Tube Diameter

According to Hugot (1986), the Center Well Diameter is equal to of the Vessel Diameter

VACUUM PANS Vacuum pans (Batch Pan A) Solving for mass of vacuum pan A inlet

Solving for volume of vacuum pan A inlet (from BUSCO)

Solving for volume required of vacuum pan A

( (

)( )( )

Solving for heating surface area (for tube length 1000mm)

Solving for level of syrup in the pan (from Hugot)

)(

Solving for the diameter of vacuum pan A

( ( ( ) )

Solving for the height ( ( ) )

Vacuum pans (Batch Pan B) Solving for mass of vacuum pan B inlet

Solving for volume of vacuum pan B inlet (from BUSCO)

Solving for volume required of vacuum pan B

( (

)( )( )

Solving for heating surface area (for tube length 1000mm)

Solving for level of syrup in the pan (from Hugot, 1986)

)(

Solving for the diameter of vacuum pan B

( ( ( ) )

Solving for the height ( ( ) )

Vacuum pans (Batch Pan C) Solving for mass of vacuum pan C inlet

Solving for volume of vacuum pan C inlet (from BUSCO)

Solving for volume required of vacuum pan C

( (

)( )( )

Solving for heating surface area (for tube length 1000mm)

Solving for level of syrup in the pan (from Hugot, 1986)

)(

Solving for the diameter of vacuum pan C

( ( ( ) )

Solving for the height ( )

CENTRIFUGAL Centrifugal A Solving for the volume of A-massecuite

Solving for average centrifugal A capacity ( )( )( )( )

Solving for number of units in the centrifugal

Centrifugal B Solving for the volume of B-massecuite

Solving for average centrifugal B capacity ( )( )

Solving for number of units in the centrifugal

STORAGE TANK Mixed Juice Tank Solving for the volume of the mixed juice

(from BUSCO)

Solving for the required volume of the tank

(from BUSCO manual) ( ( )( )( )( ) )

Solving for the height of the juice (assumption)

( ( )

Solving for the height of the tank

Assume that 80% of the height of the mixed juice tank is the height of the juice

Milk of Lime Tank Solving for the volume of the milk of lime

(from BUSCO)

Solving for the volume required of the tank (from BUSCO) ( ( )( )( )( ) )

Solving for the height of the milk of lime (assumption)

( ( )

Solving for the height of the tank

Assume that 80% of the height of the milk of lime tank is the height of the milk of lime

Limed Juice Tank Solving for the weight of the limed juice

Solving for the volume of the limed juice (from BUSCO)

Solving for the volume required of the tank (from BUSCO) ( ( )( )( )( ) )

Solving for the height of the limed juice (assumption)

( ( )

Solving for the height of the tank

Assume that 80% of the height of the tank is the height of the limed juice

Clarified Juice Tank Solving for the volume of the clarified juice

(from BUSCO)

Solving for the volume required of the tank (from BUSCO) ( ( )( )( )( ) )

Solving for the height of the clarified juice (assumption)

( ( )

Solving for the height of the tank

Assume that 80% of the height of the tank is the height of the clarified juice

Syrup Tank

Solving for the volume of the syrup

(from BUSCO)

Solving for the volume required of the tank (from BUSCO) ( ( )( ) ( ) )

Solving for the height of the syrup (assumption)

( ( )

Solving for the height of the tank

Assume that 80% of the height of the tank is the height of the syrup

Magma Tank Solving for the volume of magma

(from BUSCO)

Solving for the volume required of the tank (from BUSCO) ( ( )( )( ) ( ) )

Solving for the height of magma (assumption)

( ( )

Solving for the height of the tank

Assume that 80% of the height of the tank is the height of the magma

B-Molasses Tank Solving for the volume of the B-molasses

(from BUSCO)

Solving for the volume required of the tank (from BUSCO) ( ( )( )( ) ( ) )

Solving for the height of B-molasses (assumption)

( ( )

Solving for the height of the tank

Assume that 80% of the height of the tank is the height of B-molasses

A-molasses Tank Solving for the volume of A-molasses

(from BUSCO)

Solving for the volume required of the tank (from BUSCO) ( ( )( )( )( ) )

Solving for the height of A-molasses (assumption)

( ( )

Solving for the height of the tank

Assume that 80% of the height of the tank is the height of A-molasses

Final Molasses Tank Solving for the volume of final molasses

(from BUSCO)

Solving for the volume required of the tank (2 tanks) (from BUSCO) ( ( )( )( )( ) )

Solving for the height of the final molasses (assumption)

( ( )

Solving for the height of the tank

Assume that 80% of the height of the tank is the height of the molasses