2013PowerWorldCorporation

support@powerworld.com
http://www.powerworld.com
2001SouthFirstStreet
Champaign,Illinois61820
+1(217)384.6330
JamieWeber
weber@powerworld.com,2173846330ext.13
SlidePreparation:KateRogersDavis
kate@powerworld.com,2173846330,Ext14
DistributedFlexibleACTransmission
System(DFACTS)
2 2013 PowerWorld Corporation
Outline
Background
Powerflowcontrol
FACTSvs.DFACTS
PowerWorldDFACTSModeling
Standaloneoperation
Lineimpedancesensitivities
Contingencyanalysis
ContinuingWork
3 2013 PowerWorld Corporation
PowerFlowControl
Powerflowisnotdirectlycontrollable tochange
thewaypowerflowsinthesystem,weneedtobe
abletochangelineimpedance,voltagemagnitude,
orangledifferences
Benefits
Relieveoverloadedlines
Reducetransmissionlosses
Maintainacceptablevoltages
Improvestability
Fullutilizationofexistingsystem
Limitations
Cost
Sizeandinstallation
4 2013 PowerWorld Corporation
FlexibleACTransmissionSystems
(FACTS) IEEEDefinitions
Flexibility
abilitytoaccommodatechangesinthesystemor
operatingconditionswithoutviolatingstability
margins
FlexibleACTransmissionSystem
incorporatespowerelectronicsandotherstatic
controllerstoenhancecontrollabilityandincrease
transfercapability
FACTSController
providescontrolofoneormoreACtransmission
systemparameter
FACTSWorkingGroup,ProposedTermsandDefinitionsforFlexibleACTransmissionSystem
(FACTS),IEEETransactionsonPowerDelivery,Vol.12,Issue4,October1997.
5 2013 PowerWorld Corporation
ActiveImpedanceInjection
TheSynchronousVoltageSource(SVS)
V
COMP
I
LINE
u
Re
jIm
InductiveRange
CapacitiveRange
+ V
COMP
- I
LINE
Inverter
Device
Insertion
Transformer
Control
Signals
=
=
comp Line
Line c Line L
V I Z
jI X or jI X
InjectsanACvoltage,V
COMP
ControlsV
COMP
withrespecttoI
LINE
Changeseffectivelineimpedance
ManyFACTSdevicesusethisconcept
In practice, V
COMP
is 90
degrees out of phase
with the line current)
Otherwise you must
have a power source!
6 2013 PowerWorld Corporation
FACTSTechnologies
StaticVar Compensator(SVC)
Thyristorcontrolledcapacitorsandreactors
Stabilityandvoltagecontrol
ThyristorControlledSeriesCapacitors(TCSC)
orThyristorSwitchedSeriesCapacitors(TSSC)
Thyristorcontrolledcapacitorsandreactors
Capacitiveorinductivecompensation
StaticSynchronousSeriesCompensator(SSSC)
UsesaSVS
Capacitiveorinductivecompensation
7 2013 PowerWorld Corporation
FACTSTechnologies
StaticSynchronousCompensator(STATCOM)
orStaticSynchronousCompensator(SSC)
UsesaSVS
Analogoustosynchronouscondensers
UnifiedPowerFlowController(UPFC)
CombinationofSTATCOMandSSSC
Controlvoltageandrealandreactivepowerflows
VariableFrequencyTransformer(VFT)
Transferpowerbetweenasynchronousgrids
FirstinstallationinQuebec,2004
Andmore
8 2013 PowerWorld Corporation
DFACTSDevices
Recently-Introduced Distributed
FACTS Devices
Capacitive or inductive
Distributed Static Series
Compensator (DSSC)
Distributed Series Reactor
(DSR) (inductive only)
Synchronous Voltage Source
Attach directly to lines
Small and modular
D.Divan,Improvingpowerlineutilizationand
performancewithDFACTSdevices,IEEEPESGeneral
Meeting,June2005.
9 2013 PowerWorld Corporation
HowcanDFACTSImprove
Operations
Exploitthefactthatnotalllocationshave
equalimpact
Determinethebestlocationsforthe
applicationsofinterest
Then,determineDFACTSsettingstoachieve
thedesiredpurpose
PotentialapplicationsforDFACTSinclude
reducingflowthroughoverloadedlines
minimizinglosses
minimizingcost
10 2013 PowerWorld Corporation
DFACTSTechnology
SmartWireGridiscurrentlybuildingand
deployingDSRs
AnARPAEprojectwithSmartWireGridis
inprogresstoimplementDFACTSdevices
insoftwareandanalyzetheirbenefitsto
powersystems
11 2013 PowerWorld Corporation
PowerWorldDFACTSSupport
PowerWorld recentlyaddedimplementation
ofthestandalonefunctionalityofDFACTS
devices,wherethevalueofseriesreactive
impedanceXonthelineissetasafunctionof
thelinecurrent.
Thismodeofoperationforseriesconnected
DFACTSdevicesisdescribedin[1]and[2].
[1] H. Johal and D. Divan, Design considerations for series-connected distributed FACTS
converters, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 1609-1618,
Nov./Dec. 2007.
[2] H. Johal and D. Divan, Current limiting conductors: A distributed approach for increasing
T&D system capacity and enhancing reliability, in 2005/2006 IEEE PES Transmission and
Distribution Conference and Exhibition, pp.1127-1133, May 2006.
12 2013 PowerWorld Corporation
DFACTSModelInputs
ForeachlinewithDFACTSdevices,the
userentersthenumberofmodulesandthe
reactiveimpedancepermodule
Theuseralsospecifiesvaluesofline
currentmagnitudeI
0
andI
lim
BelowI
0
,theDFACTSdevicesareinactive
AboveI
lim
,thecumulativeimpedanceinjection
oftheDFACTSdevicesonthelineisatits
maximumvalue
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InsertingDFACTS
Onthetransmission
linedialog,clickon
DFACTSDeviceson
theLinetoseethe
DFACTSsettings
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DFACTSOperationalProfile
Apiecewiselinearfunctionoftheformshown
belowiscreatedandusedinternallybasedonthe
enteredinformation
I
line
x
i
n
j
e
c
t
e
d
I
0
I
lim
x
0
x
lim
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DFACTSDialog
Current operating
point
Basic
settings
Auto-configuration
settings
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PowerFlowSupport
SimulationSolutionProcess:ThreeNestedLoops
MWControlLoop
VoltageControllerLoop
InnerPowerFlowloop
PowerWorld SimulatorimplementsthecontrolofD
FACTSdevicesinthevoltagecontrolloopofthepower
flowsolution.
Thatis,aftertheinnerpowerflowloopissolvedto
determinethestatevariables,thelinecurrentis
calculated,andtheDFACTSvaluesareadjusted
accordingtotheirpredefinedpiecewiselinearlookup
functions,ifnecessary.
IftheDFACTSvaluesarechanged,anadditionalpower
flowinnerloopissolved.
Traditionally
called the
Power Flow
Voltage
Control
Loop
MW Control
Loop
Generation
Interchange
Control
17 2013 PowerWorld Corporation
LineImpedanceSensitivities
Howdoesachangeinlineimpedance
affecttherestofthesystem?
Whatcanbecontrolledbychangingline
impedances?
WhatDFACTSsettingswillprovidethis
control?
18 2013 PowerWorld Corporation
LineImpedanceSensitivities
(
c c c
= +
(
c c c
(



(,V) flow, flow,
flow
(,V)
s P P
dP
dx s x x
PowerFlowto
Statesensitivity
matrix
PowerFlowto
Impedance
sensitivitymatrix
| | | |
flow,

P = x
V
A
( ( (
A E + I A
( ( (
A


u
E
I
| |
A
( (
u A
( (
A

= x
V
Stateto
Impedance
sensitivity
matrix
u
19 2013 PowerWorld Corporation
SingleControlChange
New
control
to calculate
Xinj
sensitivities
for DSR
placement
20 2013 PowerWorld Corporation
MultipleControlChange
21 2013 PowerWorld Corporation
ContingencyAnalysisResults
Monitoring
Use custom
monitors
to monitor
D-FACTS
response
Automatically
limit what
gets
reported
22 2013 PowerWorld Corporation
ContingencyViolationMatrices
New tab
showing
DSR results
View DSR
contingency
results
View by
contingency
or by custom
monitor
23 2013 PowerWorld Corporation
Summary
WiththeintroductionofDFACTSdevicesinto
operationalsystems,PowerWorld wantstomakeit
possibletomodeltheirbehaviorinthesystem
PowerWorld istakingthefirststepstoaddressthis
needby
AddedDFACTSdeviceobjectsintothesoftware
ImplementedDFACTSdeviceinthepowerflow
Addedfeaturetomakecustommonitoringincontingency
analysisuseful
AlsoworkingwithSmartWireGridandDOEARPAEto
implementDFACTSintheOPFsolutionalgorithm
KateRogersDavis
kate@powerworld.com
2173846330ext 14