ANALYSIS THE CAPACITY IN MOBILE WiMAX

(COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS)

CASE STUDY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA BANGI 2011

ABSTRACT

Wireless Broadband represents the technology that provides high-speed wireless Internet access or computer networking access over a wide area. It is available in Internet cafs, local hot spots within many cities, private businesses and many homes. It ad d some advantages to the networks communication like, the computer receiving the Internet signal need not be tethered by an Ethernet or network cable to the broadband modem or router. A wireless broadband modem receives the service and transmits it via radio waves to the immediate surrounding area. Any computer equipped with wireless capacity within receiving distance can pick up the signal, making the Internet portable. IEEE 802.16 is the important Wireless Broadband \standards that authored by the IEEE. Mobile WiMAX is a rapidly growing broadband wireless access technology based on IEEE 802.16-2004 and IEEE 802.16e-2005 air-interface standards. The IEEE 802-16e2005 standard for Mobile WiMAX, is a collection of different standards mainly focused on Physical and MAC layers applications with the aim of providing interoperability between different system specifications. In our case study we are going to present Matlab code simulation for calculation Mobile WiMAX capacity in both downlink and uplink directions based on traffic modeling.

Introduction
The technology of WiMAX, IEEE 802.16e Standard has been playing a main role in broadband wireless networks. The IEEE 802.16e Mobile Amended and, went behind the air interface, the WiMAX Forum defined the network architecture as a necessary for implementing an end-to-end Mobile WiMAX. This standard Mobile of broadband wireless enabled mobile convergence and fixed broadband networks within a certain wide area broadband radio access technology. The Mobile WiMAX Air Interface adopted OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access), this adaption improved the performance of the service. (SOFDMA) is the Scalable of OFDMA used in IEEE 802.16e to support bandwidths of channel where these bandwidths range from 1.25 to 20 MHz. the common used bandwidths in determining the capacity of the system (DL and UL) are 5 MHz and 10 MHz The Mobile WiMAX System enables systems of mobile to be configured based on a common base feature set thus ensuring baseline functionality for terminals and base stations that are fully interoperable. There are some optional elements (BS) to give an extra flexibility

to arrange based on specific arrangement scenarios which might need unlike configurations which are each of two, capacity-optimized or coverage-optimized. The first release of Mobile WiMAX profiles covered {5, 7, 8.75, and 10 MHz} bandwidths for licensed spectrum allocations in the 2.3 GHz, 2.5 GHz, 3.3 GHz and 3.5 GHz frequency bands. Mobile WiMAX systems provide features are called (silent features). These main features can be listed as below: Quality of Service (QoS): The essential based on the IEEE 802.16 MAC Architecture is (QoS). It determines Service Flows that can map to (DiffServ) code points or MPLS flow labels that enable end-to-end IP based QoS. High Data Rates: The inclusion of MIMO antenna techniques along with flexible Subchannelization schemes, Advanced Coding and Modulation all enable the Mobile WiMAX technology to support peak DL data rates up to 63 Mbps per sector and peak UL data rates up to 28 Mbps per sector in a 10 MHz channel. Scalability: Despite an increasingly globalized economy, spectrum resources for wireless broadband worldwide are still quite disparate in its allocations. Mobile WiMAX technology therefore, is designed to be able to scale to work in different channelization from 1.25 to 20 MHz to comply with varied worldwide requirements as efforts proceed to achieve spectrum harmonization in the longer term. This also allows diverse economies to realize the multifaceted benefits of the Mobile WiMAX technology for their specific geographic needs such as providing affordable internet access in rural settings versus enhancing the capacity of mobile broadband access in metro and suburban areas.

WiMAX IEEE.802.16e Physical Layer:

The PHY-layer could be explained in three main items, these items are Duplex mode, OFDMA and antennas techniques such as SISO, MISO, SIMO and MIMO.

1- Duplex mode
The mobile WiMAX IEEE 802.16e air-interface supports two modes (TDD) Time Division Duplexing and (FDD) Frequency Division Duplexing. The release-1 IEEE 802.16e profiles involved (TDD) only. TDD has many features that made it to be the preferred mode such as its ability of the dynamic allocation of both (DL and UL) to support efficiently asymmetric DL/UL traffic. Whereas FDD needs a pair of channels, TDD only needs a single channel for both downlink and uplink. And the implementation of are more simple comparing to FDD.

2- OFDMA
As a history, Different (PHY) layer have been used to define the WiMAX airinterface. Every one impacted the network design. The table below shows these types and simple description Type SC Sca OFDM OFDMA Single carrier Single carrier, release a OFDMA-256 Basis of fixed WiMAX equipment (802.16d-2004) Basis of fixed WiMAX equipment (802.16d-2004) comment Used in early 802.16, not anymore

2.1 Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

In this system multi transmitted signals at the same time slot (simultaneously) through multiple frequencies. Every sub-carrier modulated individually by different stream of data and then the guard band will be between the sub-carriers to eliminate the overlapping.

2.2 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) OFDM uses multiple sub-carriers as well, but in this case the sub-carriers space in closer manner to without occurring any interference, there are no guard bands

between the close sub-carriers. This is possible because the frequencies (subcarriers) are orthogonal; meaning the peak of one sub-carrier coincides with the null of an adjacent sub-carrier. Comparing with FDM, OFDM requires less bandwidth than FDM to carry the same amount of information which translates to higher spectral efficiency.

2.3 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)

The same in OFDM, OFDMA makes multiple spaced sub-carriers, and these sub-carriers divided into sets of more sub-carriers. Each set is called a sub-channel. Sub-channelization defines sub-channels that can be allocated to the mobile units depending on their channel conditions and data requirements. Using sub-channelization, a Mobile WiMAX BS can allocate within the same time slot more transmit power for lower SNR cases and less power for higher SNR cases.

3. SISO, MISO, SIMO and MIMO

In mobile WiMAX several technologies used in antenna systems: Switched Beams, Adaptive Array Systems (AAS), SIMO, MIMO, and STC... The strategies used based on optimising the gain or the directionality of the radiation patterns, spatial multiplexing, combining multipath signals. These adaptive systems take advantage of their ability to effectively locate and track various types of signals to dynamically minimize interferences and maximize intended signal reception.

MIMO (multi input multi output)

Mobile WiMAX MAC layer

WiMAX MAC layer in the Mobile IEEE 802.16e, Quality of Service (QoS) is offered through service flow. Before offering a particular kind of data service, the base station and user-terminal first build a unidirectional logical link between the peer MACs named a

connection. The outbound MAC then associates packets traversing the MAC interface into a service flow to be delivered over the connection. The QoS parameters associated with the service flow define the transmission ordering and scheduling on the air interface.

Methodology:
Five different cases will be studied based on different system parameters and traffic services by choosing the input values according to the practical situations. Our simulation will be done by using Matlab simulator. The Matlab-Code is consisted of a main function that contains two sub-functions for the useful bandwidth calculations in DL and UL directions. The user is asked to enter two groups of input parameters; Service Class Parameters and System Parameters, respectively. In some cases the possible values or the measurement unit of the corresponding parameter is indicated between () sign. The output of the program is consisted of the maximum number of supportable users for the formerly specified sector and a number of related numerical values enclosed with a visualization graph that illustrates the trend diagram of the DL/UL capacity and demand. The case-studies are arranged in an order to arrive at an optimized conclusion, while using trial and error base on the presented M code.

Objective
To present Matlab code simulation for calculation Mobile WiMAX capacity in both downlink (DL) and uplink (UP) directions based on traffic modeling.

Results
From the previous figures we find that the capacity of WIMAX increases (the no of users ) with increasing the data rate assigned for residential and business classes, as well the channel bandwidth increase the number of users twice. The cyclic prefix also play role to increase the capacity where the cyclic prefix is used to eliminate the inter symbol interference. As can be observed in the results, the system parameters presented in figure 3, 4, 5 introduces a greater peak data-rate in the downlink so that the sector can support more users in this direction.

Conclusion The greatest advantage of WiMAX over other competitor technologies is the timing. At the moment, Mobile WiMAX is ready to be deployed and to start serving the insatiable demand for wireless broadband, this case study present Matlab code simulation for calculation Mobile WiMAX capacity in both downlink (DL) and uplink (UP) directions based on traffic modeling. The result tell that parameter likes channel bandwidth and cyclic prefix introduces a greater peak data-rate in the downlink so that the sector can support more users in this direction

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