CONTENT

INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVE INFORMATION ON : RADIO WAVES IN TELECOMMUNICATION MRI MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGINING IN MEDICINE COOKING FOOD IN MICRO WAVE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

DISCUSSION SOURCE OF REFERENCE

INTRODUCTION
RESONANCE
In physics, resonance is the tendency of a system to oscillate with greater amplitude at some frequencies than at others. Frequencies at which the response amplitude is a relative maximum are known as the system's resonant frequencies, or resonance frequencies. At these frequencies, even small periodic driving forces can produce large amplitude oscillations, because the system stores vibrational energy. Resonance occurs when a system is able to store and easily transfer energy between two or more different storage modes (such as kinetic energy and potential energy in the case of a pendulum). However, there are some losses from cycle to cycle, called damping. When damping is small, the resonant frequency is approximately equal to the natural frequency of the system, which is a frequency of unforced vibrations. Some systems have multiple, distinct, resonant frequencies. Resonance phenomena occur with all types of vibrations or waves: there is mechanical resonance, acoustic resonance, electromagnetic resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron spin resonance (ESR) and resonance of quantum wave functions. Resonant systems can be used to generate vibrations of a specific frequency (e.g. musical instruments), or pick out specific frequencies from a complex vibration containing many frequencies (e.g. filters). Resonance was recognized by Galileo Galilei with his investigations of pendulums and musical strings beginning in 1602.[3][4]

EXAMPLE OF RESONANCE

Pushing a person in a swing is a common example of resonance. The loaded swing, a pendulum, has a natural frequency of oscillation, its resonant frequency, and resists being pushed at a faster or slower rate. One familiar example is a playground swing, which acts as a pendulum. Pushing a person in a swing in time with the natural interval of the swing (its resonant frequency) will make the swing go higher and higher (maximum amplitude), while attempts to push the swing at a faster or slower tempo will result in smaller arcs. This is because the energy the swing absorbs is maximized when the pushes are 'in phase' with the swing's natural oscillations, while some of the swing's energy is actually extracted by the opposing force of the pushes when they are not. Resonance occurs widely in nature, and is exploited in many man-made devices. It is the mechanism by which virtually all sinusoidal waves and vibrations are generated. Many sounds we hear, such as when hard objects of metal, glass, or wood are struck, are caused by brief resonant vibrations in the object. Light and other short wavelength electromagnetic radiation is produced by resonance on an atomic scale, such as electrons in atoms.

SOURCE OF REFERENCE
1. ^ Katsuhiko Ogata (2005). System Dynamics (4th ed.). University of Minnesota. p. 617. 2. ^ Ajoy Ghatak (2005). Optics, 3E (3rd ed.). Tata McGraw-Hill. p. 6.10. ISBN 978-0-07-0585836. 3. ^ Andrea Frova and Mariapiera Marenzana (2006). Thus spoke Galileo: the great scientist's ideas and their relevance to the present day. Oxford University Press. pp. 133137. ISBN 978-0-19856625-0. 4. ^ Stillman Drake, Noel M. Swerdlow, and Trevor Harvey Levere (1999). Essays on Galileo and the history and philosophy of science. University of Toronto Press. pp. 4142. ISBN 978-0-80207585-7. 5. ^ A. E. Siegman (1986). Lasers. University Science Books. pp. 105108. ISBN 978-0-93570211-8. 6. ^ Frederick Emmons Terman (1932). Radio Engineering. McGraw-Hill Book Company. 7. ^ William McC. Siebert (1986). Circuits, signals, and systems. MIT Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-0262-19229-3. 8. ^ James H. Harlow (2004). Electric power transformer engineering. CRC Press. pp. 2216. ISBN 978-0-8493-1704-0. 9. ^ Michael H. Tooley (2006). Electronic circuits: fundamentals and applications. Newnes. pp. 7778. ISBN 978-0-7506-6923-8. 10. ^ Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology:Q factor 11. ^ Time and Frequency from A to Z: Q to Ra 12. ^ Olson, Harry F. Music, Physics and Engineering. Dover Publications, 1967, pp. 248249. "Under very favorable conditions most individuals can obtain tonal characteristics as low as 12 Hz." 13. ^ Breaking Glass with Sound 14. ^ Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology - Q factor, quality factor, cavity, resonator, oscillator, frequency standards 15. ^ K. Billah and R. Scanlan (1991). "Resonance, Tacoma Narrows Bridge Failure, and Undergraduate Physics Textbooks" (PDF). American Journal of Physics 59 (2): 118124. Bibcode 1991AmJPh..59..118B. doi:10.1119/1.16590. Retrieved 2011-05-29. 16. ^ Continued Shaking on space station rattles NASA.

OBJECTIVE

TO ENABLE STUDENTS UNDERSTAND THE DEFINITION OF RESONANCE TO ENABLE STUDENTS TO UNDERSTAND THE FUNCTION OF THE RESONANCE IN DAILY LIFE TO ENABLE US TO DIFFRENTIATE THE TYPES OF RESONANCE

INFORMATION ON (RESONANCE)

How Radio Communication Works

Sound and radio waves are different phenomena. Sound consists of pressure variations in matter, such as air or water. Sound will not travel through a vacuum. Radio waves, like visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays, are electromagnetic waves that do travel through a vacuum. When you turn on a radio you hear sounds because the transmitter at the radio station has converted the sound waves into electromagnetic waves, which are then encoded onto an electromagnetic wave in the radio frequency range (generally in the range of 500-1600 kHz for AM stations, or 86-107 MHz for FM stations). Radio electromagnetic waves are used because they can travel very large distances through the atmosphere without being greatly attenuated due to scattering or absorption. Your radio receives the radio waves, decodes this information, and uses a speaker to change it back into a sound wave. An animated illustration of this process is given below (mouseover the images for animations). A sound wave is produced with a frequency of 5 Hz - 20 kHz. The sound wave is equivalent to a pressure wave traveling through the air. A microphone converts the sound wave into an electrical signal. The electrical wave traveling through the microphone wire is analogous to the original sound wave. The electrical wave is used to encode or modulate a highfrequency "carrier" radio wave. The carrier wave itself does not include any of the sound information until it has been modulated.

The carrier wave can either be amplitude modulated (AM, top) by the electrical signal, or frequency modulated (FM, bottom).

The signal is transmitted by a radio broadcast tower.

Your radio contains an antenna to detect the transmitted signal, a tuner to pick out the desired frequency, a demodulator to extract the original sound wave from the transmitted signal, and an amplifier which sends the signal to the speakers. The speakers convert the electrical signal into physical vibrations (sound).

DISCUSSION
1. WHAT IS RESONANCE?
Resonance is the tendency of a system to oscillate with greater amplitude at some frequencies than at others

2. WHEN RESONANCE OCCUR?

Resonance occurs when a system is able to store and easily transfer energy between two or more different storage modes (such as kinetic energy and potential energy in the case of a pendulum).

3. WHO RECOGNISED THE RESONANCE THEORY? Resonance was recognized by Galileo Galilei with his investigations of pendulums and musical strings beginning in 1602.[3][4]

4. GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF RESONANCE.

A playground swing, which acts as a pendulum

5. WHY SOUND ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES USED IN RADIO COMMUNICATION ?

Radio electromagnetic waves are used because they can travel very large distances through the atmosphere without being greatly attenuated due to scattering or absorption.