Chapter 12 Load Capacity Rating of Existing Bridges and Rehabilitation Techniques

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Purpose of rating

1-Determine load capacity-posting 2-Determine design capacity for bridges without original design drawings

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Vehicles categories

Vehicle categories

Single unit vehiclelegal weight 215 250 kN 2 unit vehicles (tractor/semi-trailer or tractor/trailer) legal weight 380-430 kN Vehicle train -legal weight 530-600 kN

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AASHTO

MAX 10T

Single value posting

(i) posting in terms of max. tonnage

(a) H-20
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=20T 50% H20 -> Max 10T

4T

(b) HS-20
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16T

(OK for short span bridge)

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=36T 50% HS20->Max 18T

4T

16T

(Reasonable for long span 16T bridges, since force effects almost independent of no. of axles) Bridge Engineering

Rating models

AASTO (cont.)

MAX 10T MAX 18T MAX 25T

Multi-value posting

(a)

10T evaluation level 1

(b)

18T Evaluation level 2

(c)

25T, evaluation level 3

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CHBDC multi-level posting system

(i) Posting sign shows 3 limits, one for each vehicle category (ii) 3 evaluation levels

Level 1 capacity rating for vehicle cat. 1 Level 2 capacity rating for vehicle cat. 2 Level 3 capacity rating for vehicle cat. 3

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CHBDC (cont.)

(iii) Evaluation loading modules

(a) truck model and lane load for each evaluation level

Level 1: CL1-W truck and lane load Level 2: CL2-W truck and lane load Level 3: CL3-W truck and lane load

(b) Loading models are at MOL levels and therefore include overload allowance
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CHBDC code evaluation model

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CHBDC code evaluation model

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Scale down factor

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Rating models

Load shift factor Fs

in ratio of the

force effect per unit gross weight of the partially loaded vehicle and, force effect per unit gross weight of the truck model (minimum

Adjustments

1.0)

(1) Overload allowance LOV (in kN) Level 3= LOV =35.0+c/6 <=90 Level 2= L =30.0+c/7 <= 107 OV

Level 1= LOV =30.0 +c/9 <= 107

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Rating models

(2) Partially loaded vehicles LSH (in kN)

LSH = ( Fs 1.0)Ga Fa ( Fs = Fe Ga Ge )

Fa

Ga
Fe

Ge

the max. force effect due to an actual truck the gross weight of the actual truck the max. force effect due to an evaluation truck load the gross weight of an evaluation truck
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Rating models

Theoretical capacity C = F G (Gross weight of an evaluation truck) e Operational capacity =C - L OV - LSH Posting Requirements

Level 1

Fully loaded truck (with overload) = 625 kN Empty truck 0.30 625 188 kN If F1 < 0.30 -> the bridge can not carry empty trucks. Not allow this category of trucks

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Rating models

Level 1

If F1 > 1.0 then F3 } > 1 Posting is not required, therefore, the evaluation procedure always start from F1

F2

Level 1 or 2

If F1or 2 > 0.30 then use triple posting sign F1or 2 < 0.30 use single value posting sign with posting load corresponding to level 3 If
F3 < 0.30 consider closing bridge

Level 3

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Evaluation procedure

1-Establish material properties (14.6.3.1.-5) 2- Whether bridge is of basic type, (5-7.1.1) 3- Deck slab evaluation

(i) obtain capacity (ii) Compute scale down factors,

F1 , F2 , F3

4- (a) Determine elastic inertia of interior girder.

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Evaluation procedure

4-(b) Calculate dead load on interior girder 5- Dead load effects on girders (i) determine load effects for different categories of dead load (ii) Total un-factored dead load effects, Dn and total factored dead load effects (dead load factors)
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Evaluation procedure

6- Live load effects and dynamic load allowance on girders

(i) determine max. live load effects due to one loaded design lane and hence one line of wheels (ii) determine load factors for various number of lanes loaded cases (iii) determine DLA for int. girder, same value maybe used for ext. ones
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Evaluation procedure

Determine max.

s (1 + I )m f by scanning Dd

through all loading cases

7- Girder resistance

(i) determine girder classification (ii) determine factored moment resistance (iii) determine factored shear resistance

8- Determine scale down factors F1 , F2 , F3 for moment. For non-composite due it for shear; and adopt the smaller values
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Evaluation procedure

9- determine theoretical capacities for three categories of evaluation vehicles 10- determine operational capacities for these categories of vehicles

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Evaluation procedure

Design lanes

1)- normal traffic the number of loaded lanes, according to current of intended use, where the lanes are clearly designated

Modification factors (14-8.4.2)

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Evaluation procedure

2)- Permit vehicle with normal traffic (14-8.4.3)

Do not apply the modification factors from table 14-8.4.2 to the load due to controlled vehicle itself Apply a factor (Table 14.8.4.3) to normal traffic loads in the other loaded lanes The lane containing the controlled vehicle shall be included in determining the number of loaded lanes

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Example

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Material properties

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