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Tanguturi Prakasam
Andhra Kesari
Tanguturi Prakasam
Portrait of Tanguturi Prakasam, by S.N. Chamkur, located in Rajya Sabha Chief Minister of Andhra state In office October 1, 1953 November 15, 1954 Succeeded by Bezawada Gopala Reddy Chief Minister of Madras Presidency In office April 30, 1946 March 23, 1947 Governor Henry Foley Knight, Archibald Edward Nye Governor's rule O. P. Ramaswamy Reddiyar Personal details Born August 23, 1872 Vinoda Rayudu Palem, Andhra Pradesh May 20, 1957 (aged84) Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh Indian Indian National Congress, Swatantra Party Lawyer, Writer, Statesman lawyer Hindu
Preceded by Succeeded by
Died
Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu (Telugu: b. 23 August 1872 d. 20 May 1957) was an Indian politician and Freedom Fighter and the first Chief Minister of the Indian province Andhra state. He was also known as Andhra Kesari (literally, the Lion of Andhra).
Early life
He was born to Subbamma and Venkata Narasimham, in a Telugu Brahmin family in a village called Vinodarayuni Palem (or Vinoda Rayudu Palem) 26km from Ongole in prakasam dist Andhra Pradesh. When he was 11, his father died and his mother had to run a boarding house at Ongole, a profession that was looked down upon at the time. When E. Hanumantha Rao Naidu, his teacher at school, shifted to Rajahmundry, he took Prakasam along with him as that place had better opportunities for education. He enacted in Gayopakhyanam of Chilakamarthi Lakshmi Narasimham in 1890 along with his teacher.[1] He was interested in becoming a lawyer since childhood, Prakasam failed his matriculation examination. He however managed to go to Madras and become a second-grade pleader. Returning to Rajahmundry, he eventually became a successful lawyer. He was elected as Municipal Chairman of Rajahmundry in 1904 when he was 31 years old. This election was a tough one at that point in time.
Tanguturi Prakasam
In England
During one of his professional visits to Madras on a court case, a barrister was impressed with his legal acumen and suggested that he become a barrister. As a second-grade pleader, Prakasam could not argue cases at higher courts as only barristers were allowed to do so. Prakasam took the idea to his heart and decided to go to England to pursue legal studies. It was considered a sacrilege to cross the seas during those days. However, as Mahatma Gandhi had done before him, Prakasam made a promise to his mother that he would abstain from eating non-vegetarian food, smoking and drinking. He reached England in 1904. In England, he joined the India Society and worked for the election of Dadabhai Naoroji to the House of Commons.
Tanguturi Prakasam the high deposit demanded by the government. It was revived after the Gandhi-Irwin pact of 1931 but it had to be suspended again due to cash flow problems. Unsuccessful attempts were made to restart it again in 1935. In 1937, Congress Party contested the provincial elections and achieved majority in Madras province, among others. Though Prakasam was in the running for Chief Ministers post, he made way for Rajaji, who returned to active politics as per the wishes of the Congress Working Committee. Prakasam became the revenue minister his major contribution was the founding and chairing of the Zamindari Enquiry Committee which looked at the structural distortions in agriculture perpetrated due to the Zamindari system followed by the British Government. With the onset of World War II, the Congress ministries resigned from office as they were not consulted by the government about Indias participation. Prakasam was the first prominent leader from South India to offer individual Satyagraha against the war effort in 1941. He was arrested for more than three years for participating in the Quit India movement of 1942. After his release in 1945, he toured South India to get back in touch with the masses.
Post-independence
He visited Hyderabad state in 1948, while the Nizam was still in power, although Prime Minister Nehru warned against doing so because of concern for his personal safety. He met Qasim Rizvi, the leader of the Razakars and warned him about pushing his luck too far. The Razakars were impressed by his courage and accorded him a march of honour. In 1952, he formed the Hyderabad State Praja Party (Hyderabad State Peoples party) and ensured that all the sitting ministers of the Congress Party were defeated. However, Praja party could not come into power by its own and the coalition that he cobbled up collapsed even before a show of strength could be contemplated. Meanwhile, in December 1952, Potti Sriramulu died fasting for the cause of a separate state for the Telugu-speaking people. On 1 October 1953, the state of Andhra was created and Prakasam was unanimous choice for Chief minister for the new state.He was a not only party's choice but peoples choice too. However, due to opposition from the communists and halting support from the socialists, the government fell after a year. Mid-term elections were held in 1955 by which time Prakasam had more or less retired from active politics. On 1 November 1956, Telugu speaking parts of the erstwhile Hyderabad state were merged in the Andhra state to form Andhra Pradesh. Marathi speaking
Tanguturi Prakasam parts (Aurangabad region) of the Hyderabad state were merged with Bombay State (which later split into Gujarat and Maharashtra) and Kannada speaking parts (Gulbarga region) were merged with Mysore State. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, a future President of India and a staunch follower of Prakasam became the chief minister. Prakasam was active in touring the state promoting Harijan issues(Dalit issues). On one such visit to a Harijanwada near Ongole, he suffered from severe sunstroke. He was admitted in a Hyderabad hospital and died on 20 May 1957.He died as a poor man and a hungry man.His Grandson is a bachelor class V employee in Ongole even today and stays with his mother,Annapurnamma (Prakasam's youngest son's wife).
Andhra Kesari Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu Govt High School (AKTP High School), Satyanarayana Puram, Vijayawada.
Titles Held
Andhra Kesari Prakasam institute of dev<refhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andhra_Ratna></ref>elopment 81-85194-07-6, ISBN 978-81-85194-07-3 Studies , ISBN
References
[1] 100 years of Gayopakhyanam, Andhra Pradesh, April 2010 edition, pp: 64. [2] "Shocking Truth" (http:/ / www. time. com/ time/ magazine/ article/ 0,9171,854557,00. html). Time Magazine. February 10, 1947. .
License
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