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Kultur Dokumente
Vitamin
C
Also
known
as
_________or
ascorbate
_______
an#oxidant
in
aqueous
compartments
such
as
______
Cytoplasm
of
cells
Gives
radicals
H+
Free
radical
stops
being
a
radical,
it
is
captured
Vitamin
E
Vitamin
E
(tocopherols)
are
the
rst
line
of
defense
against
free
radical
damage
of
________
Capturing
the
free
radical
Stopping
free-radical
chain
reac#ons
Synergis#c
Ac#vity
Vitamin
C
&
E
appear
to
work
synergis#cally
to
inhibit
oxida#on
1. Work
in
complementary
parts
of
cell
Vitamin
C
is
a
potent
an#oxidant
in
aqueous
solu#on
Vitamin
E
is
a
potent
an#oxidant
in
lipid
environment
2. Also,
Vit
C
interacts
with
tocopherol
radical
(used
Vit
E)
&
regenerates
reduced
tocopherol
(ac#ve
form
of
Vit
E)
Regenera#on
of
Vitamin
E
Vit.
E
+
vit.
C
vit.
E
+
vit.
C
Vitamin E is an Antioxidant
Carotenoids
Family
of
yellow-orange
food
(plant)
pigments
___________(vitamin
A
ac#vity)
___________
Lutein
Red,
yellow
and
orange
produce
Also
stop
free
radical
reac#ons
in
lipid
parts
of
cell
Selenium
(Se)
A
cofactor
for
glutathione
peroxidase
Water-soluble
enzyme
Catalyze
the
destruc#on
of
the
ROS
hydrogen
peroxide
SOD
H2O2 + O2
Manganese
(Mn)
Also
a
Mn
SOD
Manganese
version
of
SOD
found
in
mitochondria
Electron
transport
chain
in
mitochondria
generates
lots
of
superoxide
radicals
Iron
(Fe)
Cofactor
for
Catalase
Gets
rid
of
ROS,
hydrogen
peroxide
Bad
news
Unbound
ferric
Fe
(Fe3+)
acts
as
a
pro-oxidant
Results
in
the
forma#on
of
highly
toxic
hydroxyl
peroxide
(OH)
Catalase
2H2O2
2H2O + O2
Supplements may provide too much An#-oxidants can actually act as a pro- oxidant under certain condi#ons It may be important for an#oxidant nutrients to be consumed in combina#on with other chemicals/an#oxidants naturally occurring in food
Phytochemicals:
Health-promo#ng
substances
found
in
plant
foods
Hundreds
of
phytochemicals
are
currently
being
studied
Many
believed
to
have
a
major
posi#ve
impact
on
cancer
and
cardiovascular
disease
Very
lidle
proven
benets
of
phytochemical
supplements
High
concentra#ons
may
behave
like
drugs
Can
be
toxic
Possibly
even
contribute
to
cancer
cell
growth
PHYTOESTROGENS
300
estrogenic
compounds
in
plants
Compounds
that
Exert
estrogenic
eects
on
the
central
nervous
system
Induce
estrus
S#mulate
growth
of
the
genital
tract
of
female
animals
Possible Eects on Health: May Reverse symptoms of menopause Prevent bone resorp#on and promote increased bone density Reduce cancer risk Reduce total cholesterol & LDL cholesterol lower risk of heart disease
Exam II on Monday