Name of the NTC Guidance Document Document type: Guideline Creator: Simone Cavallini Reviewer: Angel-Luis Rivada Approver:

Samur Worasilpchai Date approved: 2002-05-31 Function: Table of contents 1. INTRODUCTION

................................................................................ ..................................................... 4 2. ADAPTIVE MULTI RATE

................................................................................ ...................................... 4 2.1 WHY AMR?

................................................................................ .............................................................. 4 2.2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF AMR

................................................................................ .................................... 5 2.3 WHAT IS LINK ADAPTATION (LA)?

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............................... 6 2.4 CODEC MODE ADAPTATION

................................................................................ ........................................... 6 2.5 LINK ADAPTATION

................................................................................ ........................................................ 7 3. BENEFITS OF AMR

................................................................................ ................................................ 8 3.1 SPEECH QUALITY ENHANCEMENT

................................................................................ ..................................... 8 3.2 CAPACITY AND COVERAGE GAIN

................................................................................ ...................................... 9 3.3 SIGNALLING CHANNEL PERFORMANCE

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............................... 9 3.4 IMPROVED BCCH PLAN

................................................................................ ................................................ 9 3.5 MIXED EFR AMR TRAFFIC NETWORKS

................................................................................ ....................... 9 3.6 HALF RATE UTILISATION

................................................................................ .......................................... 10 4. AMR PARAMETERS

................................................................................ ............................................. 10 4.1 INITIAL CODEC MODE SELECTION

................................................................................ .................................... 10 4.2 CODEC MODE ADAPTATION

................................................................................ ........................................... 11 4.3 CONFIGURATION IN HANDOVERS

................................................................................ .................................... 12 4.4 HO&PC THRESHOLDS PARAMETERS FOR AMR

................................................................................ ............. 12 4.5 CHANNEL MODE ADAPTATION

................................................................................ ....................................... 13 4.6 PRIORITISATION OF AMR CAPABLE CELLS DURING INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL HANDOVERS

..................................... 14 4.7 DIRECT ACCESS TO DESIRED LAYER/BAND (DADL/B)

................................................................................ ..... 14

4.8 IFH AND IUO

................................................................................ .......................................................... 15 5. PERFORMANCE OF AMR

................................................................................ ................................... 15 5.1 AMR IN ONE-LAYER NETWORK

................................................................................ .................................... 15 5.2 AMR IN TWO-LAYER NETWORK (IFH)

................................................................................ ......................... 17 5.3 PERFORMANCE IN HR AMR

................................................................................ ....................................... 19 5.4 PERFORMANCE IN BCCH LAYER

................................................................................ .................................. 21 6. PARAMETERS SUMMARY

................................................................................ ................................. 22 Nokia Networks Company Confidential 1 (42) 7. BSC CAPACITY

................................................................................ ..................................................... 23 7.1 AMR HALF RATE

................................................................................ ....................................................... 23 8. PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

................................................................................ .......................... 24 9. TRAFFIC MEASUREMENTS

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............................... 24 9.1 TCH TRAFFIC TIME, ALL CALLS (TRF_119)

................................................................................ ................... 24 9.2 CS CALL SAMPLES, NON-AMR CALL (TRF_113)

................................................................................ ............ 24 9.3 TCH TRAFFIC TIME, NON-AMR CALLS (TRF_115)

................................................................................ ........ 25 9.4 CS CALL SAMPLES, AMR CALL (TRF_114)

................................................................................ ................... 25 9.5 TCH TRAFFIC TIME, AMR CALLS (TRF_116)

................................................................................ ............... 25 9.6 TCH TRAFFIC TIME, FR AMR CALLS (TRF_117)

................................................................................ .......... 26 9.7 TCH TRAFFIC TIME, HR AMR CALLS (TRF_118)

................................................................................ ......... 26 9.8 AMR CAPABLE MOBILE USAGE RATIO

................................................................................ ............................ 26 9.9 AMR TCH SEIZURES

................................................................................ ................................................ 27 9.10 AMR TCH SEIZURES RATIO TO ALL TCH SEIZURES

................................................................................ .... 27 9.11 AMR TCH SEIZURES RATIO TO ALL SPEECH TCH SEIZURES

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27 9.12 TCH TRAFFIC SHARE OF AMR CALLS

................................................................................ ........................ 28 9.13 TCH TRAFFIC SHARE OF FR AMR CALLS

................................................................................ ................... 28 9.14 TCH TRAFFIC SHARE OF AMR HR CALLS

................................................................................ .................. 28 10. QUALITY INDICATORS BASED ON BER MEASUREMENTS

.................................................... 28 10.1 DL CUMULATIVE QUALITY % IN CLASS X, HR AMR,S10 (DLQ_4)

.............................................................. 30 10.2 DL CUMULATIVE QUALITY % IN CLASS X, FR AMR,S10 (DLQ_5)

...............................................................

30 10.3 UL CUMULATIVE QUALITY % IN CLASS X, HR AMR,S10 (ULQ_4)

.............................................................. 30 10.4 UL CUMULATIVE QUALITY % IN CLASS X, FR AMR,S10 (ULQ_5)

............................................................... 30 10.5 DL CUMULATIVE QUALITY % IN CLASS X,S10 (DLQ_6)

................................................................................ 31 10.6 UL CUMULATIVE QUALITY % IN CLASS X,S10 (ULQ_6)

................................................................................ 31 10.7 DL CUMULATIVE QUALITY % IN CLASS X FOR FR AMR CODEC MODE Z

....................................................... 31 10.8 DL CUMULATIVE QUALITY % IN CLASS X FOR HR AMR CODEC MODE Z

...................................................... 32 10.9 UL CUMULATIVE QUALITY % IN CLASS X FOR FR AMR CODEC MODE Z

....................................................... 32 10.10 UL CUMULATIVE QUALITY % IN CLASS X FOR HR AMR CODEC MODE Z

.................................................... 32 11. QUALITY INDICATORS BASED ON FER MEASUREMENTS

.................................................... 32 11.1 DL QUALITY %, FER BASED, S10 (DLQ_3)

................................................................................ ............... 34 11.2 DL QUALITY 0-5 % EFR, FER BASED, S10 (DLQ_9)

................................................................................ 34 11.3 DL QUALITY 0-5 % AMR FR, FER BASED, S10 (DLQ_11)

....................................................................... 34 12. HANDOVER MEASUREMENTS

................................................................................ ....................... 35 12.1 HO ATTEMPTS, OUTGOING AND INTRA-CELL, S10, (HO_13 )

......................................................................... 35 12.2 AMR FR TO HR HO SUCCESS

................................................................................ ................................ 36 12.3 AMR HR TO FR HO SUCCESS

................................................................................ ................................ 36 13. IMPACT ON DROPPED CALL RATIO

................................................................................ ............ 37 13.1 TRANSCODER FAILURE RATIO, AMR FR (DCR_19)

................................................................................ ...... 37

13.2 TRANSCODER FAILURE RATIO, AMR HR (DCR_20)

................................................................................ ..... 37 13.3 TRANSCODER FAILURE RATIO, (DCR_21)

................................................................................ ...................... 37 14. AMR CODEC SET DOWNGRADES AND UPGRADES

.................................................................. 38 14.1 CODEC SET UPGRADE ATTEMPTS, S10 (AMR_1)

................................................................................ ............ 38 14.2 CODEC SET DOWNGRADE ATTEMPTS, S10 (AMR_2)

................................................................................ ....... 38 14.3 CODEC SET UPGRADE FAILURE RATIO, S10 (AMR_3)

................................................................................

...... 39 14.4 CODEC SET DOWNGRADE FAILURE RATIO, S10 (AMR_4)

................................................................................ . 39 Nokia Networks Company Confidential 2 (42) 15. CODEC MODE SHARE

................................................................................ ....................................... 39 15.1 CODEC MODE Z SHARE IN AMR FR CALLS

................................................................................ ................. 39 15.2 CODEC MODE Z SHARE IN AMR HR CALLS

................................................................................ ................ 40 16. REFERENCES

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41 17. ABBREVIATIONS

................................................................................ ................................................ 41 18. APPENDIX A: NOKIA BSS10 AMR SOLUTION

............................................................................. 42 19. HISTORY

................................................................................ ............................................................... 42

................................................................................ ................................................................................ ..... 42 Nokia Networks Company Confidential 3 (42) 1. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this document is to explain the theory and the practice implement ation of the Nokia feature adaptive multi rate (AMR), how the AMR is implemented in Nokias ne twork elements, how to choose the right parameters related to AMR, how to analyse the quality of the network and the optimisation process. Also some planning examples are presented. 2. ADAPTIVE MULTI RATE 2.1 Why AMR?

GSM speech codecs (full rate - FR, half rate - HR and enhanced full rate - EFR) operate at a fixed coding rate. Channel protection (against errors) is added also at a fixed rate. The coding rates are chosen as a compromise between best clear channel performance and robustness to channel errors. The AMR system exploits the implied performance compromises by adapting the speech and channel coding rates according to the quality of the radio channel. This giv es better clear channel quality and better robustness to errors. These benefits are realised whe ther operating in full-rate or half-rate channels. An example to explain this concept in a more in tuitive way can be this: consider the situation where the mobile is in a zone of the cell border wh ere you have a bad C/I (for example 7dB). With EFR you have a degradation of the quality of the spe ech due to interference. On the other hand, with AMR similar quality can be achieved with a reduced number of speech coded bits, which allows more bits to be used for error protection and correction (see Figure 1). As well as quality improvements, the need to enhance capacity by allocating half -rate channels to some or all mobiles is also recognised. The radio resource algorithm, enhanced t o support AMR operation, allocates a half-rate or full-rate channel according to channel quali ty and the traffic load on the cell in order to obtain the best balance between quality and capacity. An example of the increase in capacity can be this: in normal C/I condition two voice channels can use a single timeslot in the case of Half rate coding (HR) with little or no compromise in vo ice quality compared to EFR (see Figure 2). Optimal interworking with power control and handover algorithms together with en hanced quality measurements (FER Measurement feature) will provide full benefits and interworki ng with prior Nokia capacity features including Intelligent Frequency Hopping (IFH). 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 No Errors 16 dB C/I 13 dB C/I 10 dB C/I 7 dB C/I 4 dB C/I MOS(Mean Opinion Score) EFR AMR FR AMR Full Rate performance compared to Full Rate EFR in Clean Speech Figure 1: ETSI Mean Opinion Score test results for current EFR and AMR FR Nokia Networks Company Confidential 4 (42)

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 No Errors 19 dB C/I 16 dB C/I 13 dB C/I 10 dB C/I 7 dB C/I 4 dB C/I FR AMR HR AMR Half Rate performance compared to Full Rate in Clean Speech MOS (Mean Opinion Score) Figure 2: ETSI Mean Opinion Score test results for current FR and AMR HR 2.2 General description of AMR AMR consists of 8 different speech codec modes with total of 14 channel codec mo des (see Table 1). Table 1: Channel and speech codec modes for AMR Channel mode Channel codec Mode Source coding bit-rate, speech Net bit-rate, in-band channel Channel coding bit-rate, speech Channel coding bit-rate, inband CH0-FS 12.20kbit/s (GSMEFR) 0.10 kbit/s 10.20 kbit/s 0.30 kbit/s CH1-FS 10.20 kbit/s 0.10 kbit/s 12.20 kbit/s 0.30 kbit/s CH2-FS 7.95 kbit/s 0.10 kbit/s 14.45 kbit/s 0.30 kbit/s TCH/FR CH3-FS

7.40 kbit/s (IS-641) 0.10 kbit/s 15.00 kbit/s 0.30 kbit/s CH4-FS 6.70 kbit/s 0.10 kbit/s 15.70 kbit/s 0.30 kbit/s CH5-FS 5.90 kbit/s 0.10 kbit/s 16.50 kbit/s 0.30 kbit/s CH6-FS 5.15 kbit/s 0.10 kbit/s 17.25 kbit/s 0.30 kbit/s CH7-FS 4.75 kbit/s 0.10 kbit/s 17.65 kbit/s 0.30 kbit/s CH8-HS 7.95 kbit/s (*) 0.10 kbit/s 3.25 kbit/s 0.10 kbit/s TCH/HR CH9-HS 7.40 kbit/s (IS-641) 0.10 kbit/s 3.80 kbit/s 0.10 kbit/s CH10-HS 6.70 kbit/s 0.10 kbit/s 4.50 kbit/s 0.10 kbit/s CH11-HS 5.90 kbit/s 0.10 kbit/s 5.30 kbit/s 0.10 kbit/s CH12-HS 5.15 kbit/s 0.10 kbit/s 6.05 kbit/s 0.10 kbit/s CH13-HS 4.75 kbit/s 0.10 kbit/s 6.45 kbit/s 0.10 kbit/s (*) Requires 16 kbit/s TRAU. Therefore it is not seen as a feasible codec mode a nd will not be supported by Nokia BSS10. Nokia Networks Company Confidential

5 (42) Codec mode adaptation for AMR is based on received channel quality estimation in both MS and BTS, followed by a decision on the most appropriate speech and channel codec mod e to apply at a given time. In high-error conditions more bits are used for error correction t o obtain error robust coding, while in good transmission conditions a lower amount of bits is needed f or sufficient error protection and more bits can therefore be allocated for source coding. An in-band signalling channel is defined for AMR that enables the MS and the BTS to exchange messages on applied or requested speech and channel codec modes. The above menti oned selected speech codec mode is then sent, by using the in-band signalling channel , to the transmitting side, where it is applied for the other link. BTS commands the MS t o apply a particular speech codec mode in the uplink, but MS can only request BTS to apply a particul ar speech codec mode in the downlink because BTS has an option to override the MSs reques t. MS shall support all speech codec modes, although only a set of up to 4 speech c odec modes is used during a call. BSC supports all of speech codec modes, except 7.95 kbit/s o n HR channel, and it has one default set for each channel mode. The default codec sets include also a default set of decision thresholds and hysteresis. The initial codec mode and codec set with thresholds and hysteresis are transferred between network elements and MS by using the existing layer 3 signalling, i.e. the basic principles for EFR are reused. Only a few add-ons are needed. The AMR system makes use of the in-band signalling for the link adaptation. Furt her, for each codec mode set there is an associated set of decision thresholds for mapping the channel quality measurements to the Mode Commands/Requests. 2.3 What is Link Adaptation (LA)? Link Adaptation is the capacity of AMR feature to vary the codec used according to the link conditions. In this way both network, for uplink, and MS, for downlink, measure the radio conditions in each link and take decisions on which codec should be applied to e ach way. Two different types of link adaptation algorithms are defined: Codec Mode Adaptation and Channel Mode Adaptation. Channel Mode Adaptation algorithm decides on whether the speech can be handled b y a Full Rate Channel or by a Half Rate Channel according to the link conditions. Whereas , for the channel selected, the Codec Mode Adaptation algorithm decides which codec is the one that provides the best speech quality for the current radio conditions. That is, as e ach codec has different channel protection and speech encoding performance, the idea of the co dec mode

adaptation is to select the codec that provides the best speech quality for the radio conditions that the receivers are submitted to. 2.4 Codec Mode Adaptation There are two link adaptation (LA) modes; the ETSI specified fast LA and the Nok ia proprietary slow LA. Fast LA BTS allows in-band codec mode changes on every other TCH frame, but in Nokia proprietary slow LA BTS allows in-band codec mode changes only on SACCH fr ame interval. The choice of the LA mode is done on BSC basis with the parameter slowAmrLaEnabled: if it is set to "N" (default) it is used ETSI fast LA; if it i s set to "Y" it used Nokia slow LA. With slow LA, BTS allows in-band codec mode changes only on the S ACCH frame interval of 480 ms and this option give better flexibility with HO & PC algorith ms. During both LA modes BTS indicates the first and the last used codec during the last measurement interval and the average quality. As already said BTS commands the M S to apply a particular speech codec mode in the uplink, but MS can only request BTS to apply a particular Nokia Networks Company Confidential 6 (42) speech codec mode in the downlink because BTS has an option to override the MSs request (see Figure 3). The codec mode bit-rate, i.e. the bit-rate partitioning between the speech and c hannel coding for a given channel mode, may be varied rapidly (see Figure 4) to track changes in the radio link and to account for specific input conditions (speech signal characteristics, acous tic environmental characteristics, etc.). The codec mode can be switched one up or one down at the time so that it is not possible to switch from the mode 12.2 kbit/s to 4.75 kbit/s when for example the modes 5.9 k bit/s and 7.4 kbit/s are included to the mode set. Also, it should be noted that codec changes do not take place immediately after the Codec Mode Command/Request is sent: there is a delay until a frame is received with the new codec. Codec mode adaptation operate independently on the up- and down- links. It is tr ansparent to the channel allocation and operate independently of it. Control depends mainly on me asurements of the quality of the respective links. 2.5 Link Adaptation Link adaptation consists in channel mode (i.e. handovers between FR and HR) and codec mode (i.e. source and channel bit-rates for a given channel mode). Details are explai ned in paragraph 4.2 and 4.4. The channel mode (FR or HR) is switched to achieve the optimum balance between s

peech quality and capacity enhancements. The up- and down-links shall use the same cha nnel mode. The channel mode is selected by the network based on measurements of the quality of the upand down-links. Figure 3: Codec Mode Adaptation Nokia Networks Company Confidential 7 (42) 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 0 5 1 0 1 5 20 2 5 3 0 T im e[s] [dB] C /I E F R o p e ra tio n A M R m o d e 1 2.2 k b it/s 7 .95 k b it/s 6 .70 k b it/s 5 .90 k b it/s A M R M o d e C /I Figure 4: Codec Mode Adaptation 3. BENEFITS OF AMR 3.1 Speech quality enhancement There is a gain in quality by using AMR speech codecs compared to previous GSM s peech codecs (FR, EFR, and HR) (see Figure 5). At first, with high C/I the EFR quality is obtained. Then, AMR link adaptation maintains good speech quality in the situation where the con nection faces low C/I due to high interference or low signal level. Therefore, the impact on a verage speech quality based on AMR full-rate codec is clear. Naturally, this requires an effec tive link adaptation algorithm. 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Conditions

MOS EFR 12.2 10.2 7.95 7.4 6.7 5.9 5.15 4.75 EFR 4.01 4.01 3.65 3.05 1.53 12.2 4.01 4.06 4.13 3.93 3.44 1.46 10.2 4.06 3.96 4.05 3.80 2.04 7.95 3.91 4.01 4.08 3.96 3.26 1.43 7.4 3.83 3.94 3.98 3.84 3.11 1.39 6.7 3.77 3.80 3.86 3.29 1.87 5.9 3.72 3.69 3.59 2.20 5.15 3.50 3.58 3.44 2.43 4.75

3.50 3.52 3.43 2.66 No Errors C/I=16 dB C/I=13 dB C/I=10 dB C/I= 7 dB C/I= 4 dB C/I= 1 dB Figure 5: MOS values for certain C/I (clean speech in FR) Nokia Networks Company Confidential 8 (42) 3.2 Capacity and coverage gain Link level results illustrated very high improvement in the terms of TCH FER whe n robust AMR modes were used. As high as 6 dB improvement at 1% FER in C/I was achieved. Ther efore, high capacity gain can be expected when robust AMR modes are utilised. In addition, i ncreased robustness to channel errors can be utilised in the cell coverage, i.e. lower C/ N can be allowed at the cell edge. However, in the mixed traffic case the cell coverage has to be pl anned according to EFR mobiles. 3.3 Signalling channel performance With AMR the performance of traffic channels TCH for speech is improved. However , it is interesting to check also the performance of signalling channels such as SACCH a nd FACCH which are carried by the same TSL. From FER point of view, the robustness of tho se signalling channels is not as high as for traffic channels (higher FER for the same CIR tha n in traffic channels). However, for these signalling channels FER is not a fair parameter to pay attention to but the probability of decoding success of the signalling message. In this way, due to retransmissions schemes used by these channels the probability of signalling suc cess maintain very high even for very degraded conditions. 3.4 Improved BCCH plan Since the average C/I found in a cell area can be measurably less than that used in a non-AMR network and still provide comparable quality to EFR, the existing clean BCCH lay er can be tightened, potentially releasing frequencies to be used on the non-BCCH layer. T his offers improved speech quality and extra capacity for TCH, especially in the narrow ban d deployment (frequency band less than 5 MHz). However, if EFR roaming mobiles are to be take n care of, the BCCH will have to be planned accordingly. 3.5 Mixed EFR AMR traffic networks

In many real networks, the AMR mobile penetration will start to grow on top of E FR traffic. Therefore, one major task to study is the mixed AMR EFR case. Is there any capac ity gain when the AMR penetration is small? How to plan networks to ensure the quality for the old EFR mobiles? One method to realise AMR gain is to use more aggressive power adjustment for AM R mobiles in order to decrease the average interference level in the network. Due to better e rror correction capability against the channel errors lower C/I target can be set for AMR mobile s hence lower PC thresholds can be used. Therefore, the overall interference decreases in the net work (smaller average transmission power) and thus the quality of the existing EFR connections increase. For example, when AMR FR mode of 7.4 kbit/s is in use instead of the mode 12.2 kbit/ s, the target C/I can be set 3 4 dB lower. Quality increase can be turned into capacity by allowin g more users to the network, or the number of frequencies can be decreased if the traffic remain s the same. Naturally, this increased frequency efficiency is a quality to capacity trade-of f for AMR mobiles. There is a small quality loss in the terms of speech quality when AMR codec mode of 7.4 kbit/s is used instead of the mode 12.2 kbit/s. The usage of AMR speech codecs offers an additional gain in two-layer IFH networ k where the calls can be separated by the current quality. In that approach, the idea is to push all the good quality connections to super layer where the frequency reuse is much tighter tha n in the regular layer. Therefore, the frequency efficiency increases as a function of super laye r usage. Since AMR mobiles can be regarded as good quality connections with lower C/I value, lower access threshold can be used for AMR connections. Then, the usage of the super layer increases in relation to AMR penetration. Moreover, the regular layer ensures the good signal quality for the existing EFR connections. Nokia Networks Company Confidential 9 (42) 3.6 Half Rate utilisation Half-rate is an efficient way to increase capacity in the case of limited number of TRXs per cell. A half-rate connection uses the channel only every second burst. In theory, HR uti lisation doubles the capacity of the cell since two half-rate connections can be allocated to fil l only one timeslot. When the comparison between AMR HR codecs and previous GSM HR codec is made, it is noticed that AMR HR obtains remarkable better speech quality. Moreover, AMR FR o btains better quality than AMR HR only when higher FR modes than 7.4 are used (due to higher n umber of

speech coding bits). For example, AMR FR 7.4 kbit/s mode and AMR HR 7.4 kbit/s m ode have the same speech quality when the C/I is high (error free case). In theory for ideal frequency hopping about 11-12 dB C/I is required for AMR HR to obtain the evaluated good speech quality limit (in real networks, depending on the BTS conf iguration and on FH mode used, it might be necessary 1-4 dB higher). In theory, all connections h aving at least 12 dB C/I could be handed over to HR channel remaining the good speech quality. Whe n two FR connections are handed over to HR channel and allocated to fill only one timeslo t, the other timeslot will be free for new allocations (1 FR or 2 HRs). In reality the channe l allocation and repacking algorithms (see paragraph 4.5), measurement delays and increased intra cell handovers limit the performance. In addition, HR connections require higher C/I for the sa me quality than FR thus higher transmission powers are needed for HR connections. 4. AMR PARAMETERS In this chapter the AMR related parameters are taken into account. In appendix A there is an extract with all the ranges and the default values. Some aspects of the AMR func tionality will be explained with the related parameters. All the parameters are on cell basis. 4.1 Initial codec mode selection The two parameters amrConfigurationFR: codecModeSet and amrConfigurationHR: codecModeSet specify which of the possible speech coding bit-rate are implemente d in the serving cell: default values are 12.2, 7.4, 5.9 and 4.75 Kb/s (for FR) and 7.4, 5.9 and 4.75 Kb/s (for HR). MS supports all speech codec modes, although only a set of up to 4 speech c odec modes is used during a call (codec set can be updated during the call, e.g. HO) and BSC s upports all speech codec modes, except 7.95 kbit/s on HR channel. The Initial Codec mode to start the speech coding operation at call set-up and a fter handover may be signalled by layer 3 signalling, in which case it shall be used by BTS and MS . With the parameters amrConfigurationFr: initCodecMode, amrConfigurationFr: star tMode, amrConfigurationHr: initCodecMode and amrConfigurationHr: startMode you can sel ect a different codec mode from the default ones: If the initial codec mode is set to "0" (default) then the Initial codec mode is defined by the implicit rule provid ed in GSM 05.09 "1" Initial codec mode is defined by amrConfigurationFr: startMode. * The implicit rule provided in GSM 05.09 depending on the number of codecs in ACS:

1 mode, ICM = Only codec defined in ACS; Nokia Networks Company Confidential 10 (42) 2 or 3 modes, ICM = the most robust mode of ACS (lowest bit rate); 4 modes, ICM = second most robust mode of the set * amrConfigurationFr: startMode 00: Codec mode 1 (the most robust mode of ACS) 01: Codec mode 2 10: Codec mode 3 11: Codec mode 4 * The most robust codec available (less bit rate for speech) is recommended. With initAmrChannelRate parameter you define the initial channel in call set-up (except FACCH call set-up), internal inter cell handover (HO) and external HO for an AMR call. The default value is "Any Rate" and this means that the chosen channel rate is defined by taking into account the currently used information (Channel Type IE, resource situation on radio interfa ce, circuit pool, current channel rate, handover parameters, etc.). The other option is "AMR FR", which means that full rate channel is allocated despite of the values of the currently used infor mation. If AMR FR cannot be allocated, then allocation is continued with the currently used inform ation. The reason behind this last parameter is that quality may not be sufficient for HR AMR call set-up (radio measurement is done on SDCCH). 4.2 Codec mode adaptation With the parameters amrConfigurationFr: threshold1, amrConfigurationFr: thr eshold2, amrConfigurationFr: threshold3 it is possible to define the thresholds for switc hing respectively from codec mode 2 (second lowest bit-rate) to codec mode 1 (lowest bit-rate most robust), from codec mode 3 to codec mode 2 and from codec mode 4 (highest bit-rate less robust ) to codec mode 3. The recommended values are 4dB, 7dB, and 11dB (in ideal conditions simulations s how that also the values 6dB, 9dB and 13dB give good results in terms of FER (Frame Error ate) and MOS degradation): higher thresholds means that most robust codecs are used, lower th resholds imply that less robust codecs are used. Aggressive (low C/I) thresholds increases the number of TCH frame errors since t he high modes are used even with low C/I values. Conversely, thresholds that are set too high decrease the usage of higher modes thus some speech quality is lost due to lower number of sp eech bits. With the parameters amrConfigurationFr: hysteresis1, amrConfigurationFr: hystere

sis2 and amrConfigurationFr: hysteresis3 together with AMR FR thresholds, it is possible to define the threshold for switching from one codec mode to another. The thresholds and the r elated hysteresis must be in consistent order, that is, AMR FR threshold 1 and AMR FR h ysteresis 1 must be equal to or smaller than AMR FR threshold 2 and AMR FR hysteresis 2 and AMR FR threshold 2 and AMR FR hysteresis 2 must be equal to or smaller than AMR FR thre shold 3 and AMR FR hysteresis 3. For HR configuration there are the parameters amrConfigurationHr: thresh old1, amrConfigurationHr: threshold2, amrConfigurationHr: threshold3, amrConfigura tionHr: hysteresis1, amrConfigurationHr: hysteresis2 and amrConfigurationHr: hysteresis3 . In case of only three codec modes (default HR codecModeSet) threshold 3 and hysteresis 3 are set to "0" in order not to use them. The basic AMR set for FR and HR channels on BSC are in and in : Nokia Networks Company Confidential 11 (42) Codec Mode Threshold (C/I) Hysteresis (C/I) Lower threshold (C/I) Upper threshold (C/I) 12.2 11 1 11 7.4 7 1 7 12 5.9 4 1 4 8 4.75 5 Table 2: basic AMR FR codec set Codec

Mode Threshold (C/I) Hysteresis (C/I) Lower threshold (C/I) Upper threshold (C/I) 7.4 14 1 14 5.9 11 1 11 15 4.75 12 Table 3: basic AMR HR codec set Lower threshold in the tables above means towards more robust codec and upper th reshold means towards less robust codec. 4.3 Configuration in handovers Two BSC related parameter refers to the behaviour during internal and external h andovers: amrConfInHandovers and amrSetGradesEnabl. With the first parameter it is possible to define the preference between the cur rently used multirate configuration and the one defined for the target BTS during internal and externa l handovers. With the value "1" (default) the currently used multirate configuration is preferred in further channel allocations; with the value "2" the multirate configuration of target BTS is pre ferred in further channel allocations. With the second parameter it is possible to define whether codec mode set downgr ades during internal HOs and upgrades after internal HOs are applied or not. Its value can b e "Y" or "N": with "Y" downgrades and upgrades are applied, with "N" (default value) these upgrades and downgrades are not applied. 4.4 HO&PC thresholds parameters for AMR RxQual thresholds (either HO and PC) are specified for FR and HR AMR sets: Power Control Handover Pc lower threshold dl Rx qual AMR FR threshold dl Rx qual for AMR FR Pc lower threshold dl Rx qual AMR HR

threshold dl Rx qual AMR HR Pc lower threshold ul Rx qual AMR FR threshold ul Rx qual AMR FR Pc lower threshold ul Rx qual AMR HR threshold ul Rx qual AMR HR Pc upper threshold dl Rx qual AMR FR Pc upper threshold dl Rx qual AMR HR Pc upper threshold ul Rx qual AMR FR Pc upper threshold ul Rx qual AMR HR With these parameters it is possible to define the threshold level of the signal quality downlink/uplink measurements for triggering the handover. Default values for these new thresholds are set according to the default AMR codec sets. Current Nx and Px va lues of RxQual thresholds are used. Nokia Networks Company Confidential 12 (42) If operator wants to replace or remove a most robust mode on AMR set, the corres ponding PC and HO RxQual thresholds has to be edited manually. This also applies to the lea st robust mode. Replacement or removal of a middle mode on AMR set does not effect on the new PC and HO thresholds. One solution to benefit from AMR penetration is to use more aggressive (higher v alues) power control for AMR mobiles and thus decrease the average interference. This can be done by having different power control thresholds for AMR mobiles. By using higher thresholds for AMR mobiles (1-2 classes more), lower transmission powers are used and therefore less inter ference is caused. 4.5 Channel mode adaptation RxQual HO thresholds are specified for FR and HR AMR and they are taken into acc ount when making intra-cell handovers between FR AMR and HR AMR: amrHandoverFR an d amrHandoverHR. Current Nx and Px values of RxQual thresholds are used. With th ese parameter it is possible to define the threshold level of the signal quality dow nlink and uplink measurements for triggering the intra-cell handover process for an AMR FR call i n order to switch it to an AMR HR call and vice-versa. These two parameters together with the parameters lower limit for FR TCH resour ces and upper limit for FR TCH resources (btsLoadDepTCHRate) and are used to control pac king of FR calls to HR AMR calls due to cell load and unpacking of HR calls to FR AMR ca lls due to call quality. In fact half-rate channels can be used without a noticeable speech qual ity loss in high C/I conditions. However, with low C/I the speech quality decreases a lot and therefo re it is essential to choose the best connections when FR to HR handovers are performed. In addition, if the

availability of full-rate timeslots is good in the certain cell, all connections could be kept in full-rate in order to optimise the quality and minimise the number of intra-cell handovers . In Figure 6 there is a simple example on way how packing works. Spontaneous packing of FR AMR calls to HR AMR calls is triggered when the cell l oad is high enough, i.e. the number of free full rate resources reduces below the value of t he parameter lower limit for FR TCH resources (according to the BTS level parameter, if it co ntradicts with the BSC level parameter). Packing continues until the cell load is low enough, i.e. the number of free full rate resources increases above the value of the parameter upper limit for FR TCH resources (according to the BTS level parameter, if it contradicts with the BSC level parameter). Spontaneous packing is triggered by any new channel allocation. Figure 6: packing of FR calls to HR AMR calls due to cell load Nokia Networks Company Confidential 13 (42) Free FR TCHs Time Upper limit for free FR TCHs Lower limit for free FR TCHs No packing of AMR FR calls Packing of AMR FR calls No packing of AMR FR calls BSC keeps record of the FR and HR AMR calls per BTS and corresponding counters a re updated during channel allocations and releases. After a new channel allocation BSC make s a request to perform an intra-cell HO for N amount of calls. Packing request is d one with a new unacknowledged procedure. BSC performs the ordered HOs for FR AMR calls, whose q uality is above the amrHandoverFR (intra HO threshold RxQual for AMR FR) and which use the least robust codec mode. A packing request is valid until it is overwritten by a new o ne. A packing request, which indicates the amount N as 0, is used to remove any pending packin g requests. Moreover, algorithm tries to fill the timeslots in HR channel pairs or tries to find an empty half for one HR channel allocation. Before FR HR handover decision the number of timeslot s having only one HR connection are measured. For example, if there is only one half time slot available, that is allocated first. Then, if more FR HR handovers are required, those will be made in pairs so that two FR connections are selected and allocated to same timeslot. Spontaneous unpacking of HR AMR calls to FR AMR calls is triggered when the qual ity of a HR AMR call degrades below the amrHandoverHR (intra HO threshold RxQual for AMR HR) . Cell load does not have an effect.

FR and HR AMR call counters of BSC are again updated during channel allocations and releases. With packing and unpacking hard blocking decreases compared to pure FR case. Mor eover, low average TCH FER can be maintained based on the allocation criteria that only the good quality connections are allocated to HR channels. 4.6 Prioritisation of AMR capable cells during internal and external handovers In order to support AMR call continuation also after internal or external HO, th e handover target cell list is manipulated so, that AMR capable cells which load is low, are on th e top. The candidate cells on the target list are already pruned by the adjacent cell parameter hoMar ginPBGT. AMR capable cells are verified by the adjacent cell parameter amrDadlbTargetCell (AM R target cell of direct access to desired layer) and those AMR capable adjacent cells are priorit ised that are below the threshold of BTS parameter btsLoadThreshold (see Figure 7 n2). Prioritisation is only done when AMR call is the current call type. 4.7 Direct access to desired layer/band (DADL/B) In order to support 2nd generation BTSs in AMR environment, DADL/B is used to ha ndover AMR calls to co-located AMR capable cells during call set-up phase. Both intra and i nter BSC DADL/B handovers are possible and preferably inside one frequency band as the failure p robability is higher with DADL/B handovers between bands. Figure 7 n1 shows an example of DADL/ B. Figure 7: DADL/B and prioritisation Nokia Networks Company Confidential 14 (42) UltraSite (co-located) 2nd gen BTS TCH SDCCH ) DL/B used to direct MR iles to R capable cells 1) DADL/B used to direct AMR mobiles to AMR capable cells 2) Prioritisation of AMR capable cells in handovers 2) Prioritisation of AMR capable cells in handovers TCH assignment vs. DADL/B handover start: if AMR call is the aim and there are no TCHs available in the accessed cell, the n Directed Retry (DR) due to congestion, with or without queuing, is made; if on the other hand there are TCHs available in the accessed cell and there are adjacent cells defined as DADL/B handover target cells with the new parameter amrDadlbTargetCel l, then the DADL/B handover is applied. Adjacent cells are not verified according to t he MS capabilities (single band, dual band or tri-band), but they have to fulfil the c urrent signal level requirements in order to be considered as a target cell for DADL/B handover. Cur rent method

for sorting the target adjacent cells is used; if there are no DADL/B handover target cells defined, the TCH is allocated from the accessed cell and another speech codec than AMR is chosen. 4.8 IFH and IUO AMR specific good and bad C/I thresholds are specified for HR and FR AMR: super reuse good C/I threshold for AMR HR super reuse bad C/I threshold for AMR HR super reuse good C/I threshold for AMR FR super reuse bad C/I threshold for AMR FR Current Nx and Px values of C/I thresholds are used. The new threshold values for HR AMR serve also the basic HR. The current good an d bad threshold pair (super reuse good C/I threshold and super reuse bad C/I threshold ) is going to serve the basic FR. With these new thresholds operator can absorb more traffic i nto Supper layer. E.g. Reduce supper reuse good C/I threshold from 15 dB to 12 dB (EFR, AMR FR) Reduce supper reuse bad C/I threshold from 12 dB to 9 dB (EFR, AMR FR) Super for normal EFR C/I threshold 15/12 Regular Super for AMR-FR C/I threshold 12/9 Figure 8. AMR can absorb more traffic into Supper Layer in IUO/IFH 5. PERFORMANCE OF AMR In this chapter are presented some examples to better understand the performance s of AMR feature. As this feature is not yet widely implemented in real networks, it is n ot possible to have a complete record of cases from the planning point of view. 5.1 AMR in one-layer network It is now clear how the usage of AMR full-rate codecs improves the speech qualit y in the network. There are several possibilities to turn this increased quality to additional cap acity in the network. Nokia Networks Company Confidential 15 (42) Naturally, if there would be only AMR mobiles in the network, the frequency usag e could be easily increased by using tighter frequency reuse. However, most of the practical cases there will be mixed AMR and EFR mobiles in the network at the same time. Therefore, very tight frequency plan may not be allowed in order to maintain good speech quality with existing E FR calls. A way to benefit of AMR feature is to use more aggressive power control algorith

m for AMR capable mobile and thus decrease the average interference. In general, the uplin k and downlink transmission power of AMR capable mobile could be few dB less than non-AMR capab le mobiles. By this way, not only AMR capable mobile but also other mobiles will benefit fro m AMR solution because AMR capable mobiles require lower C/I level and generate less interferen ce. The level of improvement is dependent on the amount of AMR capable mobiles in the network. Th e higher AMR mobile penetration, the higher improvement could be achieved. With more aggr essive power control algorithm, AMR capable mobiles will also have longer talk time due to th e lower transmission power. Figure 9 and Figure 10 depict the one-layer simulation results with different AM R penetrations. In these simulations RxQual thresholds were two class higher for AMR capable mobile s. The number of bad TCH frame samples is presented in the Figure 9. 1.92 seconds (4 SACCH pe riods) averaging window was used in TCH FER measurement. Samples with higher FER than 4 % were marked as bad quality samples. It is clear that TCH FER decreases considerably w hen AMR penetration increases. For example, at the traffic point where the number of bad TCH FER samples is as high as 4.5% in the reference case with 25% AMR penetration the am ount is below 3%. Moreover, with 63% AMR penetration there are about 1.3% of bad quality. With 100% AMR penetration the % of bad TCH FER samples is negligible. EFR vs AMR penetration 0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% EFL(%) TCH FER > 4% 0 % AMR / 100% EFR 25% AMR / 75% EFR 63% AMR / 37 % EFR 100 % AMR / 0% EFR Poly. (100 % AMR / 0% EFR)

Figure 9: EFR vs. AMR penetration Increased TCH quality can be turned into capacity by allowing more traffic to th e network. Figure 9 shows that for the same FER as the reference case, there is a 145% capacity incr ease with 100% AMR penetration. Figure 10 depicts the capacity increases for different AMR pene trations. 15% additional traffic can be allowed to the network when AMR penetration is about 2 5%. With AMR penetration of 63% the capacity gain is about 50%, and about 145% traffic increa se is attained with 100% AMR penetration. Nokia Networks Company Confidential 16 (42) AMR capacity gain (%) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 140% 160% 25% AMR 63%AMR 100%AMR AMR penetration Capacity Gain (%) Figure 10: Capacity gain versus AMR penetration 5.2 AMR in two-layer network (IFH) Some operators may be looking for capacity solution to serve the growing traffic and maintaining the speech quality. In many cases adding more capacity to existing cells is not an easy task or not possible due to limited frequency bandwidth. With lower C/I requirement, the reu se frequency of AMR network can be higher without speech quality deterioration. Nokias AMR soluti on works together and adds more capacity on top of standard capacity solutions such as FH , HR and Nokias proprietary capacity solutions such as IFH. The more AMR capable mobile in the network (high penetration), the higher frequency reuse will be possible. The usage of the AMR feature together with IFH/IUO allows for increased frequenc y efficiency since AMR mobiles can be handed over to super layer with lower quality (C/I) lim it than the EFR mobiles. This increased absorption allows more TRXs to the super layer hence the frequency efficiency increases. Following IFH simulations demonstrates an example how the TRX configuration can be updated when AMR penetration increases in the network. In this case, the reference IFH p lan was as follows: Regular: 3 TRX, BCCH reuse 4/12, TCH reuse 3/9

Super: 3 TRX, RF-hopping reuse 1/1, 15 frequencies The same number of frequencies was used in all the simulations. Therefore, when the traffic increased, only the number of super TRXs was increased. Figure 11 illustrates the maximum capacity with different AMR penetrations. More over, the required number of super TRXs is shown. In the case of IFH network the blocking follows from the quality limit in the super layer (assuming that the super layer is not soft bloc king). In these simulations the number of super TRXs was increased so that the super layer was n ot blocking limited. Therefore, presented maximum capacities were found at 2% hard blocking limit. In the reference case the outage of the bad quality samples indicated 1.4% (TCH FER sam ples > 5.4%) at 2% blocking limit. Moreover, in all the cases the outage of the bad quality s amples remained between 1% and 2%. It is found out that about 17% capacity increase can be attained with AMR mobile penetration of 25%. This requires one additional TRX to the super layer. With this 3+4 configur ation about 35% capacity increase can be handled when the AMR penetration is at least 50%. When the AMR penetration increases up to 75% about 57% traffic increase can be allocated to t he network. That requires 2 additional TRXs for the super layer traffic. Nokia Networks Company Confidential 17 (42) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 0 25 50 75 AM R mobile pe ne tration (%) Effe ctiv e Fre que ncy Load (%) regular + super: 3 + 3 regular + super: 3 + 4 regular + super: 3 + 5 +17% +35% +57% Figure 11: Capacity increase versus AMR mobile penetration in the IFH network In Figure 12 the two-layer case is compared to the one-layer network. In this co mparison the onelayer set-up was, TCH reuse 1/3 with 7 TRXs, 30 frequencies divided into 3 MA li sts, BCCH reuse

4/12. It is seen that two-layer IFH network achieves about 27 % higher capacity than the one-layer network in the reference simulation (100% EFR traffic). Then, relative capacity increase as a function of AMR mobile penetration is about the same in both of the cases. 7.0 8.2 9.8 12.0 14.0 8.9 10.4 12.0 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 0 25 50 75 AMR penetration (%) Effective Frequnecy Load (%) IFH (3/9 + 1/1) One-layer (1/3) Figure 12: One-layer vs. two-layer (IFH) network with mixed traffic Even though the relative capacity gains were similar, one layer even slightly be tter, it should be noted that in the IFH case the calls are distributed to the layers based on curr ent quality thus it is easier to serve an adequate quality for all users in the network. In the one-lay er case all the connections are using the same frequencies and are suffering from the same inter ference hence the quality of the non-AMR connections can not be controlled. Therefore, IFH AMR interworking offers more safe way to utilise the AMR gain in the case of mixed EFR - AMR traf fic. Nokia Networks Company Confidential 18 (42) 5.3 Performance in HR AMR Usage of the half-rate channels was studied to the one-layer simulation scenario . RxQual threshold for HR capable connections was set to 1. Figure 13 presents the TCH FE R outages of the simulation case. The number of TCH FER is very similar compared to the pure AMR FR case. In theory the usage of HR channel decreases the interference 3 dB since only eve ry second burst is used. However, HR channel requires higher C/I to obtain the same MOS than FR channel. Therefore different power control thresholds can be used for HR and FR connectio ns thus the

interference deduction is lost due to higher transmission power. In this simulat ion the PC thresholds for HR traffic were 2 RxQual classes lower than for FR traffic. Figure 14 shows the minimum number of TS required to serve with lower than 2% b locking the traffic for each of the points of previous figures (for each EFL point, differen t number of users or traffic was simulated). A reduction (saving) in the number of resources or chann els needed when using AMR-HR is clearly found. The percentage of resources saved by using AMR-HR is also displayed. Up to 25% of resources can be saved for the simulations that have bee n run. Additionally, it can be seen that the higher the penetration of HR, the higher t he saving of resources. Therefore, Erlang B table can not be used for dimensioning when AM R-HR penetration is foreseen. Table 4 displays the traffic that can be served for different number of Time Slo ts (TS) available and different penetrations of AMR-HR. In this way, for example, for 70% HR penet ration the number of TS required to serve 16.7 Erlangs is just 16, while for pure AMR-FR it would require around 24 time slots to serve the same traffic (around 33% saving in resources). 0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 17% 19% 21% 23% 25% 27% 29% 31% Effective Frequency Load (%) TCH FER > 4% AMR FR + HR AMR FR 54.48% 31.49% 36.23% 44.83% 22.98% HR Usage Figure 13: AMR HR utilisation in one-layer simulation scenario Nokia Networks Company Confidential 19 (42) 25.93% 23.33% 18.18% 17.14% 16.67% 15.38%

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 19.56% 22.25% 24.93% 26.91% 27.85% 30.20% Effective Frequency Load (%) Number of TSLs required for 2% blocking 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% % TSL saved with HR channel mode % of saved TSLs Number of TSLs required for AMR FR Number of TSLs required for AMR FR + HR Figure 14: Half rate gain in terms of timeslots requirements Table 4: Traffic that can be served with different number of TS for 1% and 2% blocking and different penetrations (usage) of AMR-HR. 1% GoS % of users with good conditions to use AMR-HR # Time Slots 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 1 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01

0.03 0.07 0.15 2 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.19 0.21 0.26 0.31 0.41 0.59 0.87 3 0.46 0.47 0.49 0.53 0.58 0.66 0.77 0.92 1.13 1.45 1.91 4 0.87 0.89 0.94 1.02 1.13 1.27 1.47 1.70 2.03 2.50 3.13 5 1.36 1.40 1.48 1.61 1.78 2.00 2.27 2.60 3.05 3.65 4.46 6 1.91 1.97 2.09 2.27 2.51 2.79 3.15 3.57

4.14 4.89 5.88 7 2.50 2.59 2.76 2.99 3.29 3.64 4.08 4.61 5.29 6.19 7.35 8 3.13 3.25 3.46 3.75 4.12 4.54 5.06 5.69 6.49 7.53 8.88 9 3.78 3.94 4.20 4.54 4.98 5.47 6.08 6.80 7.73 8.92 10.44 10 4.46 4.66 4.96 5.36 5.86 6.43 7.13 7.95 9.00 10.33 12.03 11 5.16 5.40 5.75 6.21 6.77 7.42 8.20 9.12

10.29 11.77 13.65 12 5.88 6.16 6.56 7.07 7.69 8.42 9.29 10.32 11.61 13.24 15.30 13 6.61 6.94 7.38 7.95 8.64 9.43 10.39 11.53 12.95 14.73 16.96 14 7.35 7.73 8.22 8.84 9.59 10.47 11.52 12.76 14.30 16.23 18.64 15 8.11 8.53 9.08 9.75 10.57 11.52 12.66 14.00 15.66 17.74 20.34 16 8.88 9.35 9.94 10.67 11.55 12.58 13.81 15.26

17.05 19.28 22.05 24 15.30 16.16 17.17 18.37 19.79 21.45 23.42 25.69 28.46 31.88 36.11 32 22.05 23.31 24.77 26.47 28.44 30.71 33.39 36.49 40.27 44.90 50.59 40 29.01 30.69 32.58 34.75 37.26 40.16 43.57 47.54 52.34 58.20 65.32 48 36.11 38.23 40.55 43.17 46.20 49.72 53.88 58.77 64.65 71.72 80.22 56 43.32 45.88 48.62 51.68 55.21 59.36 64.28 70.15

77.15 85.45 95.24 Nokia Networks Company Confidential 20 (42) 2% GoS # Time Slots 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 1 0.0204 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.11 0.22 2 0.2236 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.28 0.32 0.37 0.45 0.58 0.79 1.09 3 0.6024 0.62 0.65 0.70 0.77 0.87 1.01 1.19 1.44 1.80 2.28 4 1.0927 1.12 1.18 1.28

1.42 1.59 1.82 2.10 2.47 2.97 3.63 5 1.6578 1.71 1.81 1.96 2.17 2.42 2.73 3.11 3.60 4.25 5.08 6 2.2769 2.35 2.50 2.71 2.99 3.31 3.71 4.19 4.80 5.60 6.61 7 2.9367 3.04 3.24 3.51 3.85 4.25 4.74 5.32 6.06 7.00 8.20 8 3.6287 3.77 4.01 4.35 4.76 5.24 5.81 6.50 7.36 8.45 9.83 9 4.3468 4.53 4.82 5.21

5.70 6.25 6.92 7.71 8.69 9.93 11.49 10 5.0864 5.31 5.65 6.11 6.66 7.29 8.05 8.94 10.05 11.45 13.18 11 5.8443 6.11 6.51 7.02 7.64 8.35 9.20 10.20 11.44 12.98 14.90 12 6.6178 6.92 7.37 7.94 8.65 9.43 10.37 11.48 12.84 14.53 16.63 13 7.405 7.75 8.25 8.89 9.66 10.53 11.56 12.77 14.26 16.11 18.38 14 8.204 8.60 9.15 9.85

10.69 11.64 12.76 14.08 15.70 17.69 20.15 15 9.0137 9.45 10.06 10.82 11.74 12.77 13.98 15.41 17.15 19.29 21.93 16 9.8328 10.32 10.98 11.81 12.79 13.90 15.21 16.74 18.61 20.91 23.73 24 16.636 17.50 18.60 19.94 21.52 23.27 25.33 27.72 30.62 34.13 38.39 32 23.729 24.98 26.52 28.37 30.52 32.93 35.75 39.04 42.99 47.73 53.43 40 30.998 32.62 34.61 36.98

39.74 42.82 46.41 50.59 55.58 61.55 68.69 48 38.387 40.36 42.80 45.71 49.08 52.84 57.20 62.28 68.32 75.52 84.10 56 45.863 48.16 51.05 54.51 58.52 62.96 68.09 74.07 81.16 89.60 99.62 % of users with good conditions to use AMR-HR 5.4 Performance in BCCH layer One of the main parameters to fix when planning the BCCH is the frequency reuse. In Figure 15, the TCH FER performance of traffic-carrying channels in BCCH is shown both for A MR and EFR traffic, for reuses 9 and 12. Note that the performance does not vary with traff ic, since in BCCH for DL BTS transmit permanently at full power in all time slots. It can be seen the performance of EFR for reuse 12 is the same as the performance of AMR for reuse 9. In this example, this would allow the usage of these three spare frequencies for the hopping layer, whose performa nce is higher, compared to BCCHs. Also, the figure shows that reuse more relaxed than 12 is ne eded in AMR to achieve a performance comparable to hopping layer (TCH FER is about 3% for AMR w ith reuse 2). DOCUMENTTYPE TypeUnitOrDepartmentHere TypeYourNameHere TypeDateHere PERFORMANCE OF TRAFFIC CHANNELS OF BCCH FOR EFR AND AMR-FR AND BOTH 9-BCCH AND 12-BCCH REUSES 0% 2%

4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Erlangs per cell in BCCH TCH FER > 4% AMR traffic; 12 BCCH EFR traffic; 12 BCCH AMR traffic; 9 BCCH EFR traffic; 9 BCCH Figure 15: Performance of traffic channels in BCCH for EFR and AMR, with different reuse factors Nokia Networks Company Confidential 21 (42) 6. PARAMETERS SUMMARY Q3 NAME RANGE UNIT REC. MMl MML amrConfInHandovers ACH 1 / 2 1 1 EE amrSetGradesEnabl ASG Y / N N N EE initAmrChannelRate IAC 1 / 2 1 1 EE slowAmrLaEnabled SAL Y / N

N N EE amrConfigurationFr: FRC kbit/s 12.2 7.40 5.9 4.75 12.2 7.40 5.9 4.75 EQ amrConfigurationFr: FRH1 0 ... 15 0-7.5dB 2 (1dB) 2 EQ amrConfigurationFr: FRH2 0 ... 15 0-7.5dB 2 (1dB) 2 EQ amrConfigurationFr: FRH3 0 ... 15 0-7.5dB 2 (1dB) 2 EQ amrConfigurationFr: ICMI(FRI) 0 / 1 0 0 EQ amrConfigurationFr: FRS 00, 01, 10,11 0 0 EQ amrConfigurationFr: FRT1 0 ... 63 0-31.5dB 8 (4dB) 8

codecModeSet

hysteresis1

hysteresis2

hysteresis3

initCodecMode

startMode

threshold1

EQ amrConfigurationFr: FRT2 0 ... 63 0-31.5dB 14 (7dB) 14 EQ amrConfigurationFr: FRT3 0 ... 63 0-31.5dB 22 (11dB) 22 EQ amrConfigurationHr: HRC kbit/s 7.40 5.90 4.75 7.40 5.90 4.75 EQ amrConfigurationHr: HRH1 0 ... 15 0-7.5dB 2 (1dB) 2 EQ amrConfigurationHr: HRH2 0 ... 15 0-7.5dB 2 (1dB) 2 EQ amrConfigurationHr: HRH3 0 ... 15 0-7.5dB 0 0 EQ amrConfigurationHr: ICMI(HRI) 0 / 1 0

threshold2

threshold3

codecModeSet

hysteresis1

hysteresis2

hysteresis3

initCodecMode

0 EQ amrConfigurationHr: HRS 00, 01, 10,11 0 0 EQ amrConfigurationHr: HRT1 0 ... 63 dB 22 (11dB) 22 EQ amrConfigurationHr: HRT2 0 ... 63 dB 28 (14dB) 28 EQ amrConfigurationHr: HRT3 0 ... 63 dB 0 0 EQ btsLoadDepTCHRate HRL 0 ... 100 % 20 100 EE btsLoadDepTCHRate HRU 0 ... 100 % 40 0 EE amrHandoverFr IHRF 0 ... 7 0...3 0

startMode

threshold1

threshold2

threshold3

EH amrHandoverHr IHRH 0 ... 7 4...6 4 EH Super reuse bad C/I threshold AMR FR BCIF -127 ... 127 dB 9 10 EH Super reuse bad C/I threshold AMR HR BCIH -127 ... 127 dB 12 10 EH Super reuse good C/I threshold AMR FR GCIF -127 ... 127 dB 12 17 EH Super reuse good C/I threshold AMR HR GCIH -127 ... 127 dB 15 17 EH Threshold dl Rx qual AMR HR QDRH 0 ... 7 4...6 4 EH Threshold dl Rx qual AMR FR QDRF 0 ... 7 4...6 4

EH Threshold ul Rx qual AMR QURF 0 ... 7 4...6 4 EH Threshold ul Rx qual AMR QURH 0 ... 7 4...6 4 EH amrPowerControlFr *lower LDRF 0 ... 7 3...5 3 EU amrPowerControlHr *lower LDRH 0 ... 7 3...5 3 EU amrPowerControlFr *lower LURF 0 ... 7 3...5 3 EU amrPowerControlHr *lower LURH 0 ... 7 3...5 3 EU amrPowerControlFr *upper UDRF 0 ... 7 0...4 0 EU amrPowerControlHr *upper UDRH 0

FR

HR

threshold dl Rx Qual*

threshold dl Rx Qual*

threshold ul Rx Qual*

threshold ul Rx Qual*

threshold dl Rx Qual*

threshold dl Rx Qual*

... 7 0...4 0 EU amrPowerControlFr *upper threshold ul Rx Qual* UURF 0 ... 7 0...4 0 EU amrPowerControlHr *upper threshold ul Rx Qual* UURH 0 ... 7 0...4 0 EU amrDadlbTargetCell DADLA Y / N N N EA Nokia Networks Company Confidential 22 (42) 7. BSC CAPACITY There are certain limits to the capacity, especially to the number of TRXs and t he number of PCM lines. These limits are presented in the table below. Table 5: BSC capacity limits Single-rack high capacity BSC2i Singlerack BSC2E Two-rack high capacity BSC2i Two-rack large capacity BSC2E BSC3i No. of TRXs supported 128 max 32 max 512 max 256 max 660 max No. of 2 Mbit/s PCM interfaces 32 max

32 max 144max 80 max 124 max CCITT #7 signalling links 8 max 8 max 16 max 16 max 16 max LAPD signalling links 248 max 64 max 992 max 512 max 1020 max (170*6 BCSUs) 7.1 AMR half rate Introduction of AMR HR causes increased load in measurement reporting; therefore it can happen that a capacity of 16 kbit/s LAPD signalling link is not sufficient in all cases . When the TRX contains merely HR or DR TCH resources, the situation becomes even worse if the SDCCHs (stand-alone dedicated control channels) have also been configured on the TRX. T herefore a 32 kbit/s LAPD link has been introduced to support the telecom signalling. AMR codecs support in Nokia BSC and TCSM2 : All the Nokia BSCs will have full AMR support, except 7.95 kbit/s on HR channel Nokia TCSM2/E will have full AMR support A TC PCM pool type is needed for transcoder configuration in the A interface. Th e AMR pool type, which supports FR AMR and HR AMR (pool 23), will be implemented Submultiplexing on highway PCM is 8/16 kbit/s, for example if AMR FR (16 kbit/s) is used in the Abis interface, then the Ater interface rate is also 16 kbit/s Correspondingly if AMR HR (8 kbit/s) is used in the Abis interface, then the Ate r interface rate is 2 * 8 kbit/s (the BSC transmits ones (= bit value 1) on the un used 8 kbit/s sub-timeslot) Nokia TCSM will not support AMR With the AMR HR implementation the BSCs maximum channel capacity of 4096 must b e taken into account in dimensioning the number of TRXs in the BSC. For example the traf fic processing capacity of the BSC2i supports 512 full-rate TRXs or 256 half-rate TRXs. BSC TRX capacity can be maintained by using FR to HR load threshold parameters. The maximum channel c apacity of the BSC3i is 5280.

Nokia Networks Company Confidential 23 (42) 8. PERFORMANCE INDICATORS Activating AMR calls in the network has several impacts on the network performan ce. The most important areas are the traffic, quality, handover, dropped calls, interference impacts. To be able to observe the network performance after activating AMR calls some performance i ndicator formulas has to be modified and also there is a need for new performance indicat ors especially for the AMR speech calls. And some points that need to be addressed New AMR counters are based on FR & HR codec mode 1 to 4, which may not represent the actual used bitrate (12.2 kbps, if the codec mode set is not the same through out the whole BSC or network. The measurements on different objects (TRXs, BTSs) can be summed only if they use the same codec mode set. The performance indicator for rxqual gives only usable result when slow link adaptation is enabled. With fast link adaptation, codec modes can change every second speech frame (40 ms) but the averaging period of the BER measurements is one SACCH period (e.g. 480 ms). During a measurement period, several codec modes can be used then after the measurement period, the averaged BER is mapped to quality class with the last used codec mode. Due to this reason the quality report from fast link adaptation is not accurate per codec mode. On slow LA mode the codec mode can change only after each SACCH period thus the counters indicate the only used codec mode on the measurement interval. These performance indicators have not yet verified and need to be verified with actual AMR traffic in the field. Similar information is available in REF 16 and more updated inform ation will be available in Performance Statistics web page 9. TRAFFIC MEASUREMENTS Example: Report 246 9.1 TCH traffic time, all calls (trf_119) Indicates TCH traffic time (sampling interval 480ms) in Erlang for AMR and non-A MR calls . Formula: sum(nvl(freq_ul_qual0,0)+ .. + nvl(freq_ul_qual7,0) * 0,48 / 3600 Unit: erlang hours Counters from table p_nbsc_rx_qual. Known problems: In a high load situation (OMU link) it is possible that all call time is not measured. In other words, calling time can show a lower value than it has in rea lity. Also in the beginning of the call and in HO two samples are lost causing the time show short er than reality. 9.2 CS call samples, non-AMR call (trf_113) Indicates how many call samples (sampling interval 480ms) of non-AMR calls have been detected. Formula: sum(

nvl(freq_ul_qual0,0)+ + nvl(freq_ul_qual7,0) Nokia Networks Company Confidential 24 (42) -sum( nvl(amr_fr_mode_1_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_fr_mode_1_ul_rxqual_7,0) + nvl(amr_fr_mode_2_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_fr_mode_2_ul_rxqual_7,0) + nvl(amr_fr_mode_3_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_fr_mode_3_ul_rxqual_7,0) + nvl(amr_fr_mode_4_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_fr_mode_4_ul_rxqual_7,0) nvl(amr_hr_mode_1_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_hr_mode_1_ul_rxqual_7,0) + nvl(amr_hr_mode_2_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_hr_mode_2_ul_rxqual_7,0) + nvl(amr_hr_mode_3_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_hr_mode_3_ul_rxqual_7,0) + nvl(amr_hr_mode_4_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_hr_mode_4_ul_rxqual_7,0) ) ) 9.3 TCH traffic time, non-AMR calls (trf_115) Indicates TCH traffic time (sampling interval 480ms) in Erlang for non-AMR calls . Formula: trf_113 * 0,48 / 3600 Unit: erlang hours Known problems: In a high load situation (OMU link) it is possible that all call time is not measured. In other words, calling time can show a lower value than it has in rea lity. Also in the beginning of the call and in HO two samples are lost causing the time show short er than reality. 9.4 CS call samples, AMR call (trf_114) Indicates TCH use (sampling interval 480ms) for AMR calls. Formula: sum( nvl(amr_fr_mode_1_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_fr_mode_1_ul_rxqual_7,0) + nvl(amr_fr_mode_2_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_fr_mode_2_ul_rxqual_7,0) + nvl(amr_fr_mode_3_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_fr_mode_3_ul_rxqual_7,0) + nvl(amr_fr_mode_4_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_fr_mode_4_ul_rxqual_7,0) nvl(amr_hr_mode_1_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_hr_mode_1_ul_rxqual_7,0) + nvl(amr_hr_mode_2_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_hr_mode_2_ul_rxqual_7,0) + nvl(amr_hr_mode_3_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_hr_mode_3_ul_rxqual_7,0) + nvl(amr_hr_mode_4_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_hr_mode_4_ul_rxqual_7,0) ) 9.5 TCH traffic time, AMR calls (trf_116) Indicates TCH traffic time (sampling interval 480ms) for AMR calls. Formula: trf_114 * 0,48 / 3600 Unit: erlang hours Known problems: In a high load situation (OMU link) it is possible that all call time is not measured. In other words, calling time can show a lower value than it has in rea lity. Also in the beginning of the call and in HO two samples are lost causing the time show short er than reality. Nokia Networks Company Confidential 25 (42) 9.6 TCH traffic time, FR AMR calls (trf_117) Indicates TCH use (sampling interval 480ms) for full rate AMR.

Formula: sum( nvl(amr_fr_mode_1_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_fr_mode_1_ul_rxqual_7,0) + nvl(amr_fr_mode_2_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_fr_mode_2_ul_rxqual_7,0) + nvl(amr_fr_mode_3_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_fr_mode_3_ul_rxqual_7,0) + nvl(amr_fr_mode_4_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_fr_mode_4_ul_rxqual_7,0) ) * 0,48 / 3600 Unit: erlang hours Known problems: In a high load situation (OMU link) it is possible that all call time is not measured. In other words, calling time can show a lower value than it has in rea lity. Also in the beginning of the call and in HO two samples are lost causing the time show short er than reality. 9.7 TCH traffic time, HR AMR calls (trf_118) Indicates TCH use (sampling interval 480ms) for half rate AMR. Formula: Sum( nvl(amr_hr_mode_1_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_hr_mode_1_ul_rxqual_7,0) + nvl(amr_hr_mode_2_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_hr_mode_2_ul_rxqual_7,0) + nvl(amr_hr_mode_3_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_hr_mode_3_ul_rxqual_7,0) + nvl(amr_hr_mode_4_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_hr_mode_4_ul_rxqual_7,0) ) * 0,48 / 3600 Unit: erlang hours Known problems: In a high load situation (OMU link) it is possible that all call time is not measured. In other words, calling time can show a lower value than it has in rea lity. Also in the begining of the call and in HO two samples are lost causing the time show shorte r than reality. 9.8 AMR capable mobile usage ratio There can be different approaches to calculate the AMR capable mobile usage rati o. One possibility is to select the AMR capable mobile stations from the list of used m obile stations in the PLMN. The problem of this approach is that this will not reflect the real usage rate. Better measure is as follow. sum(tch_call_req_for_AMR) 100 * --------------------------------------------------------------- % sum(tch_request_success_and_unsuccess) Counters from p_nbsc_traffic table. Nokia Networks Company Confidential 26 (42) The counter 001184 is updated when the Radio Resource Management receives a TCH request in a call set-up or HO attempt and speech codec version 3 (AMR) is the preferred one. The counter 001010 is updated when the RRM receives a request for a TCH either in ca ll or a handover attempt. The formula can be applicable in PLMN, BSC or cell level. Both counters count the successful and unsuccessful call attempts and the handover attempts as well. That has some

disadvantages but also some advantages. The major disadvantage is that the formu la gives reliable result only if the call success ratio in AMR calls and normal calls are equals. Because of the handover attempts are also counted it is important that the handover attempt s per call-minute would be the same in AMR calls and in the normal calls. If any of the above-ment ioned requirements is not fulfilled the formula gives an unreliable result. In normal circumstances however these values should not differ too much. Advantage of calculating the TCH requests instead of the TCH seizures: if the AM R capable mobile requests an AMR call but the network is not capable to serve this request (lack of A interface circuit or BTS does not support AMR etc.) this call will be counted to AMR mobile usage. Also there is an advantage calculating the handover attempts into the formula: t he number of handover attempts statistically reflects the length of the call (i.e. if the AMR calls were statistically longer that would lead to more HO attempts per call and so the numerator of the formula would be higher and that would indicate a higher AMR mobile usage ratio which is somehow true in this situation). 9.9 AMR TCH seizures This formula gives overall AMR (full rate and half rate) TCH seizures. sum(full_tch_seiz_speech_ver3 + half_tch_seiz_speech_ver3) counters from p_nbsc_traffic table. Note that the counters are updated in channel release even if the call is droppe d. 9.10 AMR TCH seizures ratio to all TCH seizures This formula gives a picture about the ratio of the number of the AMR speech cal ls to the number of calls. This performance indicator differs from the AMR capable mobile usage r atio since AMR TCH seizure will only be triggered when the mobile really use this codec. If AMR capable mobile station uses codec version 1 or version 2 it will not be counted as an AMR call. sum(full_tch_seiz_speech_ver3 + half_tch_seiz_speech_ver3) 100 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- % sum(tch_norm_seiz + tch_ho_seiz + seiz_due_sdcch_con) The formula gives reliable result if the handover attempts per call-minute and t he HO success ratio are the same in AMR calls and in the normal calls. Also note that the denominato r counts also the data calls. 9.11 AMR TCH seizures ratio to all speech TCH seizures This formula gives a picture about the ratio of the number of the AMR speech cal ls to the number of all speech calls. This performance indicator differs from the AMR TCH seizure ratio to all TCH seizures since the denominator counts only the speech calls. sum(full_tch_seiz_speech_ver3 + half_tch_seiz_spe

ech_ver3) 100 * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % sum(full_tch_seiz_speech_ver1 + full_tch_seiz_speech_ver2 + full_tch_ seiz_speech_ver3 + Nokia Networks Company Confidential 27 (42) half_tch_seiz_speech_ver1 + half_tch_seiz_speech_ver2 + half_ tch_seiz_speech_ver3) counters from p_nbsc_traffic table. The formula gives reliable result if the handover attempts per call-minute and t he HO success ratio are the same in AMR calls and in the normal calls. 9.12 TCH traffic share of AMR calls This performance indicator gives a more precise value of the traffic share of th e AMR calls. Formula: 100 * trf_114 / t rf_119 % Known problems: In a high load situation (OMU link) it is possible that all call time is not measured. In other words, calling time can show a lower value than it has in rea lity. Also in the beginning of the call and in HO two samples are lost causing the time show short er than reality. 9.13 TCH traffic share of FR AMR calls This performance indicator gives the traffic share of the full rate AMR calls. Formula: 100 * trf_117 / t rf_119 % Known problems: In a high load situation (OMU link) it is possible that all call time is not measured. In other words, calling time can show a lower value than it has in rea lity. Also in the beginning of the call and in HO two samples are lost causing the time show short er than reality. 9.14 TCH traffic share of AMR HR calls This performance indicator gives the traffic share of the half rate AMR calls. Formula: 100 * trf_118 / t rf_119 % Known problems: In a high load situation (OMU link) it is possible that all call time is not measured. In other words, calling time can show a lower value than it has in rea lity. Also in the beginning of the call and in HO two samples are lost causing the time show short er than reality. 10. QUALITY INDICATORS BASED ON BER MEASUREMENTS Important network performance indicators can be derived from quality measurement s. However the results will differ on the quality measurement method (BER or FER). The foll owing performance indicator formulas defined already in earlier software versions can be still used when part of the calls are AMR calls: DL BER, S1 (dlq_1)

DL cumulative quality % in class X, S1 (dlq_2) UL BER, S1 (ulq_1) UL cumulative quality % in class X,S1 (ulq_2) Nokia Networks Company Confidential 28 (42) In this case the UL/DL cumulative quality % performance indicators give cumulati ve percentages of call samples (non-AMR and AMR) in classes 0 to X. X=5 is normally used as qua lity indicator. If X=5 and this figure is 100 %, then the MS users should not perceived any quality problems. Known problem with this PI was after DTX is enabled quality showed worse. The im pact is about 1% unit (1% of samples more in classes 6 and 7). When investigated with field te sts no real degradation of quality could be found. Example: Report 244 Table 6: AMR FR counters Uplink/ Downlink AMR FR AMR FR AMR FR AMR FR Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 4 RX Quality 0 014021 / 014022 014037 / 014038 014053 / 014054 014069 / 014070 RX Quality 1 014023 / 014024 014039 / 014040 014055 / 014056 014071 / 014072 RX Quality 2 014025 / 014026 014041 / 014042 014057 / 014058 014073 / 014074 RX Quality 3 014027 /

014028 014043 / 014044 014059 / 014060 014075 / 014076 RX Quality 4 014029 / 014030 014045 / 014046 014061 / 014062 014077 / 014078 RX Quality 5 014031 / 014032 014047 / 014048 014063 / 014064 014079 / 014080 RX Quality 6 014033 / 014034 014049 / 014050 014065 / 014066 014081 / 014082 RX Quality 7 014035 / 014036 014051 / 014052 014067 / 014068 014083 / 014084 Table 7: AMR HR counters Uplink/ Downlink AMR HR AMR HR AMR HR AMR HR Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 4 RX Quality 0 014085 / 014086 014101 / 014102 014117 / 014118

014133 / 014134 RX Quality 1 014087 / 014088 014103 / 014104 014119 / 014120 014135 / 014136 RX Quality 2 014089 / 014090 014105 / 014106 014121 / 014122 014137 / 014138 RX Quality 3 014091 / 014092 014107 / 014108 014123 / 014124 014139 / 014140 RX Quality 4 014093 / 014094 014109 / 014110 014125 / 014126 014141 / 014142 RX Quality 5 014095 / 014096 014111 / 014112 014127 / 014128 014143 / 014144 RX Quality 6 014097 / 014098 014113 / 014114 014129 / 014130 014145 / 014146 RX Quality 7 014099 / 014100 014115 / 014116 014131 / 014132 014147 / 014148 Nokia Networks Company Confidential

29 (42) 10.1 DL cumulative quality % in class X, HR AMR,S10 (dlq_4) This PI gives a cumulative percentage of call samples (downlink half rate AMR) i n classes 0 to X. X=5 is normally used as quality indicator. sum(nvl(amr_hr_mode_1_dl_rxqual_0,0)+ + nvl(amr_hr_mode_4_dl_rxqual_ X,0) 100 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- % sum(nvl(amr_hr_mode_1_dl_rxqual_0,0)+ + nvl(amr_hr_mode_4_dl_rxqual_ 7,0) Counters from table p_nbsc_rx_qual. Because this performance indicator is based on BER measurements the results are independent of the used codec. 10.2 DL cumulative quality % in class X, FR AMR,S10 (dlq_5) This PI gives a cumulative percentage of call samples (downlink full rate AMR) i n classes 0 to X. X=5 is normally used as quality indicator. sum(nvl(amr_fr_mode_1_dl_rxqual_0,0)+ + nvl(amr_fr_mode_4_dl_rxqual_ X,0) 100 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- % sum(nvl(amr_fr_mode_1_dl_rxqual_0,0)+ + nvl(amr_fr_mode_4_dl_rxqual_ 7,0) Counters from table p_nbsc_rx_qual. Because this performance indicator is based on BER measurements the results are independent of the used codec. 10.3 UL cumulative quality % in class X, HR AMR,S10 (ulq_4) This PI gives a cumulative percentage of call samples (uplink half rate AMR) in classes 0 to X. X=5 is normally used as quality indicator. sum(nvl(amr_hr_mode_1_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ + nvl(amr_hr_mode_4_ul_rxqual_ X,0) 100 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- % sum(nvl(amr_hr_mode_1_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ + nvl(amr_hr_mode_4_ul_rxqual_ 7,0) Counters from table p_nbsc_rx_qual. Because this performance indicator is based on BER measurements the results are independent of the used codec. 10.4 UL cumulative quality % in class X, FR AMR,S10 (ulq_5) This PI gives a cumulative percentage of call samples (uplink full rate AMR) in classes 0 to X. X=5 is normally used as quality indicator. sum(nvl(amr_fr_mode_1_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ + nvl(amr_fr_mode_4_ul_rxqual_ X,0) 100 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- % sum(nvl(amr_fr_mode_1_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ + nvl(amr_fr_mode_4_ul_rxqual_ 7,0) Nokia Networks Company Confidential 30 (42)

Counters from table p_nbsc_rx_qual. Because this performance indicator is based on BER measurements the results are independent of the used codec. 10.5 DL cumulative quality % in class X,S10 (dlq_6) This PI gives a cumulative percentage of all non-AMR call samples in classes 0 t o X. X=5 is normally used as quality indicator. sum(freq_dl_qual0 + ... + freq_dl_qualX) -sum(nvl(amr_hr_mode_1_dl_rxqual_0,0)+ + nvl(amr_hr_mode_4_dl_rx qual_X,0) -sum(nvl(amr_fr_mode_1_dl_rxqual_0,0)+ + nvl(amr_fr_mode_4_dl_rx qual_X,0) 100 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- % sum(freq_dl_qual0 + ... + freq_dl_qual7) -sum(nvl(amr_hr_mode_1_dl_rxqual_0,0)+ + nvl(amr_hr_mode_4_dl_rx qual_7,0) -sum(nvl(amr_fr_mode_1_dl_rxqual_0,0)+ + nvl(amr_fr_mode_4_dl_rx qual_7,0) Counters from table p_nbsc_rx_qual. Because this performance indicator is based on BER measurements the results are independent of the used codec. 10.6 UL cumulative quality % in class X,S10 (ulq_6) This PI gives a cumulative percentage of all non-AMR call samples in classes 0 t o X. X=5 is normally used as quality indicator. sum(freq_dul_qual0 + ... + freq_ul_qualX) -sum(nvl(amr_hr_mode_1_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ + nvl(amr_hr_mode_4_ul_rx qual_X,0) -sum(nvl(amr_fr_mode_1_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ + nvl(amr_fr_mode_4_ul_rx qual_X,0) 100 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- % sum(freq_ul_qual0 + ... + freq_ul_qual7) -sum(nvl(amr_hr_mode_1_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ + nvl(amr_hr_mode_4_ul_rx qual_7,0) -sum(nvl(amr_fr_mode_1_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ + nvl(amr_fr_mode_4_ul_rx qual_7,0) Counters from table p_nbsc_rx_qual. Because this performance indicator is based on BER measurements the results are independent of the used codec. 10.7 DL cumulative quality % in class X for FR AMR codec mode Z This performance indicator gives a cumulative percentage of FR AMR call samples with codec mode Z (Z=1, 2, 3 or 4) in classes 0 to X. sum(nvl(amr_fr_mode_Z_dl_rxqual_0,0)+ + nvl(amr_fr_mode_Z_dl_rxqual _X,0) 100 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- % sum(nvl(amr_fr_mode_Z_dl_rxqual_0,0)+ + nvl(amr_fr_mode_Z_dl_rxqual _7,0) Counters from table p_nbsc_rx_qual Nokia Networks Company Confidential

31 (42) 10.8 DL cumulative quality % in class X for HR AMR codec mode Z This performance indicator gives a cumulative percentage of HR AMR call samples with codec mode Z (Z=1, 2, 3 or 4) in classes 0 to X. X=5 is normally used as quality indic ator. If X=5 and this figure is 100 %, then the MS users obviously have not perceived any quality prob lems. sum(nvl(amr_hr_mode_Z_dl_rxqual_0,0)+ + nvl(amr_hr_mode_Z_dl_rxqual _X,0) 100 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- % sum(nvl(amr_hr_mode_Z_dl_rxqual_0,0)+ + nvl(amr_hr_mode_Z_dl_rxqual _7,0) Counters from table p_nbsc_rx_qual. Probably the most robust codec mode will give the worst quality results since as the radio link becomes worse the link adaptation would force to use the most robust codec. 10.9 UL cumulative quality % in class X for FR AMR codec mode Z This performance indicator gives a cumulative percentage of FR AMR call samples with codec mode Z (Z=1, 2, 3 or 4) in classes 0 to X. X=5 is normally used as quality indic ator. If X=5 and this figure is 100 %, then the MS users obviously have not perceived any quality prob lems. sum(nvl(amr_fr_mode_Z_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ + nvl(amr_fr_mode_Z_ul_rxqual _X,0) 100 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- % sum(nvl(amr_fr_mode_Z_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ + nvl(amr_fr_mode_Z_ul_rxqual _7,0) Counters from table p_nbsc_rx_qual. Probably the most robust codec mode will give the worst quality results since as the radio link becomes worse the link adaptation would force to use the most robust codec. 10.10 UL cumulative quality % in class X for HR AMR codec mode Z This performance indicator gives a cumulative percentage of HR AMR call samples with codec mode Z (Z=1, 2, 3 or 4) in classes 0 to X. X=5 is normally used as quality indic ator. If X=5 and this figure is 100 %, then the MS users obviously have not perceived any quality prob lems. sum(nvl(amr_hr_mode_Z_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ + nvl(amr_hr_mode_Z_ul_rxqual _X,0) 100 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- % sum(nvl(amr_hr_mode_Z_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ + nvl(amr_hr_mode_Z_ul_rxqual _7,0) Counters from table p_nbsc_rx_qual. Probably the most robust codec mode will give the worst quality results since as the radio link becomes worse the link adaptation would force to use the most robust codec. 11. QUALITY INDICATORS BASED ON FER MEASUREMENTS Important network performance indicators can be derived from quality measurement s. However the results will differ on the quality measurement method (BER or FER). Frame Er

asure Rate is the best available indicator in a GSM system to characterise the voice quality o bserved by user. FER measurement is an optional feature in S10 and most of the operators still us e BER based Nokia Networks Company Confidential 32 (42) quality indication in voice calls. The BER is measured by the mobile station or by the BTS before the decoding process so this value does not take into account the error correcti on while the FER is associated with the corrected BER after the decoder and this is in connection wi th the voice quality observed by the subscriber. The only problem with the FER measurements t hat present mobiles are not able to report downlink FER. The correlation of BER (reported by the mobile) and FER is not constant so only estimated FEP (Frame Error Probability) can be used in downlink. In S11 downlink FER measurements will be available. Example: Report 245 Table 8: FER measuremnt counters No Counter name Default Note ( UL and DL ) 077007 Class 1 boundary 20 FER < 2% ==> FER class 0 FER >= 2% and < 4% ==> FER class 1 077008 Class 2 boundary 40 FER >= 4% and < 6% ==> FER class 2 077009 Class 3 boundary 60 FER >= 6% and < 8% ==> FER class 3 077010 Class 4 boundary 80 FER >= 8% and < 10% ==> FER class 4 077011 Class 5 boundary 100 FER >= 10% and 12% ==> FER class 5 077012 Class 6 boundary 120 FER >= 12% and < 14% ==> FER class 6 077013 Class 7 boundary 140 FER >= 14% ==> FER class 7 077002 Used codec type Normal channel types: 1 = half rate speech traffic channel 2= full rate speech traffic channel 3 = enhanced full rate speech traffic channel Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) Codecs: 4 = adaptive multirate half rate speech, 7.95kbit/s 5 = adaptive multirate half rate speech, 7.5kbit/s 6 = adaptive multirate half rate speech, 6.7kbit/s 7 = adaptive multirate half rate speech, 5.9kbit/s

8 = adaptive multirate half rate speech, 5.15kbit/s 9 = adaptive multirate half rate speech, 4.75kbit/s 10 = adaptive multirate full rate speech, 12.2kbit/s 11 = adaptive multirate full rate speech, 10.2kbit/s 12 = adaptive multirate full rate speech, 7.95kbit/s 13 = adaptive multirate full rate speech, 7.4kbit/s 14 = adaptive multirate full rate speech, 6.7kbit/s 15 = adaptive multirate full rate speech, 5.9kbit/s 16 = adaptive multirate full rate speech, 5.15kbit/s 17 = adaptive multirate full rate speech, 4.75kbit/s FER measurements are available for different codec type objects that are defined by the counter used_codec_type. Different performance indicators can be defined based on the co dec type object selection. The following performance indicators have been defined and mor e detail could be found from REF 16 DL quality % FER based, S10 (dlq_3) for all codec types UL quality % FER based, S10 (ulq_3) for all codec types DL quality 0-5 % HR, FER based, S10 (dlq_7) for codec type=1 (half rate) UL quality 0-5 % HR, FER based, S10 (ulq_7) for codec type=1 (half rate) DL quality 0-5 % FR, FER based, S10 (dlq_8) for codec type=2 (full rate) UL quality 0-5 % FR, FER based, S10 (ulq_8) for codec type=2 (full rate) DL quality 0-5 % EFR, FER based, S10 (dlq_9) for codec type=3 (enhanced full rat e) UL quality 0-5 % EFR, FER based, S10 (ulq_9) for codec type=3 (enhanced full rat e) Nokia Networks Company Confidential 33 (42) DL quality 0-5 % AMR HR, FER based, S10 (dlq_10) for codec type=4-9 (all AMR HR codecs) UL quality 0-5 % AMR HR, FER based, S10 (ulq_10) for codec type=4-9 (all AMR HR codecs) DL quality 0-5 % AMR FR, FER based, S10 (dlq_11) for codec type=10-17 (all AMR FR codecs) UL quality 0-5 % AMR FR, FER based, S10 (ulq_11) for codec type=10-17 (all AMR FR codecs) E.g. 11.1 DL quality %, FER based, S10 (dlq_3) The share (in percentage) of call samples in FEP classes 0 to 7. sum(NBR_OF_DL_FER_CL_X) 100 * --------------------------------------------- % sum(NBR_OF_DL_FER_CL_0++NBR_OF_DL_FER_CL_7)) 11.2 DL quality 0-5 % EFR, FER based, S10 (dlq_9) FER based quality benchmark for EFR calls.

Codec_type = 3 sum(NBR_OF_DL_FER_CL_0++NBR_OF_DL_FER_CL_5) 100 * --------------------------------------------- % sum(NBR_OF_DL_FER_CL_0++NBR_OF_DL_FER_CL_7)) 11.3 DL quality 0-5 % AMR FR, FER based, S10 (dlq_11) FER based quality benchmark for EFR calls. Codec_type = 10-17 sum(NBR_OF_DL_FER_CL_0++NBR_OF_DL_FER_CL_5) 100 * --------------------------------------------- % sum(NBR_OF_DL_FER_CL_0++NBR_OF_DL_FER_CL_7)) FER class boundaries are modifiable as measurement parameters so not always the FER classes 0-5 mean good speech quality. By monitoring AMR (FR and HR) FER The aim of the AMR codec usage is to get better voice quality in the network. Th us it is desired to get better results in dlq_10-11 and ulq_10-11 than in dlq_3 and ulq_3 respective ly. However if aggressive PC and HO quality thresholds are applied to the AMR calls it may be d ifferent but even in this case the AMR results should not be worse than the overall case. With the help of the FER measurements the link adaptation algorithm and settings can be possibly observed and optimised. A possible method can be to compare the distribution of the measured (or in downlink the estimated) FER class 0-7 results codec by codec. In a good l ink adaptation there should not be too much results in the least robust codec type with bad FER classes since in this case codec mode change should occur to more robust codecs. And similarly th ere should not be too much measurement sample at the most robust codec type with very good FER classes since in this case codec mode change should occur to less robust codecs. But thi s assumption is depending on the FER class boundary setting and on the used codec types. This re quires further study. Nokia Networks Company Confidential 34 (42) 12. HANDOVER MEASUREMENTS AMR calls have impact on the handover KPIs in several aspects. There has been ne w handover cause counters introduced that implies updates in performance indicator formulas . New performance indicators are needed to the AMR specific handovers. Activating the AMR in the network will possibly modify the earlier used performance indicators results. I n the AMR handover process there are some additional failure possibilities to normal call handovers . This could lead to a slightly higher handover failure ratios after activating AMR calls in the netw ork. However it is difficult to observe because of the low numbers of AMR capable mobiles. There is a failure possibility in AMR call handovers because of the A interface circuit pool handling. The A interface speech circuits are divided into pools according to th e

transcoder/submultiplexer capabilities. The main factors when dividing the circu its into pools is the channel rate and the speech codecs supported. Currently only circuit pool number 23 is supporting AMR. Because of the possible A interface circuit pool change or the target BSC speech codec possibilities the following handover failures are possible: If the permitted speech version identifiers in the target BSC are not valid and correspond to the channel rate requirements the handover is interrupted with A interface cause Inv alid Message Contents. If the enhanced speech codecs are not allowed in the target BSC and the MSC offe rs them then a handover failure with the cause Requested SpeechVersion Unavailable is se nt to the MSC. If there is no circuit pool on the A interface which is able to support the requ ested type of TCH and speech codec then a handover failure with the cause Requested SpeechVersion Unavailable is sent to the MSC. If there is circuit pool on the A interface which is able to support the request ed type of TCH and speech codec but the pool implied by the speech circuits is totally contradi ctory with the TCH type requirement then a handover failure with the cause Circuit Pool Mismatc h is sent to the MSC. If the mobile station does not support the indicated mode in the handover comman d or the Multirate Configuration IE in handover command is inconsistent the MS returns a handover failure with the cause Channel Mode Unacceptable. Unfortunately there is no specific counter or formula that could show the impact of the handover failures due to the above mentioned causes. To monitor the handover performance, handover failure and success rate should be compared before and after activating AMR. The AIBSEB of the source BSC sends a Handover Required message with the cause Sw itch Circuit Pool if an A interface circuit pool change is required during handover. A message is sent if the successful allocation of a suitable TCH and speech codec in intra BSS handov er requires the change of the pool. The extra circuit switch changes caused by AMR calls can be observed comparing the measurements of the counter ho_att_due_switch_circ_pool from table p_nbsc_handover before and after activating AMR. 12.1 HO attempts, outgoing and intra-cell, S10, (ho_13 ) Because of the new handover cause counters introduced in AMR the ho_13 formula n eeds to be updated.

sum(cause_up_qual+cause_up_level+cause_down_qual+cause_down_lev+cause_distance Nokia Networks Company Confidential 35 (42) +cause_msc_invoc+cause_intfer_up+cause_intfer_dwn+cause_umbr+cause_pbdgt+cause_o mc +cause_dir_retry+cause_pre_emption+cause_field_drop +cause_low_distance+cause_bad_CI+cause_good_CI + cause_ho_due_slow_mov_ms+ho_att_due_switch_circ_pool ;S5 + ms_slow_speed + ms_high_speed ; S6 +cause_dir_retry+ho_due_ms_high_speed+ ho_due_ms_low_speed +ho_att_due_bad_super_rx_lev+ho_att_due_good_regular_rx_lev +ho_att_due_direct_access+ho_att_due_erfd; S7 + ho_att_due_dadlb+ ho_att_due_to_bsc_contr_trho ; S8 + ho_att_due_to_gprs ; S9 +ho_att_for_amr_to_hr + ho_att_for_amr_to_fr ; S10. Counters from table p_nbsc_handover. The formula gives the outgoing and intracell handover attempts from the differen t handover causes that must also contain the AMR specific handover causes: number of channe l rate change HO attempts from AMR FR to AMR HR and number of channel rate change HO attempts from AMR HR to AMR FR. 12.2 AMR FR to HR HO success It would be useful to measure the success ratio of the handovers from AMR FR cha nnel to AMR HR channel (also called channel rate packing). The formula can be: sum(a.half_tch_seiz_intra_amr_ho) 100 * --------------------------------------------------- % sum(b.ho_att_for_amr_to_hr) counters from tables a=p_nbsc_traffic, b=p_nbsc_handover or sum(a.intra_ho_to_amr_hr) 100 * -------------------------------------------- % sum(b.ho_att_for_amr_to_hr) counters from tables a=p_nbsc_cc_pm, b=p_nbsc_handover The above-mentioned performance indicators differ in the numerator. The half_tch_seiz_intra_amr_ho is triggered when the Radio Resource Manager allocate s a HR TCH for intra-cell HO as a response to a TCH request and the channel rate is changed from FR to HR and speech codec versions 3 are in use while the intra_ho_to_amr_hr is updated a fter HO_PERFORMED message is sent to MSC in an intra-cell HO as a response to a TCH r equest and the channel rate is changed from FR to HR and speech codec versions 3 are in use. 12.3 AMR HR to FR HO success It would be useful to measure the success ratio of the handovers from AMR HR cha nnel to AMR FR channel (also called channel rate unpacking). The formula can be: sum(a.full_tch_seiz_intra_amr_ho) 100 * --------------------------------------------------- % sum(b.ho_att_for_amr_to_fr) Nokia Networks Company Confidential

36 (42) counters from tables a=p_nbsc_traffic, b=p_nbsc_handover or sum(a.intra_ho_to_amr_fr) 100 * -------------------------------------------- % sum(b.ho_att_for_amr_to_fr) counters from tables a=p_nbsc_cc_pm, b=p_nbsc_handover. The above-mentioned performance indicators differ in the numerator. The full_tch_seiz_intra_amr_ho is triggered when the Radio Resource Manager allocate s a FR TCH for intra-cell HO as a response to a TCH request and the channel rate is changed from HR to FR and speech codec versions 3 are in use while the intra_ho_to_amr_fr is updated a fter HO_PERFORMED message is sent to MSC in an intra-cell HO as a response to a TCH r equest and the channel rate is changed from HR to FR and speech codec versions 3 are in use. 13. IMPACT ON DROPPED CALL RATIO In the AMR handover process there are some additional failure possibilities to n ormal call handovers. The result of that can be a slightly higher dropped call ratio in dif ferent dropped call formulas than before activating AMR. There are some new failure counters that ca n be used for dropped call performance indicators. 13.1 Transcoder failure ratio, AMR FR (dcr_19) This performance indicator gives the ended TCH conversation ratio due to transco der failure in the AMR full rate speech calls. sum(tch_ended_due_transc_fr_rate3) 100 * -------------------------------------------------------- % sum(tch_full_seiz_speech_ver3) Counters from table p_nbsc_traffic. 13.2 Transcoder failure ratio, AMR HR (dcr_20) This performance indicator gives the ended TCH conversation ratio due to transco der failure in the AMR half rate speech calls. sum(tch_ended_due_transc_hr_rate3) 100 * -------------------------------------------------------- % sum(tch_half_seiz_speech_ver3) Counters from table p_nbsc_traffic. 13.3 Transcoder failure ratio, (dcr_21) This performance indicator gives the ended TCH conversation ratio due to transco der failure speech calls. Nokia Networks Company Confidential 37 (42) sum(tch_ended_due_transc_fr_rate1+tch_ended_due_transc_hr_rate1 +tch_ended_due_transc_fr_rate2 +tch_ended_due_transc_fr_rate3+tch_ended_due_transc_hr_rate3) 100 * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- % sum(tch_full_seiz_speech_ver1++tch_half_seiz_speech_ver1 +tch_full_seiz_speech_ver2

+tch_full_seiz_speech_ver3+tch_half_seiz_speech_ver3) counters from table p_nbsc_traffic. 14. AMR CODEC SET DOWNGRADES AND UPGRADES The idea behind the downgrade is to allow the utilisation of the unidirectional downlink speech path connection on target BTS side in order to minimise the experienced muting o n speech during internal inter-cell handovers. The idea behind the upgrade is to utilise the BTS defined AMR codec set. In the channel allocation procedure the RDNSEB determines the need for AMR codec set downgrades (during internal inter-cell HO on source BTS side) and upgrades (afte r internal intercell HO on target BTS side). When the AMR codec sets currently used on source side and BTS defined on target side are the same then there is no need to perform codec set downgrade. If the codec sets are different but the channel rates are the same the following cases can happen: The codec set defined on target side differs from the current codec set but it c an be aligned with the source side by selecting the current codec set. This alignment depends on the codec mode support of the target BSC. If the amrConfInHandovers parameter prefers the codec set of the target BTS then the target side is upgraded to its original AMR codec set after the handover if amrSetGradesEnabl parameter allows it. The codec set can not be aligned because of the target side codec mode support. In this case triggering a downgrade procedure on the source side if the parameter amrSetGrade sEnabl allows it aligns the source side. If the downgrade is not allowed then utilisati on of the unidirectional downlink speech path connection on target side is not possible. The total number of codec set upgrades and downgrades as well as the failure rat ios can be calculated by the formulas given below. 14.1 Codec set upgrade attempts, S10 (amr_1) This performance indicator gives the total number of codec set upgrade attempts. sum(succ_amr_codec_set_upgr+unsucc_amr_codec_set_upgr) counters from table p_nbsc_traffic. 14.2 Codec set downgrade attempts, S10 (amr_2) This performance indicator gives the total number of codec set downgrade attempt s. sum(succ_amr_codec_set_downgr+unsucc_amr_codec_set_downgr) counters from table p_nbsc_traffic. Nokia Networks Company Confidential 38 (42) 14.3 Codec set upgrade failure ratio, S10 (amr_3) This performance indicator gives the codec set upgrade failure ratio. sum(unsucc_amr_codec_set_upgr) 100 * --------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------- % sum(succ_amr_codec_set_upgr+unsucc_amr_codec_set_upgr) counters from table p_nbsc_traffic. Note that the denominator can be 0. 14.4 Codec set downgrade failure ratio, S10 (amr_4) This performance indicator gives the codec set downgrade failure ratio. sum(unsucc_amr_codec_set_downgr) 100 * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- % sum(succ_amr_codec_set_downgr+unsucc_amr_codec_set_downgr) counters from table p_nbsc_traffic. Note that the denominator can be 0. 15. CODEC MODE SHARE It can be interesting to observe the different codec mode shares in the AMR call s. The full rate and half rate calls are calculated separately. 15.1 Codec mode Z share in AMR FR calls This performance indicator shows the codec mode Z (where Z= 14) usage ratio in th e AMR full rate calls. sum(nvl(amr_fr_mode_Z_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_fr_mode_Z_ul_rxqu al_7,0)) 100 * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % sum(nvl(amr_fr_mode_1_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_fr_mode_1_ul_rxq ual_7,0) + nvl(amr_fr_mode_2_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_fr_mode_2_ul _rxqual_7,0) + nvl(amr_fr_mode_3_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_fr_mode_3_ul _rxqual_7,0) + nvl(amr_fr_mode_4_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_fr_mode_4_ul _rxqual_7,0)) Counters from table p_nbsc_rx_qual. Note that the denominator can be 0. The numerator indicates AMR FR codec mode 1 traffic (sampling interval 480ms) and the denominator indicates AMR FR traffic (sampling interval 480ms) . Known problems: In a high load situation (OMU link) it is possible that all call time is not measured. In other words, both numerator and denominator can show a lower value than it has in reality. Also in the beginning of the call and in HO two samples are lost causin g the time show shorter than reality. Nokia Networks Company Confidential 39 (42) 15.2 Codec mode Z share in AMR HR calls This performance indicator shows the codec mode Z (where Z= 14) usage ratio in th e AMR half rate calls. sum(nvl(amr_hr_mode_Z_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_hr_mode_Z_ul_rxqu al_7,0)) 100 * --------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------- % sum(nvl(amr_hr_mode_1_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_hr_mode_1_ul_rxq ual_7,0) + nvl(amr_hr_mode_2_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_hr_mode_2_ul _rxqual_7,0) + nvl(amr_hr_mode_3_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_hr_mode_3_ul _rxqual_7,0) + nvl(amr_hr_mode_4_ul_rxqual_0,0)+ .. + nvl(amr_hr_mode_4_ul _rxqual_7,0)) Counters from table p_nbsc_rx_qual. Nokia Networks Company Confidential 40 (42) 16. REFERENCES (1) Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) Speech Codec Implementation Specification version 1.3 DN09757, Nokia internal document 01/03/01. (2) Laboratory Test Specifications for AMR draft, Nokia internal document 30/12/ 01. (3) Nokia Adaptive Multi Rate Codec Solution Description version 1.1 Nokia inter nal document 24/04/02. (4) BSS Radio Network Parameter Dictionary 10.5 issue 18, DN9813866 2002. (5) Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) Performance Simulations version 2.0, Noki a internal document 17/05/01. (6) Blocking Probability for Half and Full Rate Access, by Salvador Pedraza, Nok ia Internal, 2001. (7) STUDY OF BSS S10 COUNTER FORMULAS OF NOKIA NMS/2000 DATABASE v.73 17. ABBREVIATIONS AMR Adaptive Multi Rate Codec BSC Base Station Controller BSS Base Station Subsystem BTS Base Transceiver Station C/I Carrier To Interference Ratio DL Down Link (connection from BTS to MS) DTX Discontinuous transmission EFR Enhanced Full Rate EFL Effective Frequency Load FER Frame Error Rate FH Frequency Hopping FR Full Rate HO Handover HR

Half Rate IUO Intelligent Underlay Overlay LA Link Adaptation MOS Mean Opinion Score MS Mobile Station MSC Mobile Switching Centre PC Power Control RX Receiving TRX Transceiver TX Transmitting UL Up Link (connection from MS to BTS) Nokia Networks Company Confidential 41 (42) 18. APPENDIX A: NOKIA BSS10 AMR SOLUTION AMR codecs are supported by different Nokia base station generations as follows: Nokia 2nd Generation base stations: Nokia 2nd generation DE21 BTS will not support AMR. Nokia Talk-family base stations: Nokia Talk-family BTS will have AMR support for FR modes 4.75, 5.9, 7.4 and 12.2 as well as for HR modes 4.75, 5.9 and 7.4. With this approach, the link adaptati on between full scale of FR modes and almost full scale of HR can be achieved. Nokia PrimeSite base station: Nokia PrimeSite base station AMR support is similar to that of Nokia Talk-family base stations. Due to limited DSP processor/memory capacity the frequency hoppin g functionality will be removed from PrimeSite BTSs to enable this SW modification . This means that the last PrimeSite SW release supporting frequency hopping will be DF5.0. Nokia InSite base station: Nokia InSite BTS will not support AMR. Nokia MetroSite GSM and MetroSite EDGE and UltraSite EDGE base stations: Nokia MetroSite and UltraSite base stations will have full AMR support however Nokia UltraSite EDGE TRXs will have AMR support in CX3.1 software release. AMR codecs support in Nokia BSC and TCSM: All the Nokia BSCs will have full AMR support. - except 7.95 kbit/s on HR channel Nokia TCSM2/E will have full AMR support. New TC PCM pool type is needed for transcoder configuration in A-interface. At

minimum the basic AMR type, which supports FR AMR and HR AMR (pool 23), is at least implemen ted. The other pool types support is still for further study. Submultiplexing on highway PCM is 8/16 kbit/s, e.g. if AMR FR (16 kbit/s) is use d in Abis interface, then Ater interface rate is also 16 kbit/s. Respectively if AMR HR (8 kbit/s) is used in Abis interface, then Ater interface rate is 2 * 8 kbit/s (BSC transmits ones (= bit value 1) on the unused 8 kbit/s sub-timeslot). Nokia TCSM will not support AMR. With the AMR HR implementation BSCs maximum channel capacity 4096 must be taken into the account in BSCs TRX amount dimensioning. For example the BSC2i provides with 512 full-rate TRXs capacity or 256 half-rate TRXs. BSC TRX capacity can be maintained by using FR to HR load threshold parameters described in earlier chapters. 19. HISTORY Date Version Author Change Note No./Notes 07 May 2002 0.1 Simone Cavallini First Draft 31May 2002 1.0 Simone Cavallini Approved (incorporating results of Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) Performance Simulations version 2.0 Dec 2002 1.1 Samur Worasilpchai Add AMR Pis and some update Nokia Networks Company Confidential 42 (42)