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Vipersat CDM-570L Users Guide

April 13, 2005

Vipersat CDM-570L Users Guide

Part number 22125 Software Version 1.4.4 Document Revsion 1.4.4

April 13, 2005

Comtech VIPERSAT Networks, Inc. 3089 Skyway Court Fremont, CA 94539 USA Phone: (510) 252-1462 Fax: (510) 252-1695 www.vipersat.com Part Number 22125 Manual Version 1.4.4 Software Version 1.4.4 2004 by Comtech VIPERSAT Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be copied or reproduced without prior written permission of Comtech VIPERSAT Networks, Inc. All products, names, and services are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Printed in the United States of America

Document Revision Status


Document Revision Date
Rev. 1.4.4 April 15, 2005

Description
Added ToS (Type of Service) switching for encrypted networks.

Affected Pages
Page 1-24 1-27

Table of Contents
Configuring the CDM-570L
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Network role . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Setting Vipersat CDM-570L operating parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CDM-570L role . . . . . . . . . . . . Routing in a Vipersat Network . . . . Setting up a Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . CDM-570L Command Line Interface (CLI) . . Main menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Administration menu . . . . . . . . . . Feature Configuration menu. . . . . . . . Vipersat Feature Codes menu. . . . . Vipersat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STDMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auto Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . Vipersat Configuration menu . . . . . . . . . STDMA Mode menu . . . . . . . . . . . . STDMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STDMA Tx Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . Hub Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Group ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cycles Per Burst Map . . . . . . . . . Slot Guardband . . . . . . . . . . . . Slot Preamble Length . . . . . . . . . Nominal Data Length . . . . . . . . . Minimum Data Length . . . . . . . . . Slot Cycle Length . . . . . . . . . . . Set Remotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Modifying a Remotes Name and IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Modifying Base . . . . . . . . . . . Remote Count . . . . . . . . . . . . Deleting a Remote . . . . . . . . . . Enabling/Disabling a remote . . . . . Viewing a remote . . . . . . . . . . Remove Remote Cycles . . . . . . . Remove Remote Retry Cycles. . . . STDMA Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . Show Hub Statistics . . . . . . . . . . STDMA Menu for a Remote Unit . . . Group ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STDMA Statistics . . . . . . . . . . STDMA/SCPC Automatic Switching. . . . Auto Switching a Hub CDM-570L . . . 1-1 . 1-1 . 1-2 . 1-2 . 1-3 . 1-4 1-6 . 1-6 . 1-6 . 1-7 . 1-8 . 1-8 . 1-8 . 1-8 1-10 1-10 1-11 1-11 1-11 1-12 1-12 1-12 1-13 1-13 1-14 1-14 1-14 1-15 1-15 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-17 1-17 1-17 1-18 1-18 1-19 1-20 1-20 1-20 1-20 Auto Switching . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21 Current WAN Transmit Mode . . . . 1-21 Load Switching . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21 STDMA Slot Capacity . . . . . . . . 1-22 STDMA Switch Delay . . . . . . . . 1-22 Percent Allocation . . . . . . . . . . 1-22 Auto Switching a Remote CDM-570L . 1-23 Current WAN Transmit Mode . . . . 1-23 Voice Switch Detection . . . . . . . 1-24 Video Switch Detection . . . . . . . 1-24 ToS Switch Detection . . . . . . . . 1-24 Load Switching . . . . . . . . . . . 1-25 SCPC Step Up Threshold . . . . . . 1-25 SCPC Step Down Threshold . . . . 1-25 SCPC Step Delay . . . . . . . . . . 1-25 SCPC Step Up Excess . . . . . . . 1-25 ToS Switching Control. . . . . . . . 1-25 ToS Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26 Delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28 View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28 Unit Role [Hub] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28 Expansion Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28 Network ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-29 Unit Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-29 Transmit Multicast Address . . . . . . . . 1-30 Receive Multicast Address . . . . . . . . 1-30 Managing IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30 Path Loss Data Multicast . . . . . . . . . 1-31 Dynamic Power Control . . . . . . . . . . 1-31 Dynamic Power Control Configuration menu . . 1-33 DPC Enabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-34 Default Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-34 Calibrated Data Rate . . . . . . . . . 1-35 Max Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-35 Min Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-36 Max Step Down Power . . . . . . . . 1-36 Max Step Up Power . . . . . . . . . . 1-37 Target EbNo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-37 Target Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-37 Speed Up EbNo . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-38 Set Home State Parameters . . . . . . . 1-38 Set Current Configuration as Home State. . 1-39 Force Modem to Home State . . . . . 1-39

STDMA State . . . . . . . Transmit Frequency . . . . Transmit Data Rate . . . . Transmit Coding Rate . . . Transmit Modulation Type . Transmit Power Level . . . Transmit Enable . . . . . . Receive Frequency . . . . Receive Data Rate. . . . . Receive Coding Rate . . . Receive Modulation Type .

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1-39 1-40 1-40 1-40 1-40 1-41 1-41 1-41 1-41 1-42 1-42

Binary Math & Network Addressing


The OSI Reference Model . . . . . . Layers 1 - 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . Private network IP addresses . Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . Subnets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Network Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2 . A-2 . A-4 . A-5 . A-6 . A-7 . A-7

Glossary Index

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VMS User Guide

List of Figures
Figure 1-1 Configuring the route table dialog . . 1-5 Figure 1-2 CDM-570L main menu . . . . . . . . . . 1-6 Figure 1-3 CDM-570L Administration screen . . 1-7 Figure 1-4 CDM-570L feature configuration screen 1-7 Figure 1-5 Feature and unlock code dialog . . . 1-8 Figure 1-6 CDM-570L Vipersat configuration menu 1-10 Figure 1-7 CDM-570L STDMA menu . . . . . . . 1-11 Figure 1-8 CDM-570L hub type menu . . . . . . 1-11 Figure 1-9 CDM-570L group ID menu . . . . . . 1-12 Figure 1-10 CDM-570L cycles per burst map. 1-12 Figure 1-11 CDM-570L slot guardband . . . . . 1-13 Figure 1-12 CDM-570L slot preamble length . 1-13 Figure 1-13 CDM-570L nominal data length . 1-14 Figure 1-14 CDM-570L minimum data length 1-14 Figure 1-15 CDM-570L STDMA remotes menu . . 1-15 Figure 1-16 Modifying a remotes name and IP . . 1-15 Figure 1-17 Modifying display base . . . . . . . . 1-16 Figure 1-18 Deleting a remote . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16 Figure 1-19 Enabling or disabling a remote . . 1-16 Figure 1-20 Viewing a remote . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17 Figure 1-21 Remove remote cycles count . . . 1-17 Figure 1-22 Removed remote retry cycles . . . 1-18 Figure 1-23 CDM-570L STDMA statistics . . . 1-18 Figure 1-24 CDM-570L hub statistics . . . . . . . 1-19 Figure 1-25 STDMA menu for a remote unit . 1-20 Figure 1-26 Hub auto switching menu . . . . . . 1-21 Figure 1-27 CDM-570L STDMA slot capacity 1-22 Figure 1-28 CDM-570L STDMA switch delay menu 1-22 Figure 1-29 CDM-570L STDMA percent allocation menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-23 Figure 1-30 Auto switching menu for a remote1-23 Figure 1-31 ToS switching control . . . . . . . . . 1-26 Figure 1-32 ToS Entry 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26 Figure 1-33 New ToS entry values added . . . 1-27 Figure 1-34 ToS delete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28 Figure 1-35 ToS View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28 Figure 1-36 CDM-570L unit role menu . . . . . . 1-28 Figure 1-37 Expansion unit menu. . . . . . . . . . 1-29 Figure 1-38 Network ID number menu . . . . . . 1-29 Figure 1-39 CDM-570L unit name menu . . . . 1-29 Figure 1-40 CDM-570L transmit multicast IP address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-30 Figure 1-41 CDM-570L receive multicast IP address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-30 Figure 1-42 Managing IP address menu . . . .1-30 Figure 1-43 Dynamic Power Control parameters. 1-33 Figure 1-44 Dynamic power control configuration menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-34 Figure 1-45 DPC default power level command . . 1-34 Figure 1-46 Calibrated data rate menu . . . . . .1-35 Figure 1-47 Maximum power menu . . . . . . . .1-35 Figure 1-48 Minimum power menu . . . . . . . . .1-36 Figure 1-49 Max step down power . . . . . . . . .1-36 Figure 1-50 Maximum step up power menu . .1-37 Figure 1-51 Target EbNo menu . . . . . . . . . . .1-37 Figure 1-52 Target range menu . . . . . . . . . . .1-38 Figure 1-53 Speed up EbNo value menu . . . .1-38 Figure 1-54 Home state configuration parameters menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-39 Figure 1-55 Force CDM-570L to home state warning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-39 Figure 1-56 CDM-570L transmit frequency . .1-40 Figure 1-57 CDM-570L transmit data rate . . .1-40 Figure 1-58 CDM-570L transmit coding rate .1-40 Figure 1-59 CDM-570L transmit modulation type . 1-41 Figure 1-60 CDM-570L transmit power level .1-41 Figure 1-61 CDM-570L receive frequency . . .1-41 Figure 1-62 CDM-570L receive data rate . . . .1-42 Figure 1-63 CDM-570L receive coding rate menu 1-42 Figure 1-64 CDM-570L receive modulation type menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-42 Figure A-1 The seven OSI protocol layers . . . A-2 Figure A-2 Bits and bytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3 Figure A-3 Binary to decimal conversion . . . . A-3 Figure A-4 IP address classes . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5 Figure A-5 Default subnet masks for each IP class A-6 Figure A-6 ANDing an IP address and a subnet mask. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7 Figure A-7 Network segments separated by router A-8

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CHAPTER

CONFIGURING THE CDM-570L


General
The Vipersat CDM-570L Modem/Routers store their configurations in an ASCII configuration file. This chapter describes the configuration of a CDM-570L Modem/Router using the CLI (Command Line Interface.)

Network role
The CDM-570L is a flexible network component able to perform different functions depending on how it is used in a network. You will be entering the network role for each CDM-570L which, in turn, will determine what functions are available for each unit to fill its role. Refer to the section Unit Role [Hub] on page 1-28 for details on setting a CDM-570Ls network role. Table 1-1 list some typical network functions and the corresponding network role the CDM-570L must have to perform the function.
Table 1-1
CDM-570L network functions and roles

CDM-570L network function


Hub burst controller providing STDMA timing maps Hub point-to-point SCPC modem Hub switched demodulator Remote STDMA modem Remote point-to-point SCPC modem Remote mesh demodulator

Hub Remote Expansion


X X X X X X

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1-1

G en e r a l

This manual covers the configuration of the CDM-570L used in a Vipersat network. Refer to the CDM-570L L-band Satellite Modem (2.4 kbps 5 Mbps) Installation and Operation Manual (Part Number CD/CDM570L.IOM) for instruction on setting up, installing and configuring the CDM-570L. Note: Before attempting to configure a CDM-570L, make certain it has the Vipersat option installed and enabled. These procedures describe using the CLI from a workstation connected to the CDM-570L via a telnet connection. You may also use HyperTerminal or any of the other connection methods described in the CDM-570L L-band Satellite Modem (2.4 kbps 5 Mbps) Installation and Operation Manual. Once a connection has been made to the target CDM-570L the Main Menu shown in figure 1-2 is displayed.

NOTE

Setting Vipersat CDM-570L operating parameters


The following is an example of using the CDM-570L CLI interface to bring a Vipersat CDM-570L with factory default settings to the configuration which allows the Vipersat functions to be accessible. When the param image of the CDM-570L has either been reset to or still has factory default configuration, all feature and unlock codes in the CDM570L are deleted and all configurations are reset making the Vipersat feature set unavailable. Caution: Ensure the transmit L-Band cable is disconnected if the CDM-570L has had its param image reset to factory default and leave the cable disconnected until all parameters have been restored as described in the following procedure.

CDM-570L role
The operating parameters you will configure in the target CDM-570L are, in part, determined by the role the CDM-570L is to fill in the network as shown in table 1-1 and table 1-2. Use the following procedure to configure a CDM-570L to the network role it is to fill in a Vipersat network.
1. From the Main Menu shown in figure 1-2, select the Administration

command by entering an A at the command prompt. 2. From the Administration page shown in figure 1-3, select the Features Configuration command by entering an F at the command prompt.

1-2

S a t e l l i te N e t w o r k I n s ta l l a t i o n a n d C o n f i g u r a t i o n

General

3. From the Features Command menu shown in figure 1-4, enter an F at the command prompt. You will be prompted to enter the 3 digit feature code and then the unlock code as shown in figure 1-5.
Tip: The network administrator will have the feature and unlock codes. These are stored by the MAC address for the target CDM-570L. You can find the target units MAC address by entering an I and then an E from the Main Menu shown in figure 1-2.

4. After entering the feature and unlock codes, go to the Feature Configuration menu, shown in figure 1-4, and toggle the Vipersat, STDMA, and Automatic Switching (see table 1-2) menu items to Enabled to set these Vipersat features. Save the settings to flash by entering an S at the command prompt.
Table 1-2
CDM-570L network roles

Unit Role
Hub Hub Expansion Remote Remote Expansion

Vipersat
Enabled Enabled Enabled Enabled

STDMA
(Optional) Enabled Disabled (Optional) Enabled Disabled

Auto Switching
Disabled Disabled (Optional) Enabled Disabled

5. Exit the Feature Configuration menu by entering an X at the command prompt. You will now be on the Administration page. Ensure the working mode is Router. If the mode is Easy Connect select C. You will see a prompt warning that changing the working mode will require reboot. Select 1 for Routing mode and the unit will reboot. 6. This completes enabling the Vipersat functions on the target CDM-570L. Routing in a Vipersat Network CDM-570L modem/routers operating in Vipersat mode do not use the small or large network described in the CDM-570L L-band Satellite Modem (2.4 kbps 5 Mbps) Installation and Operation Manual. There is no HDLC address in a Vipersat network. Instead, in a Vipersat network the CDM-570L role designation hub or remote, expansion unit or not (see table 1-2) determines routing rules which prevent multicast loops. This makes a Vipersat network simpler to configure. Since satellite networks are often used as extensions for Internet access or the PSTN, they lend themselves quite readily to private addressing. For example, if you want the satellite network to be able to access the Internet, only the hub requires a public IP address for the entire satellite network controlled by the hub to have access to the Internet backbone. By using Network Address Translation (NAT) the hub operator can effectively address his network using very few static route statements.
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1-3

G en e r a l

Example: The IP address 172.16.0.0 is the private address network number for class B networks. If there is a router at the hub with a connection to the Internet, the operator can define the local network as a class B. If the operator splits the Class B in half and points the upper half toward the satellite there will be over 16000 usable addresses at the hub as well as at the remotes. For details on IP addressing, refer to Appendix A, "Binary Math & Network Addressing". By putting one route statement in the TDM CDM-570L Remotes 172.16.128.0/17 Wan to Sat and by using GW 0.0.0.0/0 Wan to Sat at the remotes, the network will successfully route packets. The remotes can then be sub-netted as class C networks or below. Additional routers at the remotes can be added for unusually large sites allowing an additional layer of NAT without requiring any more explicit routing within the Vipersat Modem/Routers. Refer to the CDM-570L L-band Satellite Modem (2.4 kbps 5 Mbps) Installation and Operation Manual (Part Number CD/CDM570L.IOM) for detailed instructions on entering routes.

Setting up a Hub
The following procedures determine the role the target CDM-570L will play in the network.
1. From the main menu shown in figure 1-2, select Route Table by entering an

R at the command prompt. 2. From the dialog shown in figure 1-1, enter a 1 at the command prompt. and enter the default route. 3. The default route will typically point to a router on the CDM-570L hub unit LAN. You will be prompted for the route name (GW), the IP address, and the number of bits in the subnet mask. The system administrator can supply this information.

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S a t e l l i te N e t w o r k I n s ta l l a t i o n a n d C o n f i g u r a t i o n

General

Figure 1-1 Configuring the route table dialog

4. The hub unit is the TDM outbound, a route statement or statements describing the remote units must be entered as well. 5. Enter an X at the command prompt in figure 1-1 to exit the Configuring the Route Table menu. 6. Enter a V at the Main Menu command prompt shown in figure 1-2 to select the Vipersat Configuration menu shown in figure 1-6. 7. Enter an R at the command prompt to toggle the Unit Role to Hub. 8. Enter a B at the command prompt to set the network ID. 9. At the command prompt, enter an N and then a V to set the transmit and receive multicast addresses. 10. Toggle Path Lost Data Multicast to Enabled by entering a P at the command prompt. 11. Refer to the section Vipersat Configuration menu on page 1-10 for details on configuring the target Vipersat CDM-570L. 12. This completes the process of configuring a CDM-570L from the factory default settings to a functioning, Vipersat-enabled unit.

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1-5

C DM - 5 7 0 L C o m m a n d L i n e I n t e r f a c e ( C L I )

CDM-570L Command Line Interface (CLI)


This section details the CLI command menus and briefly discusses the function of each of the commands available on each menu.

Main menu
The Main Menu, shown in figure 1-2, allows configuring both the modem and router functions of the target CDM-570L. Note: The entry Vipersat Configuration shown in figure 1-2 will only be displayed if the target CDM-570L has had the Vipersat option enabled as described in the section Setting Vipersat CDM-570L operating parameters on page 1-2.

NOTE

Figure 1-2 CDM-570L main menu

A Vipersat CDM-570L is normally shipped with the Vipersat option enabled. You can verify the CDM-570L configuration by checking that the command line Vipersat Configuration is displayed on the menu as shown in Figure 1-2. If the Vipersat option is not enabled, you will have to set it as described in the section Setting Vipersat CDM-570L operating parameters on page 1-2.

Administration menu
The Administration Menu also contains Vipersat CDM-570L commands. Entering an A at the prompt in the Main Menu, shown in figure 1-2 displays the Administration Menu shown in figure 1-3.

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S a t e l l i te N e t w o r k I n s ta l l a t i o n a n d C o n f i g u r a t i o n

CDM-570L Command Line Interface (CLI)

Figure 1-3 CDM-570L Administration screen

Enter an F at the prompt to display the Feature Configuration screen shown in figure 1-4.

Feature Configuration menu

Figure 1-4 CDM-570L feature configuration screen

The Feature Configuration menu shown in figure 1-4 allows enabling and disabling CDM-570L features. Use this menu to enable and disable Vipersat features such as:
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1-7

C DM - 5 7 0 L C o m m a n d L i n e I n t e r f a c e ( C L I )

Vipersat STDMA Auto Switching Note: You must enable and disable these Vipersat features using this menu. They cannot be enabled or disabled from the Vipersat menu.

NOTE

Vipersat Feature Codes menu


The Vipersat feature codes can be entered as three hexidecimal digits at the command prompt as shown figure 1-5 and determine which Vipersat features have been purchased for the target CDM-570L and are available for use.

Figure 1-5 Feature and unlock code dialog

Similarly, unlock codes determine which CDM-570L features have been purchased and are available for use on the target CDM-570L.
Tip: You may find it more convenient to use the Vipersat Vload utility to manage feature and unlock codes.

Vipersat
This command is a toggle which either enables or disables the Vipersat features in the target Vipersat CDM-570L. Caution: Be sure this command is enabled if you plan on using any of the Vipersat capabilities of your Vipersat CDM-570L STDMA If you plan on using the Vipersat feature STDMA in the target Vipersat CDM-570L, you must toggle this feature on with this command. Auto Switching If you plan on using the auto switching capabilities of the target Vipersat CDM-570L, toggle the auto switch command to enabled.
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S a t e l l i te N e t w o r k I n s ta l l a t i o n a n d C o n f i g u r a t i o n

CDM-570L Command Line Interface (CLI)

Once you have completed the items on the Feature Configuration menu, return to the Main Menu shown in figure 1-2 and enter the V command to display the Vipersat Configuration menu shown in figure 1-6.

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1-9

V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n m en u

Vipersat Configuration menu


Entering V at the prompt from the CDM-570L Main Menu shown in figure 1-2 displays the Vipersat Configuration commands shown in figure 1-6.

Figure 1-6 CDM-570L Vipersat configuration menu

This menu lists the available commands for configuring a Vipersat CDM-570L. Each of these commands are explained in the following sections.

STDMA Mode menu


The items in the STDMA menu will vary depending on the function the target CDM-570L performs in the network. The CDM-570L STDMA screen shown in figure 1-7 is serving as a hub in the network. For comparison the STDMA Mode menu for a CDM-570L operating as a remote extension unit is shown in figure 1-25. Note that many of the options available for the CDM-570L operating as a hub shown in figure 1-7 are not available.

1-10

S a t e l l i te N e t w o r k I n s ta l l a t i o n a n d C o n f i g u r a t i o n

V ip e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t i o n m e n u

Figure 1-7 CDM-570L STDMA menu

STDMA
This menu item is read-only and shows the current state of STDMA in the CDM-570L. In order to change STDMA state in the CDM-570L, refer to the section Feature Configuration menu on page 1-7,

STDMA Tx Rate
This menu item shows the STDMA transmit rate in bps. This item is read-only and cannot be modified in this menu.

Hub Type
This menu item is only displayed if the CDM-570L is being used as a hub in the network. STDMA has two modes of operation: Fixed and Dynamic. In Fixed mode, all remotes get the same size slot, regardless of activity. In Dynamic mode, the slot size is adjusted each cycle depending on activity during the previous cycle. You can specify the number of spins per cycle using the command in the section Cycles Per Burst Map on page 1-12.

Figure 1-8 CDM-570L hub type menu

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1-11

V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n m en u

You can set the hub to operate as either fixed or dynamic by entering a T at the command prompt. This selection determines whether available bandwidth will be a static (fixed) assignment, or whether bandwidth allocation will be dynamic with automatic switching to dynamically optimize bandwidth utilization.

Group ID
The STDMA group ID number defines a group of equipment which will respond to the output of the burst controller. This group is addressable within a network which, in turn, is defined by the network ID number assigned to the CDM-570L. Note: The STDMA group number and the network ID are independent. There can be multiple STDMA groups within a single network.

NOTE

Figure 1-9 CDM-570L group ID menu

You can modify the target CDM-570L group ID by entering an I at the command prompt to display the dialog shown in figure 1-9.

Cycles Per Burst Map


This menu displays the current number of cycles for the burst map. You can modify the number of cycles per burst map by entering a C at the command prompt.

Figure 1-10 CDM-570L cycles per burst map

Slot Guardband
This menu item displays the current length of the slot guardband in milliseconds and the size of the guardband in bytes for the target CDM-570L.

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S a t e l l i te N e t w o r k I n s ta l l a t i o n a n d C o n f i g u r a t i o n

V ip e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t i o n m e n u

Figure 1-11 CDM-570L slot guardband

You can modify these values by entering a G at the command prompt to display the dialog shown in figure 1-11 and entering new values. Note: Note that the value you enter at the command line in figure 1-11 is in milliseconds. The corresponding value expressed in bytes is calculated by the CDM-570L based on the STDMA transmit bit rate as shown in the menu in figure 1-7.

NOTE

Slot Preamble Length


This menu item displays the current slot preamble size in milli-seconds and bytes for the target CDM-570L.

Figure 1-12 CDM-570L slot preamble length

Entering a P at the command prompt allows changing the preamble duration in milliseconds. Note: Refer to the Viper Calculator for determining preamble length values to enter at the command prompt. If you not have a copy of the latest Viper Calculator, contact your Comtech Vipersat Networks representative to inquire about a copy.

NOTE

Nominal Data Length


This menu item displays the nominal slot data length in milli-seconds and bytes for the target CDM-570L.

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1-13

V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n m en u

Figure 1-13 CDM-570L nominal data length

Entering a B at the command prompt brings up the dialog shown in figure 1-13 allowing changing the nominal data length, in milli-seconds, for the target CDM-570L.

Minimum Data Length


This menu item displays the minimum data length in milli-seconds and bytes for the target CDM-570L

Figure 1-14 CDM-570L minimum data length

Entering an M at the command prompt brings up the dialog shown in figure 1-14 allowing changing the minimum data length, in milli-seconds, for the target CDM-570L.

Slot Cycle Length


This menu item is for information only and displays the slot cycle length in Milli-seconds and bytes for the target CDM-570L.

Set Remotes
Entering an R at the command prompt displays the STDMA Remotes Menu.

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Figure 1-15 CDM-570L STDMA remotes menu

The menu shown in figure 1-15 allows modifying a remotes parameters from the networks hub CDM-570L. Modifying a Remotes Name and IP Address Entering the item number for the remote modem/router brings up the dialog shown in figure 1-16. You are first prompted to enter the name you want to assign to the remote unit, then you are prompted to enter the remotes IP address.

Figure 1-16 Modifying a remotes name and IP

NOTE

Note: The prompt Updating Entry 0 is offset from the 1 Remote 01 by one. Modifying Base Entering a B at the command prompt in figure 1-15 allows entering the remote number to start displaying remotes in figure 1-15. Entering the number 1, as shown in figure 1-15, displays nine remotes, 1 through 9. If the number 4 had

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been entered, the display would show the nine remotes starting with remote 4 or remotes 4 through 12.

Figure 1-17 Modifying display base

If the number 4 had been entered, the display would show the nine remotes starting with remote 4 or remotes 4 through 12.def Remote Count The Remote Count menu item in figure 1-15 is an information only display showing the total number of remotes available on the network. Deleting a Remote Entering a D at the command prompt shown in figure 1-15 brings up the delete remote dialog shown in figure 1-18.

Figure 1-18 Deleting a remote

Enter the number of the number of the remote at the command prompt to delete the remote modem/router from the network. Enabling/Disabling a remote Enter an E at the command prompt in figure 1-15 to display the dialog shown in figure 1-19. The displays the remotes in the network indicating whether each remote is enabled or disabled.

Figure 1-19 Enabling or disabling a remote

Enter the number of the remote at the command prompt in figure 1-19 to toggle the remote from its current enable/disable configuration.

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Viewing a remote Entering a V at the command prompt shown in figure 1-15 will display the listing shown in figure 1-20.

Figure 1-20 Viewing a remote

The viewing display is for information only and pressing any key will return you to the menu shown in figure 1-15. Remove Remote Cycles Enter an R at the command prompt shown in figure 1-15 will display the dialog shown in figure 1-21. Note that the menu item shown in figure 1-15 shows the current number of cycles.

Figure 1-21 Remove remote cycles count

The value you enter at the command prompt in figure 1-21 determines the number of cycles with no connection before a remote is removed from the network. This would be used, for example, where a remote is mobile and has finished its assignment and has shut down. After the number of cycles entered in the dialog above, the remote is removed from the network and the bandwidth resources it had been using are available for other uses. Remove Remote Retry Cycles Entering a T at the command prompt in figure 1-15 will display the dialog shown in figure 1-22.

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Figure 1-22 Removed remote retry cycles

When a remote is removed from the satellite network, as described in the section Remove Remote Cycles above, entering a value in the dialog shown in figure 1-22 above determines the number of cycles which are allowed to pass before a retry is made to the removed remote. This allows, again using a mobile remote as an example, shutting down the remote at one location, moving it to a new location, and then automatically reestablishing a connection to the satellite network.

STDMA Statistics
Entering a V at the command prompt displays the STDMA Statistics as shown in figure 1-23. You can clear (reset) these statistics by entering a C at the command prompt.

Figure 1-23 CDM-570L STDMA statistics

Show Hub Statistics


Entering a W at the command prompt in figure 1-7 displays the current statistics for the target CDM-570L hub as shown in figure 1-24.

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Figure 1-24 CDM-570L hub statistics

The burst controller monitors statistics in the received ACK from each remote. The statistics report the fill status of the STDMA buffers. The burst controller builds a table of the group and calculates the relative buffer fill for each remote. It then calculates the length of the Data Slot for each remote based on the Minimum Slot Size + a percentage of the Available Bandwidth. Idle remotes would receive a Data Slot equal to the Minimum Slot Size. In the figure 1-24 the remote 1 with an IP address of 10.1.128.1 had activity during the averaging period. It captured 37.8% of the total slot time and had an average slot length of 283 ms. Remotes 2, 3, and 4 had 41.5%, 18.1% and 7.6% respectively. The dynamic range of STDMA is a function of the difference between the nominal Data Slot Size and the Minimum Data Slot Size parameters. These parameters are operator selectable. The speed with which STDMA reacts to changes in dynamic load is a function of the Statistics Accumulation Window parameter and the Cycles per New Burst Map parameter, both of which are also operator selectable.

STDMA Menu for a Remote Unit


Figure 1-25 shows the STDMA menu for a remote unit. Note that it is primarily for information only with only two active menu items.

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Figure 1-25 STDMA menu for a remote unit

Group ID This command is the same as described in the section Group ID on page 1-12 STDMA Statistics This command is the same as described in the section STDMA Statistics on page 1-18.

STDMA/SCPC Automatic Switching


The functions available for modification during switching operations depending on whether the target CDM-570L is a hub or if it is a remote unit. In order for the target CDM-570L to be automatically switched between SDTMA and SCPC modes, the auto switching feature of the target CDM-570L must be enabled as described in the section Feature Configuration menu on page 1-7.

Auto Switching a Hub CDM-570L


Selecting Automatic Switching from the menu shown in figure 1-6 for a CDM-570L operating as a hub in the network will display the menu shown in figure 1-26.

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Figure 1-26 Hub auto switching menu

The following sections describe the menu items of the STDMA/SCPC Auto Switching menu shown in figure 1-26. Auto Switching The Auto Switching item on the menu shown in figure 1-26 is information only and shows the current configuration of the target hub CDM-570L. The auto switching feature is enabled and disabled as described in section Feature Configuration menu on page 1-7. Current WAN Transmit Mode The Current WAN Transmit Mode item on the menu in figure 1-26 is information only and reflects the current status of the CDM-570L. The display will either read Continuous or Burst. If the CDM-570L is functioning as a hub in the network, this item will always read Continuous as shown in figure 1-26. If the CDM-570L is functioning as a remote in the network and STDMA is enabled on the target CDM-570L, this menu item will show STDMA (Burst) as shown in figure 1-30. Load Switching The Load Switching command on the menu in figure 1-26 is a toggle enabling and disabling load switching on the target hub CDM-570L. Entering an L at the command prompt then pressing the enter key will toggle the target CDM-570L between these two states. Refer to the VMS Users Guide for details on load switching.
NOTE

Note: Load switching must be enabled for each CDM-570L in a network which is going to perform load switching in order for VMS to
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dynamically optimizing network performance as load conditions change on these circuits. Application switching by VMS (Voice or Video) is not affected by this setting. STDMA Slot Capacity The STDMA Slot Capacity command, shown in figure 1-26, allows setting the threshold or level of slot-capacity at which the transmission switches from STDMA mode to SCPC mode.

Figure 1-27 CDM-570L STDMA slot capacity

Typically the default settings will be optimum, but there may be unique network configurations which require modifying the STDMA slot capacity value. The settings entered using this command determine the values which will trigger a switch from SDTMA to SCPC mode. STDMA Switch Delay In order not to switch from STDMA to SCPC due to a temporary spike in network traffic, you can use this screen, displayed when a W is entered at the command line in figure 1-26, to set a delay before a switch occurs.

Figure 1-28 CDM-570L STDMA switch delay menu

Typically the default values will be optimum, but you can change this value to accommodate a unique network configuration or application. Percent Allocation The Percent Allocation menu item, shown in figure 1-26, allows adding a fixed percentage to the channel bandwidth request to accommodate additional bandwidth requirements which may occur after a switch is made from STDMA to SCPC mode. Once the percentage bandwidth is added to the required bandwidth no additional changes in bandwidth can be made after a switch.
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Figure 1-29 CDM-570L STDMA percent allocation menu

Typically the default value will be optimum, but if you know that there may be a larger bandwidth requirement after the switch, you can increase the percent allocation value. In choosing a value for this allocation you will be balancing future bandwidth requirements for the channel against efficient bandwidth utilization.

Auto Switching a Remote CDM-570L


Selecting Automatic Switching from the menu shown in figure 1-6 for a CDM-570L operating as a remote in the network will display the menu shown in figure 1-30. Current WAN Transmit Mode The Current WAN Transmit Mode item on the menu in figure 1-30 is information only and reflects the current status of the CDM-570L. The display will either read Continuous or Burst. If the CDM-570L is functioning as a hub in the network, this item will always read Continuous. If the CDM-570L is functioning as a remote in the network and STDMA is enabled on the target CDM-570L, this menu item will show STDMA (Burst) as shown in figure 1-30.

Figure 1-30 Auto switching menu for a remote

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V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n m en u Tip: Use this menu item to determine whether or not a remote is operating in STDMA mode. If this menu item displays Burst, the CDM-570L is operating in STDMA mode.

Voice Switch Detection Entering an O at the command prompt toggles the Voice Switch Detection command for the CDM-570L between Enabled and Disabled. When the voice switch capability in the CDM-570L is enabled, whenever a voice data stream is detected the CDM-570L will request the VMS to switch from STDMA to SCPC mode. Video Switch Detection Entering an I at the command prompt toggles the Video Switch Detection command for the CDM-570L between Enabled and Disabled. When the video switch capability in the CDM-570L is enabled, whenever a video data stream is detected the CDM-570L will request the VMS to switch from STDMA to SCPC mode. Note: Application switching (video and voice) must be enabled for each CDM-570L in a network which is going to perform application switching in order for VMS to dynamically optimizing network circuit parameters to accommodate these applications. Load switching by VMS is not affected by this setting. ToS Switch Detection Entering a B at the command prompt toggles the TOS Switch Detection command for the CDM-570L between Disabled and Enabled. Applying a ToS value to an application (VoIP, IPVC, or priority data) through either preservation or classification packet stamping, allows the Vipersat switching system to function in an encrypted network. Normally in a non-encrypted Vipersat network packets are classified by the remote CDM-570L using protocol classification detection and the results are forwarded to VMS via Automatic Switch Request (ASR) messages. The VMS switch detector service then applies the required or requested bandwidth using policies which have been pre-configured in the VMS. For example in a non-encrypted network if a voice application service connection is started, the CDM-570Ls classifier analyzes signaling and data protocols (H.323, SIP, & Data RTP) being routed through the CDM-570L. After connection detection, the process waits for data (RTP). Data is normally sent after the receiving party answers, which then triggers the system to process an ASR. Using the ToS classification, detection function allow application-based-switching in encrypted networks where the signaling protocals are encrypted or effectively hidden.
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Note: Load switching by VMS is not affected by enabling ToS detection.


NOTE

Load Switching The Load Switching command on the menu in figure 1-26 is a toggle between enabling and disabling load switching on the target CDM-570L. Entering an L at the command prompt then pressing the enter key will toggle the target CDM-570L between these two states. Refer to the VMS Users Guide for details on load switching. Note: Load switching must be enabled for each CDM-570L in a network which is going to perform load switching in order for VMS to dynamically optimizing network performance as load conditions change on these circuits. Application switching by VMS (Voice or Video) is not affected by this setting. SCPC Step Up Threshold Enter the value as a percentage of the slot capacity that a switch from STDMA mode to SCPC mode. SCPC Step Down Threshold Enter the value, as a percentage of channel capacity, that the circuit will switch from SCPC mode to STDMA mode SCPC Step Delay Enter a time delay, in seconds, before the circuit is switched from SCPC mode to STDMA mode. This is to ensure that a premature switch does not occur during a temporary drop in traffic. SCPC Step Up Excess During each application switch from STDMA to SCPC the excess capacity data rate value entered by this command is added to the application data rate. If the application data rate increases, the excess is not added again. The excess is only added once during the first mode access switch. ToS Switching Control When ToS switching is enabled on a CDM-570L, you will need to set the parameters for ToS switching by entering a P on the menu shown in figure 1-30. The TOS Switching Control screen shown in figure 1-31 is displayed allowing entry of parameters for the desired ToS service you want applied.
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Figure 1-31 ToS switching control

The TOS Switching Control screen shown in figure 1-31 is displayed allowing entry of values for the desired ToS service you want applied. After determining what ToS value to use, either application or router classifier, select a ToS entry from the list for configuration or edit. The menu will prompt for inputs to the list of range-checked values. ToS Value Refer to the sample dialog shown in figure 1-32 while entering new or modified ToS values for the encrypted service you want to be automatically switched.

Figure 1-32 ToS Entry 1

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Following the prompts shown in figure 1-32 to enter appropriate ToS values for the target CDM-570L. Enter Name for TOS ID [ ] - At the prompt, enter a user-defined text label for circuit identification. Enter the TOS ID - Enter and decimal value in the range of 1 to 63. Entering a value of 0 will result in no switch. Enter the Switch Type - Enter either a 1 for voice or a 2 for video at the prompt to inform VMS which switching policy to use. Enter the TOS SCPC Data Rate - Setting a data rate will override the VMS set policy value. Valid entries are from 0 to 3750 Kbps. Enter the TOS SCPC Timeout - This timer monitors the defined packet flow. Once data stops for the duration of the timer setting, the link state will be to the home state condition. Valid entries are from 1 to 60 seconds. After pressing the enter key after entering the timeout value the TOS Switching Control screen, will be updated with the changes you have made as shown in figure 1-33.

Figure 1-33 New ToS entry values added

NOTE

Note: You will have to enter an S at the prompt to permanently save any parameters you have entered in the session above. The entered values will persist until the CDM-570L is reset.

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Delete Entering a D at the command prompt will bring up the dialog shown in figure 1-34

Figure 1-34 ToS delete

NOTE

Note: The value shown in the TOS Value column is the TOS ID associated with the ToS entry to be deleted. View Entering a V at the command prompt will display the Internal TOS Table for active entries as shown in figure 1-35.

Figure 1-35 ToS View

Unit Role [Hub]


The menu shown in figure 1-36 allows selecting whether the target CDM-570L is to function as a remote or as a hub in the network.

Figure 1-36 CDM-570L unit role menu

The information entered in this menu will determine the role the target CDM-570L will perform in the network and what type of commands and functions it will receive from VMS.

Expansion Unit
The Expansion Unit menu shown in figure 1-37 lets you define whether the target CDM-570L is to function as an expansion unit or not.
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Figure 1-37 Expansion unit menu

VMS uses this data when monitoring and controlling the network to determine the target CDM-570Ls function.

Network ID
The network ID assigned in the Network ID command define what network the target CDM-570L will be a member. All units used in a network will have the same network ID.

Figure 1-38 Network ID number menu

The network ID is used by VMS to identify CDM-570Ls within a network and allows VMS to manage multiple networks, each with its own unique network ID number.

Unit Name
The dialog shown in figure 1-39 is used to assign a unit name to the target CDM-570L. You can enter any name, up to 16 characters, for the unit.

Figure 1-39 CDM-570L unit name menu

This name is displayed by VMS and identifies the unit in the graphic network display.

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Transmit Multicast Address


Multicast in a Vipersat network is bidirectional with outgoing and incoming multicasts addressed to different IP addresses.

Figure 1-40 CDM-570L transmit multicast IP address

The transmit multicast address will be the receive multicast IP address assigned to VMS and will be used by all CDM-570L units in the network to communicate with VMS.

Receive Multicast Address


The receive multicast address will be the transmit multitcast IP address assigned to VMS and will be used by all CDM-570L units in the network to receive commands from VMS.

Figure 1-41 CDM-570L receive multicast IP address

Switch commands are also sent by VMS using this IP address. The remote can be switched to SCPC and receive commands from VMS to modify its current switch state to accommodate additional load or applications.

Managing IP Address
The command line shown in figure 1-42 allows entering the IP address for the server running VMS.

Figure 1-42 Managing IP address menu

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This is the address which the target CDM-570L uses when it sends a unicast to the VMS managing the network it is in.

Path Loss Data Multicast


This command allows toggling between enabling and disabling PLDM (Path Loss Data Multicast) by the target CDM-570L.

Dynamic Power Control


Enabling dynamic power control using the command shown in figure 1-6 enables this function on this CDM-570L. Dynamic Power Control provides a mechanism whereby VIPERSAT satellite links can have their transmit power levels adjusted in order to optimize the receive signal quality (as measured by the demodulator Eb/No). This optimization process can both increase or decrease transmitted signal levels in order to: Achieve a minimum level of received Eb/No consistent with providing an error free link. Reduce transmit powers where sufficient link margin exists in order to optimize station uplink and satellite transponder power usage. DPC can be selectively enabled and disabled on a link-by-link basis and works on both point-to-point as well as point-to-multipoint links. DPC relies on the passing of an IP message called Path Loss Data Multicast (PLDM) between the receive site (where the receive quality is being measured) and the transmit site where the power level is to be adjusted. PLDM's are IP multicast messages (i.e. potentially they may be received by all network nodes), however only the transmit site whose frequency and Network ID number matches that contained in the PLDM message will act on the message. The CDM-570L has an algorithm that can, if activated by the VMS, automatically adjust its modulator transmit power to maintain a constant nominal receive signal quality (Eb/No) at the corresponding receive station(s). This provides a mechanism to compensate for varying signal levels caused by the use of different size antennas in a mesh network or if Ku band is being used as a means to compensate for rain fade conditions. The power control algorithm is a closed loop servomechanism with the received Eb/No values as the input function and the modulators transmit power as the output function. Only modulator transmit power is controlled by the algorithm since the receive chain has its own automatic gain control. DPC can be applied to any or all of the modems with the exception of the STDMA burst control demodulators. Since the STDMA burst demodulators are SCPC fast acquisitions receivers they cannot provide stable signal quality measurements (Eb/No). This value is critical in closing the power loop control mechanism.
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NOTE

Note: STDMA is not susceptible to bursts at different power levels since it is a standard SCPC demodulator as long as the input C/N burst power ranges comply with the performance specifications of the modem. An example is an operation using meshed video carriers. DPC is a modulator parameter. DPC cannot be enabled in remotes operating in STDMA mode. DPC is automatically turned on when the remote switches to SCPC mode. Operation of the DPC algorithm is controlled by the parameters shown in figure 1-43. The start point for all enabled modulators is the default power level. Depending on whether the transmit power is high or low, the modulator transmit output level is adjusted in steps (step size set by parameters max step up/down power) until the Eb/No is within 1dB of the target value. At this point the step size is reduced (step size set by min step up/down power) and the process continued until the value of Eb/No is within the range set by the target range for no power adjustment. If the received Eb/No should, for any reason, fall below a minimum value set by the speed up Eb/No parameter then the PLDM messages will be transmitted at a faster rate until the nominal level is restored.

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Figure 1-43 Dynamic Power Control parameters.

The net result of the DPC algorithm is that the transmit power of all video carriers is adjusted such that the receiving modems see a constant Eb/No value. This optimizes receive signal quality and use of system resources since it can lead to a reduction in power amplifier intermodulation and also a conserving of satellite transmit power.

Dynamic Power Control Configuration menu


The Dynamic Power Control Configuration menu shown in figure 1-44 allows setting the parameters for the

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Figure 1-44 Dynamic power control configuration menu

The CDM-570L is normally shipped with the modulator's DPC Enabled menu item turned off to allow entrance link levels calibration during terminal setup. Note: The following discussions will refer to the CDM-570L as modulator and demodulator for simplicity and understanding. Before turning power control on the operator should verify that a demodulator at another terminal is receiving from this modulator and that there is a working communications channel from that receiving station back to the modulator terminal (inband communications). Additionally since DPC controls potentially the full power range of the modulators output power, it is recommended that the terminal be commissioned and calibrated before usage.

NOTE

DPC Enabled
The DPC Enable menu items is a toggle and allows the dynamic power control feature to be either enabled or disabled.

Default Power
Entering a P at the command prompt in figure 1-44 displays the Default Power dialog shown in figure 1-45.

Figure 1-45 DPC default power level command


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Entering a Default Power Level at the prompt in figure 1-45 sets the nominal power level for the CDM-570L.

Calibrated Data Rate


Entering a C at the command prompt in figure 1-44 displays the Calibrated Data Rate dialog shown in figure 1-46.

Figure 1-46 Calibrated data rate menu

Entering the Calibrated Data Rate at the command prompt defines the data rate for the default power level you entered in section Default Power above.

Max Power
Commissioning a terminal is following the calculated link budget defined previously before terminal installation. Using these calculations the maximum limit for modulator(s) output power can be configured. This is the value set by the Max Power command shown in figure 1-47.

Figure 1-47 Maximum power menu

If more than one modulator is used at this location, that must also be taken into consideration and applied to this value set point. The value entered in the dialog shown in figure 1-47 sets the maximum power level allowed by all SCPC modulators. The CDM-570Ls Dynamic Power Control (DPC) algorithm is designed to automatically adjust the transmit power of a modulator in order to maintain a constant nominal receive signal quality (Eb/No) at the station receiving from the corresponding modulator. This provides a mechanism to compensate from different sized antennas or in KU Band transmitting station, rain fade automatic level control. The power control algorithm is a closed loop servo mechanism with received Eb/No values as the input function and the modulators transmit power as the output function. Only modulator transmit power is controlled by the algorithm, because the radio has it own automatic gain control. DPC can be selectively set between all modems.
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Min Power
The minimum power level parameter, shown in figure 1-48, can normally be set to a default power value of -25.0 dBm. There is normally no problem in allowing the modulator(s) to back off decreasing power levels to better quality link conditions.

Figure 1-48 Minimum power menu

The value set the minimum power level is the minimum level allowed by all SCPC modulators. The CDM-570Ls Dynamic Power Control (DPC) algorithm is designed to automatically adjust the transmit power of an modulator in order to maintain a constant nominal receive signal quality (Eb/No) at the station receiving from the corresponding modulator. This provides a mechanism to compensate from different sized antennas or in KU Band transmitting station, rain fade automatic level control. The power control algorithm is a closed loop servo mechanism with received Eb/No values as the input function and the modulators transmit power as the output function. Only modulator transmit power is controlled by the algorithm, because the radio has it own automatic gain control. DPC can be selectively set for all modems.

Max Step Down Power


The maximum step down power value show in figure 1-49, sets the maximum step down power when the DPC is adjusting the power to achieve the target set point and defines how large the steps are in dBs. The CDM-570Ls Dynamic Power Control (DPC) algorithm is designed to automatically adjust the transmit power of an modulator in order to maintain a constant nominal receive signal quality (Eb/No) at the station receiving from the corresponding modulator. This provides a mechanism to compensate for different antenna sizes or, in KU Band transmitting station, rain fade automatic level control.

Figure 1-49 Max step down power

The power control algorithm is a closed loop servo mechanism with received Eb/No values as the input function and the modulators transmit power as the
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output function. Only modulator transmit power is controlled by the algorithm, because the radio has it own automatic gain control. DPC can be selectively set for all modems.

Max Step Up Power


The maximum step up power value, shown in figure 1-50sets the maximum step up power when the DPC is adjusting the power to achieve the target set point and how large the steps are in dBs. The SDMS Dynamic Power Control (DPC) algorithm is designed to automatically adjust the transmit power of an modulator in order to maintain a constant nominal receive signal quality (Eb/No) at the station receiving from the corresponding modulator. This provides a mechanism to compensate from different sized antennas or in KU Band transmitting station, rain fade automatic level control. The power control algorithm is a closed loop servo mechanism with received Eb/No values as the input function and the modulators transmit power as the output function. Only modulator transmit power is controlled by the algorithm, because the radio has it own automatic gain control. DPC can be selectively set for all modems.

Figure 1-50 Maximum step up power menu

Target EbNo
Enter the desired operating receive level as shown in figure 1-51 for closed loop servo control. This is the value used by the receiving CDM-570Ls modulator to control its output power level.

Figure 1-51 Target EbNo menu

Target Range
The Target Range for no power adjustment for the target CDM-570L is entered as shown in figure 1-52.

C h ap t e r 1 - C o n f i g u r i n g t h e C DM - 5 7 0 L

1-37

V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n m en u

Figure 1-52 Target range menu

The default value for this parameter is 0.2 dB. When the target value is within the value entered in the dialog shown in figure 1-52, the modulator will stop adjusting its power output.

Speed Up EbNo
Normally the PLDM (Path Loss Data Management) is sent every 60 seconds from each terminal in the network. If the target Eb/No value drops below this set value, the corresponding terminal increases its PLDM send rate to every 15 seconds until the target value is greater than the speedup Eb/No value entered in the dialog shown in figure 1-53. This provides a loop speedup to rapidly regain link quality.

Figure 1-53 Speed up EbNo value menu

Set Home State Parameters


A CDM-570Ls home state are those parameters which the CDM-570L will return to when it is power cycled or reset. This parameters you enter using the menu shown in figure 1-54 define the settings the target CDM-570L will go to when it goes to its home state either as the result of a command by VMS or as it comes back on line from a reset or a power cycle.

1-38

S a t e l l i te N e t w o r k I n s ta l l a t i o n a n d C o n f i g u r a t i o n

V ip e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t i o n m e n u

Figure 1-54 Home state configuration parameters menu

A CDM-570Ls home state settings are typically selected so that it goes to a configuration which is optimum for it function in its network.

Set Current Configuration as Home State


This command saves the CDM-570Ls current configuration as its home state settings.
Tip: This command is useful when you have a CDM-570L setup and functioning in a network. Then, If for any reason, you want to return the unit to its original configuration you can do so with the Force Modem to Home State command below, by resetting the CDM-570L, or by powercycling the CDM-570L.

Force Modem to Home State


If at any time you want to have a CDM-570L return to its home state, you can do so using the command shown in figure 1-55

Figure 1-55 Force CDM-570L to home state warning

This command will force the CDM-570L to its home state configuration replacing its current configuration.

STDMA State
This command toggles the setting of STDMA in the target CDM-570Ls home state between enabled and disabled.
C h ap t e r 1 - C o n f i g u r i n g t h e C DM - 5 7 0 L
1-39

V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n m en u

Transmit Frequency
Using the dialog shown in figure 1-56 you can set the Transmit Frequency for the target CDM-570Ls home state.

Figure 1-56 CDM-570L transmit frequency

Transmit Data Rate


Using the dialog shown in figure 1-57 you can set the Transmit Data Rate for the target CDM-570Ls home state.

Figure 1-57 CDM-570L transmit data rate

Transmit Coding Rate


Using the dialog shown in figure 1-58 you can set the Transmit Coding Rate for the target CDM-570Ls home state.

Figure 1-58 CDM-570L transmit coding rate

Transmit Modulation Type


Using the dialog shown in figure 1-59 you can set the Transmit Modulation Type for the target CDM-570Ls home state.

1-40

S a t e l l i te N e t w o r k I n s ta l l a t i o n a n d C o n f i g u r a t i o n

V ip e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t i o n m e n u

Figure 1-59 CDM-570L transmit modulation type

Transmit Power Level


Using the dialog shown in figure 1-60 you can set the Transmit Power Level for the target CDM-570Ls home state.

Figure 1-60 CDM-570L transmit power level

Transmit Enable
Using the dialog command you can toggle the Transmit Enable for the target CDM-570Ls home state between on and off.

Receive Frequency
Using the dialog shown in figure 1-61 you can set the Receive Frequency for the target CDM-570Ls home state.

Figure 1-61 CDM-570L receive frequency

Receive Data Rate


Using the dialog shown in figure 1-62 you can set the Receive Data Rate for the target CDM-570Ls home state.

C h ap t e r 1 - C o n f i g u r i n g t h e C DM - 5 7 0 L

1-41

V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n m en u

Figure 1-62 CDM-570L receive data rate

Receive Coding Rate


Using the dialog shown in figure 1-63 you can set the Receive Coding Rate for the target CDM-570Ls home state.

Figure 1-63 CDM-570L receive coding rate menu

Receive Modulation Type


Using the dialog shown in figure 1-64 you can set the Receive Modulation Type for the target CDM-570Ls home state.

Figure 1-64 CDM-570L receive modulation type menu

Select either BPSK or QPSK by entering the number at the command prompt.

1-42

S a t e l l i te N e t w o r k I n s ta l l a t i o n a n d C o n f i g u r a t i o n

APPENDIX

BINARY MATH & NETWORK ADDRESSING


This Appendix is an introduction to binary math and how it applies to network addressing as used in Vipersat Networks. The subjects covered are: Subnetting Default Gateways MAC Addresses Basic Network Devices Introduction to routing (Layer 3 communications) Data Transmission Methods Network Address Translation OSI Model

Appendix A - Binary Math & Network Addressing

A-1

The OSI Reference Model

The OSI Reference Model


OSI is an acronym for Open Systems Interconnection. This is a standard created by ISO (the International Standardization Organization.) This ISO standard is by all networking protocols and is the basic standard which is the basis for all networking protocols.

Figure A-1 The seven OSI protocol layers

The OSI protocol defines the building blocks used to construct a working network protocol as shown in Figure A-1. The blocks on the right in Figure A-1 show the individual layers which make up the OSI protocol and the block on the left in Figure A-1 show the layers functional grouping. Each layer, as defined by the OSI protocol, is only aware of the layers directly above and below it.

Layers 1 - 3
Layer 1 - Layer 1, the physical layer, defines the physical means by which actual bits are sent and received. This layer, for example, is where connectors, cable lengths, and signaling specifications are defined. Layer 2/Data Link - Layer 2 consist of two sub-layers: Logical Link Control (LLC) - The LLC (Logical Link Control) packages bytes received from the MAC into a format readable by the Network Layer above it Media Access Control (MAC) - The MAC (Media Access Control) is concerned with obtaining access to the network at an appropriate time i.e. when no other machines are communicating or when permission has been granted.
A-2

VMS USERS GUIDE

The OSI Reference Model

Together these sub-layer protocols are responsible for moving packets on and off the network. Layer 3/Network Layer - Layer 3, the network layer, is responsible for routing packets through multiple networks. The Layer 3 protocol operates without regard to the underlying protocols in use. For example, routers operate at layer 3. Network devices communicate using BITS where a bit is a single digit represented by a 1 or a 0 or by using BYTEs where a byte is made up eight bits in any combination of 1s or 0s. A byte is also called an octet.

Figure A-2 Bits and bytes

An octet can be converted to or from binary using the technique show in the decimal conversion chart in Figure A-3. The conversion chart also shows the decimal equivalent of the binary number.

Figure A-3 Binary to decimal conversion

Bits containing a 1 in Figure A-3 determine which decimal values should be added. These decimal values, when added together, determine the decimal equivalent for the binary number.
Appendix A - Binary Math & Network Addressing
A-3

The OSI Reference Model

What you are doing here is changing a number expressed in binary (base 2) to its decimal equivalent (base 10). The numeric value is the same, you have only changed the numbering base (radix.) All digital processes are done in binary. The conversion to decimal is done whenever binary values need to be read or entered by humans as their decimal equivalents.

IP Address
An IP address, is a unique set of numbers assigned to a device on a network to uniquely identify that device (by its IP address) on the network. An IP address is a unique number composed of four octets with each octet separated by a dot. This notation style is called dotted decimal notation. Each IP address can be broken down into two parts. In the IP address:
128.121.188.201 128.121 = The first two octets are the network ID 188.201 = The second two octets are the host ID

Network ID - In the IP address above, the 128.121 portion of the IP address defines the network that a host belongs to and acts like a street name in a mailing address. Host ID - In the IP address above, the 188.201 portion of the IP address specifies a unique number assigned to the host on the network and acts much like a house number in a mailing address.

IP Address Classes
IP addresses are assigned to classes according the schedule shown in Figure A-4. IP address classes are assigned as follows: Class A Can have 16,777,214 host 8-bit network number 24-bit node number 1.x.x.x to 126.x.x.x Class B Can have 65,354 host 16-bit network number 16-bit node number
A-4

VMS USERS GUIDE

The OSI Reference Model

128.1.x.x to 191.254.x.x

Figure A-4 IP address classes

Class C Can have 254 host 24-bit network number 8-bit node number 192.0.1.x to 223.255.254.x Class D Used for multicast (messages sent to many host). 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 Class E Reserved for experimental use

Private network IP addresses


RFC 1918 defines blocks of addresses for use on private networks. 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255

Appendix A - Binary Math & Network Addressing

A-5

The OSI Reference Model

Private networks can only connect to the public Internet by using a Network Address Translation (NAT) device (a router, for example) or a proxy server which has been assigned a public IP address. These network devices use a public IP address to request information from the Internet on behalf of the private IP addressed devices on the associated private network. This use of private addresses helps to conserve public IP addresses.

Subnet Mask
The subnet mask is used by the host to determine if a destination IP address is on the local or on a remote network segment. The table in Figure A-5 shows the default subnet mask used for each class of IP address.

Figure A-5 Default subnet masks for each IP class

The IP address and subnet mask work with each other to define an equipment. The subnet mask, like and IP address, contains 4 octets separated by a dot (.)and looks similar to an IP address The subnet mask determines what bits in the IP address are being used to determine the network ID using the Boolean math operator and in a process called ANDing. ANDing compares each bit value in the IP address with the bit value in the subnet mask. The result of the ANDing process determines which subnet the IP address is on. The Boolean and operator works as follows: 0 and 0 = 0 1 and 0 = 0 1 and 1 = 1
A-6

VMS USERS GUIDE

The OSI Reference Model

The table shown in Figure A-6 shows the ANDing of two binary values and the corresponding decimal equivalents for each of the values.

Figure A-6 ANDing an IP address and a subnet mask

A calculator, available from SolarWinds, performs these IP and subnet mask calculations and can be found at: http://support.solarwinds.net/updates/SelectProgramFree.cfm

Subnets
Subnets can be defined as the further segmentation of the InterNIC assigned Network ID IP address. The amount and type of subnetting performed by the organization is determined by the network layout. In the process of subnetting, bits are borrowed from the host ID portion of an IP address and are then given to the network ID. Then a Subnet Mask gets assigned to the host along with the IP address. Subnetting is required if the network is segmented

Network Segments
A Network Segment is a portion of a network that is bordered by two router interfaces as shown in Figure A-7. Each network segment must be on either a different network or a different subnet. For example, if you have a single IP address available, you can change the default mask from 255.255.255.0 to 255.255.255.192. The resulting calculation yields four subnets: 192.168.100.0 192.168.100.64 192.168.100.128 192.168.100.192 Each of the four subnets can, in turn, support 64 members.

Appendix A - Binary Math & Network Addressing

A-7

The OSI Reference Model

Figure A-7 Network segments separated by router

The example subnet used above yielded 4 subnets, but you can use a different mask to meet the specific requirements of your network.

A-8

VMS USERS GUIDE

APPENDIX

GLOSSARY
A
ACK A proprietary message that allows the remote to provide its identity and usage statistics to the hub. If the hub does not receive this message for a specified number of spins, the remote may be removed from the spin cycle. Automatic Limit Control is a closed loop mechanism controlling the gain

ALC APL ARP ATM

stabilization of the HPAs RF output power.


Asynchronous Party Line A VIPERSAT term for RS-485 multi-drop bus used for control of indoor equipment. See also SPL. Address Resolution Protocol A protocol for a LAN device to determine the MAC address of a locally connected device given its IP address. See also MAC. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

B
BER Bit Error Rate (sometimes Ratio) A measure of the number of data bits received incorrectly compared to the total number of bits transmitted.

Appendix B - Glossary

B-1

blueprint

A proprietary message sent from the hub to all remotes, at regular intervals, specifying the start time and duration for each terminal to transmit. (In some TDMA systems, the Blueprint is also referred to as the Slot Map.) Bits Per Second A measure of transmission speed. See also Kb/s and Mb/s Binary Phase Shift Keying A modulation technique in which the carrier is phase shifted +/- 180 degrees. See also QPSK

Bps BPSK

C
C-Band A frequency band commonly used for satellite communications (and sometimes terrestrial microwave). For terrestrial earth stations the receive frequency band is 3.7-4.2GHz and transmit 5.925-6.425GHz. See also Ku-band. Cascaded Outbound Bridged Routing Addresses A technique used at the hub of a Vipersat system for exchanging routing tables between SDMSs. Cyclic Redundancy Check A method of applying a checksum to a block of data to determine if any errors occurred during transmission over communications links. Carrier A radio frequency transmission bearer linking points and over which information may be carried. The number of spins before the blueprint is re-calculated and transmitted. The system currently limits the number of spins per cycle to the range 2 to 20.

COBRA CRC

CXR cycle

D
DAMA Data Slot dBm DVB DNA Demand Assigned Multiple Access A process whereby communications links are only activated when there is an actual demand. The amount of time allocated to a remote for continuous data transmission. The ACK is part of the Data Slot but the Preamble is not. Decibel referenced to 1 milliwatt. An acronym for Digital Video Broadcast Dynamic Node Announcement In VIPERSAT satellite networks a process whereby remote sites periodically announce their presence to facilitate network setup and monitoring. Disk Operating System A computer operating system.
V l o a d U t i l i ty U s e r s G u id e

DOS
B-2

DPC DRAM DSP DVP

Dynamic Power Control. Dynamic Random Access Memory Digital Signal Processor A microprocessor chip optimized for signal processing applications. Digital Voice Processor The VIPERSAT voice card used in packet voice applications.

E
Eb/No Eb/No Ratio Eb = energy per bit No = noise power density per Hz. The bit error rate (BER) for digital data is a decreasing function of this ratio. Eb is the energy of an information bit. Eb is measured in Joules, or equivalently in Watts per Hertz. Electrical Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. This equipment component is used to record and store data that needs to be retained when the equipment is powered down. Ear & Mouth (literally) The signaling leads used to carry telephone circuit signaling or indicate circuit activity or status.

EEPROM

E&M

F
FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access A technique where multiple users can access a common resource (e.g. satellite) by each being allocated a distinct frequency for operation. See also TDMA. Forward Error Correction A process whereby data being transmitted over a communications link can have error correction bits added which may be used at the receiving end to determine/correct any transmission errors which may occur. First In First Out A simple buffer or queue technique whereby data queued the longest is transmitted first. File Transfer Protocol An application for transferring computer files over the Internet. See also TFTP. Foreign eXchange Office a 2 wire telephone interface that looks like a line originating from a telephone exchange. See also FXS.
B-3

FEC

FIFO FTP FXO

Appendix B - Glossary

FXS

Foreign eXchange Subscriber a 2 wire telephone interface that looks like a line coming from a telephone instrument. See also FXO.

G
Guard Band This is a period of time during which no terminal is supposed to transmit. This time is used to compensate for uncertainties in clock synchronization. ITU standard for LD-CELP (Low Delay Code Excited Linear Prediction) voice encoding at 8kb/s. Graphical User Interface A form of graphical shell or user interface to a computer operating system.

G.729 GUI

H
HDLC HPA High level Data Link Control A standard defining how data may be transmitted down a synchronous serial link. High Power Amplifier The amplifier used in satellite communications to raise the transmit signal to the correct power level prior to transmission to satellite. See also SSPA. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol The Internet standard for World Wide Web (WWW) operation. The central site of a network which links to a number of satellite earth sites.

HTTP hub

I
ICMP IGMP installation wizard
B-4

Internet Control Message Protocol. Internet Group Management Protocol A program which guides the user through the process of installing an application.
V l o a d U t i l i ty U s e r s G u id e

IF IP ISP ITU

Intermediate Frequency In satellite systems IF frequencies are usually centered around 70,140 or 1200MHz (L-band). Internet Protocol A format for data packets used on networks accessing the Internet. Internet Service Provider A company providing Internet access. International Telecommunications Union.

K
Kb/s Ku-Band Kilo Bits per Second - 1000 bits/second. A measure of transmission speed. See also bps & Mb/s. A frequency band used for satellite communications. For terrestrial earth stations the receive frequency band is in the range 10.95 12.75GHz and transmit 14.0 14.5GHz. See also C-band.

L
L-Band LAN LNA LNB LNC A frequency band commonly used as an IF for satellite systems using block up/ down conversion. Usually 950-1450MHz. Local Area Network. Low Noise Amplifier - An amplifier with very low noise temperature used as the first amplifier in the receive chain of a satellite system. Low Noise Block. Similar to LNA. Low Noise Converter - A combined low noise amplifier and block down converter, usually with an L-band (typically 950-1450MHz) IF.

M
M&C MAC Monitor & Control. Media Access Control - A protocol controlling access to the physical layer of an Ethernet network.
B-5

Appendix B - Glossary

Mb/s Modem multicast MTU

Mega Bits per Second - 1 Million bits/second. A measure of transmission speed. See also bps & kb/s. MODulator and DEModulator units combined. Transmitting a single message simultaneously to all. An acronym for Maximum Transmission Unit or packet size.

N
NOC Network Operation Center (NOC) has access to any earth station installed using the VIPERSAT Management System (VMS). An NOC can remotely interrogate, control, and log network activities.

O
ODU Outdoor Unit In a VSAT system the RF components (transceiver) are usually installed outdoors on the antenna structure itself and are thus referred to as an ODU. Open Shortest Path First - A common routing algorithm.

OSPF

P
PLDM

Path Loss Data Multicast message is sent every sixty seconds and contains information on the current state of the sending unit. This information is used by VMS, UMT, and Vload to display real-time network information.
Post Office Protocol 3 - A protocol for exchanging e-mail messages between host computers. See also SMTP. Port Multiplexing - Each port of the SDMS is individually configured from the NMS port (hub) to port (remote) multiplexing.

POP3 PMUX

B-6

V l o a d U t i l i ty U s e r s G u id e

Q
QPSK Quaternary Phase Shift Keying A modulation technique in which the carrier is phase shifted +/- 90 or +/-180 degrees. See also BPSK

R
RF RFC RIP RS-232 RS-485 RTP Rx Radio Frequency A generic term for signals at frequencies above those used for baseband or IF. Request For Comment The de-facto Internet standards issued by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Routing Information Protocol A common electrical/physical standard issued by the IEEE used for point to point serial communications up to approximately 115kb/s. A common electrical/physical standard issued by the IEEE used for multi-drop serial communications. Real Time Protocol Receive.

S
SCPC SDMS SMTP SNMP Single Channel Per Carrier A satellite communications technique where an individual carrier is transmitted to a single destination. Star Data Management System VIPERSAT equipment forming the heart of the VIPERSAT system. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - A protocol for exchanging e-mail messages between host computers. See also POP3. Simple Network Management Protocol A protocol defining how devices from different vendors may be managed using a common network management system.

Appendix B - Glossary

B-7

Spin

The period of time during which all remotes have one opportunity to transmit. The spin time is equal to the number of remotes in the blueprint times the sum of: Guard Band + Preamble + Data Slot. An acronym for Single Channel Per Carrier. Solid State Power Amplifier A high power amplifier used in satellite communications using semiconductor rather than vacuum tube devices. See also HPA. A network topology which, if drawn as a logical representation, resembles a star with a hub at the center. An acronym for Selective Time Division Multiple Access

SPCP SSPA star topology STDMA

T
TCP/IP TDMA Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol A standard for networking over unreliable transmission paths. See also UDP. Time Division Multiple Access A multiple access technique where users contend for access to a common channel on a time-shared basis. See also FDMA and STDMA. This is an acronym for Selective Time Division Multiple Access - A multiple access technique where users time-shared access to a common channel with selective sized time slots allocated on usage. Trivial File Transfer Protocol A simple file transfer protocol used over reliable transmission paths. See also FTP. TransParent Interface - As a message arrives at its destination, the SDMS-II decodes the token and forwards the data to a port known as TPI Transmit.

STDMA

TFTP TPI Tx

U
UDP UDP multicast User Datagram Protocol A standard for networking over reliable transmission paths. A multicast transmission using the UDP protocol.

B-8

V l o a d U t i l i ty U s e r s G u id e

V
VMS VoIP VOS Acronym for VIPERSAT Management System II Acronym for Voice over IP Acronym for Vipersat Object Service

W
Wizard A specialized program which performs a specific function, such as installing an application.

Appendix B - Glossary

B-9

B-10

V l o a d U t i l i ty U s e r s G u id e

CHAPTER 0

INDEX

A
ALC rain fade, 1-37 application sswitching, 1-25 automatic level control, 1-37

M
maximum step up power level Eb/No, 1-37

R
rain fade, 1-37 remote setting, 1-28

B
burst WAN transmit mode, 1-21, 1-23

S
SCPC modulator Eb/No, 1-36 SDMS DPC, 1-36, 1-37 STDMA determine if operating on a unit, 1-24 switch to SCPC, 1-22 switching application, 1-25 load, 1-25

C
continuous transmit mode, 1-21, 1-23

D
DPC, 1-35 maximum step down power level, 1-36

E
Eb/No, 1-38 closed loop servo mechanism, 1-36 definition, B-3 maximum power level, 1-35 maximum step down power level, 1-36 maximum step up power leve, 1-37 minimum power leve, 1-36 SCPC modulator, 1-36

W
WAN transmit mode, 1-21, 1-23

H
hub setting, 1-28

I
ID network, 1-29

L
load switching, 1-25

Index-1

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