CONFIDENTIAL

EE/APR 2006/EPO341

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE COURSE CODE EXAMINATION TIME

POWER ENGINEERING FOUNDATION EP0341 APRIL 2006 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. 2. 3. This question paper consists of six (6) questions. Answer FIVE (5) questions only. Start each answer on a new page. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of: i) ii) iii) the Question Paper a one - page Appendix an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty

4.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 5 printed pages
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CONFIDENTIAL QUESTION 1

EE/APR 2006/EPO341

a) There are two tests required in determining the approximate values of reactances and resistances in the approximate transformer model namely the open circuit test and the short circuit test. Describe by using related labeled diagrams and equations on how to determine the approximate values of reactances (Xeq, Xm) and resistances (Req, Re) (10 marks) b) The results of the open circuit and short circuit tests for a 550/220 V, 60 Hz transformer are given in Table Q1b. Table Q1b Short Circuit Test Psc = 300 W lsc=12A Vsc = 30 V

Open Circuit Test Poc = 500 W l 0 c=15A Voc = 220 V

All data given were taken from the high-voltage side of the transformer. (i) Find the equivalent circuit of this transformer referred to the low-voltage side of the transformer, (ii) Assume a load connected to the low-voltage side draws 10 kW and a current of 58 A at the 0.85 lagging power factor. Find the efficiency of the transformer. (10 marks)

QUESTION 2 a) A separately-excited DC motor is operating with terminal voltage of 240 V. Its no-load speed is 1400 rpm. When fully loaded it delivers a gross torque of 400 Nm and the speed drops to 1200 rpm. (i) What is the armature current and mechanical power developed at full load? (ii) What is the armature resistance of the motor? (8 marks) b) A 3-phase, 50 Hz, 400 kV, 200 km transmission line has the following line constants: z = 0.032 + jO.35 Q /km y = j4.2x10" 6 S/km The transmission line is delivering full load at the receiving end of 600 MW at 0.95 power factor lagging at 95 % of rated voltage. Assume a medium-length line, determine the followings: (i) ABCD constants of the nominal 7t-circuit model (ii) Sending-end voltage Vs, current ls and real power Ps (12 marks)

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CONFIDENTIAL QUESTION 3

EE/APR 2006/EPO341

0 a) Assume that the voltage applied to a load is 230Z-30 V and current flowing through the load is 5Z15 A. (i) Calculate the complex power S consumed by this load (ii) Is this load inductive or capacitive? (Hi) Calculate the power factor of this load. (iv) Calculate the reactive power consumed or supplied by this load. Does the load consume reactive power from the source or supply it to the source. (6 marks)

b) Figure Q3b shows a one-line diagram of a small 1100-V distribution system in an industrial plant. Assume that the lines in the system have zero impedance, (i) If the capacitor switch is open, find the total real, reactive and the apparent power supplied to the loads. Find also the total current supplied to the system and the power factor at the supply, (ii) If the capacitor switch is now closed, find the total real, reactive and the apparent power supplied to the loads. Find also the total current supplied to the system. What is the power factor of the system now?

Load 1

Y-connected Z= 3 + j4 fi/phase

Supply SubStation At 1100 V (line voltage)

^ w
II

Load 2

A-connected Z= 5 + J8.66 Q/phase

T
Figure Q3b

Capacitor Bank A-connected Xc = -j8 Q

(14 marks)

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CONFIDENTIAL QUESTION 4

EE/APR 2006/EPO341

a) A 750kW, 11kV, 3-phase, star-connected synchronous motor has a synchronous reactance of 35Q/phase and negligible resistance. Determine the excitation emf per phase when the motor is operating on full-load at 0.8 pf lagging with 93% efficiency. (8 marks) b) A 2300V, 1000kVA, 0.85 power factor lagging, 50-Hz, two-pole, Y-connected synchronous generator has a synchronous reactance of 1.1Q and an armature resistance of 0.15Q. At 50 Hz, its friction and windage losses are 24 kW, and its core losses are 18 kW. The field circuit has a dc voltage of 200 V, and the maximum l F is 10 A. The resistance of the field circuit is adjustable over the range from 20 to 200 The OCC of this generator is shown in Figure Q4b in APPENDIX 1. (i) How much field current is required to make VT equal to 2300 V when the generator is running at no load? (ii) What is the internal generated voltage of this machine at rated conditions? (iii) How much field current is required to make VT equal to 2300 V when the generator is running at rated conditions? (iv) How much power and torque must the generator's prime mover be capable of supplying? (12 marks)

QUESTION 5
a) A 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3-phase induction motor running of full-load develops a useful torque of 160N-m and the rotor emf absorbed to make 2 Hz rotor frequency. The stator copper losses with inclusive of core losses are 200W. The torque losses in windage and friction is 12 N-m and ignore the stray losses. (i) Calculate the net mechanical power developed, P0UT(ii) Calculate the gross mechanical power developed, Pcnv (iii) Find the rotor copper losses in the rotor windings, the input power to the motor and the motor efficiency. (10 marks) b) A 3-phase, Y-connected, 440V, 7.5kW, 50Hz, 6-pole induction motor has the following circuit parameter constants. RT = 1.06Q X, =1.68Q Xm = 44.2Q R 2 = 0.576fi X 2 = 0.75Q

The total rotational losses are assumed to be 415W at any load. The motor runs at a speed of 975rpm at rated voltage and frequency on a particular load. From the actual equivalent circuit of induction motor, calculate; (i) The input power,PiN. (ii) The power converted from electrical to mechanical form, Pconv (iii) The output power POUT (iv) The load torque, T|0ad (10 marks)
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CONFIDENTIAL QUESTION 6

EE/APR 2006/EPO341

Figure Q6 shows a simple electrical power system. Calculate the per unit values of all impedances using 150 MVA as the base MVA for the entire system. Use 11 kV at Bus A as the new base voltage. Thus, draw the equivalent single-phase impedance diagram for the system. If a 3-phase balanced fault occurs at Bus D, determine the actual fault current. (20 marks) Data: Generator G1 Generator G2 Transformer T1 Transformer T2 Transformer T3 Transformer T4 Transformer T5 Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 rated MVA 100 MVA 120 MVA 120 MVA 100 MVA 150 MVA 100 MVA 50 MVA rated voltage 10.4 kV 20 kV 11/110kV 110/11kV 20/110kV 120/11 kV 11/6.6kV reactance 15% 12% 12% 14% 15% 12% 12% J50Q J60Q J0.1Q

Bus A 11kV G1 T1

Line 3

6.6kV 100MVA 0.85 p.f. lagging

Figure Q6

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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