Biology Study Guide Name:_________________________

Unit 7: Meiosis and Heredity

The content covered in this unit can be found in chapters 10, 11 & 14 of Biology by Miller and Levine.

1. Complete the table below comparing Mitosis with Meiosis.

Mitosis Meiosis
Sexual or asexual?
Type of cell produced
Are haploid or diploid cells
produced?
# of Divisions
# of Cells produced
Where does it take place?
Produce cells genetically
identical or not?

2. Arrange the above diagrams in the order in which they occur: ________,________,________, _________

3. If a haploid cell contains 16 chromosomes, how many does the diploid cell contain? _____

4. If a diploid cell contains 8 chromosomes, how many does the haploid cell contain? ______

5. What process can occur during Prophase I of Meiosis that increases genetic variation? ___________
Explain this process in your own words: __________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________
6. What phase occurs before every mitotic division but not between meiotic divisions? _____________

7. Put the following discoveries by Gregor Mendel into your own words:
a) Law of Segregation: _______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_

b) Law of Independent Assortment: _____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

8. Match the trait to its pattern of inheritance.

___a) Chickens can be white, black, or a black-and-white pattern Multiple alleles

___b) Human hair and skin color Polygenic inheritance

___c) Blood type Sex-linked trait

___d) 75% of an alien population has a round head Codominance

___e) 25% of an alien population has a square head Recessive trait

___f) Fragile X is a syndrome caused by a mutation on the X chromosome Dominant trait

___g) Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome) Nondisjunction

9. Define a test cross: ________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

10. a) If an organism has two identical alleles for a trait, it is _______________________.

b) If an organism has two different alleles for a trait, it is _______________________.

11. What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype? _____________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________
In four-o'clocks, red or white flowers are homozygous while pink ones are heterozygous.

Image from: http://anthro.palomar.edu/

12. Set up a cross between a red flower and a white flower.

What are the resulting genotypes? ___ % AA ____% Aa

____%aa

What are the resulting phenotypes? ____ % Red ____% Pink ____%
White

13. Set up a cross between two of the offspring of your first cross.

What are the resulting genotypes? _____%AA ____%Aa _____%aa

What are the resulting phenotypes? ____% Red ____% Pink ___% White

14. How many blood types are there, and what are they? ____________________________________

15. Show the cross between a mother who is heterozygous for type B blood and a father who is
heterozygous for type A blood.
16. A mother has blood type O and a father is heterozygous for type A blood. What are the odds that
they will have a child with type O blood? ____________

17. Can a person with type AB blood donate their blood to someone who is type B? Why or why not?
___________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

18. A woman gives birth to a daughter in 1985, a son in 1987 and a daughter in 1990. What are the
odds that her next child will be a son? _______________

19. What is the genotype for a female? _____ What is the genotype for a male? _____

20. What is the genotype for a male with Klinefelter's syndrome? __________

21. In fruit flies, eye color is a sex linked trait. Red is dominant to white. What are the sexes and eye
colors of flies with the following genotypes:

XRXr _________________ X R Y _________________

XRXR _________________ X r Y _________________

What are the genotypes of these flies:

white eyed, male ____________ red eyed female (heterozygous) _______________
white eyed, female ___________ red eyed, male ___________

22. Show a cross between a pure red eyed female and a white eyed male.
The parent genotypes are _______________& _______________

What percentage are: white eyed, male____ red eyed, male ____

white eyed, female ___red eyed, female ____

23. Can a male be a carrier for a sex-linked trait? Why or why not? ____________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

24. Name two common human genetic disorders that are sex-linked traits.
_________________________ & ________________________________
 Image adapted from: http://www.juliantrubin.com/

Use the pedigree chart above to answer questions 25-28.

25. What does a circle represent on a pedigree chart? ___________ What does a square represent on
a pedigree chart? _____________________

26. What is the pattern of inheritance for this trait? (Circle one)
Autosomal dominant , Autosomal recessive , Sex-linked dominant , Sex-linked recessive

27. What is the genotype of individual A? ______ What is the genotype of individual B? _________

28. If B had a child with a male of the same genotype as A, what are the odds that their child would be
affected? ____________

29. Based on the karyotype above, is this

person male or female?
______________________

Does this person have a detectable genetic

disorder? _________

30. If so, name the disorder and explain what

happened genetically to cause it.

__________________________________________________________________________