Brazing materials

Competence in Aluminium

Roll clad aluminium products for heat exchanger applications

THE COMPANY

AMAG Ranshofen the integrated location for specialised, innovative solutions

Innovative expertise for rolled aluminium products

During the production of coil, sheet and plate, AMAG can rely on more than 70 years of experience of working with aluminium. Austrias leading aluminium group is positioned in the heart of Europe and constitutes an exceptionally flexible specialist with concentrated competence at its location in Ranshofen that ranges from casting and semis technologies to recycling. The companys production technologies are state-of-the-art and its product programme is constantly being enhanced and expanded by means of ongoing process optimization and investments. AMAGs enormous innovation potential emanates from its highly motivated and excellently trained workforce, the availability of the latest casting, rolling and heat treatment technologies, the extensive use of technological synergies between the various product groups, and networking with external research institutes and development partners. In addition, the concentration of competences at one integrated location ensures great versatility and short reaction times for the optimum fulfillment of increasingly testing customer demands. AMAGs quality assurance systems meet the stringent technological requirements of the aerospace and automotive industries. All the expertise required for the comprehensive examination of material properties and parameters of environmental relevance are concentrated in the companys own accredited testing laboratory, which conforms with the international EN ISO/IEC 17025 standard recognized by the aerospace industry. Moreover, AMAG naturally possesses all the main quality and environmental certificates of relevance (please see www.amag.at). AMAGs corporate culture encompasses a readiness to take decisions, long-term customer partnerships and daily endeavours aimed at improved performance. The workforce plays a central role in this regard, its high levels of motivation being based on quality consciousness, innovative strength and productivity-oriented thinking. Every year, the exceptional commitment of every employee with regard to the continuous improvement process (CIP) results in numerous ideas and suggestions, the implementation of which makes a considerable contribution to company success. AMAGs leading role in this area is confirmed by the repeated top positions achieved during external benchmarking. The interplay of these framework conditions results in a high degree of flexibility, as well as the ability to answer customer needs with individual consulting and precisely targeted solutions. As a result, AMAG constitutes a most competent partner for every matter relating to aluminium.

AMAG | Brazing materials | 10.2012

Environment-friendly production

AMAG green aluminium products

Environmental synergies between smelter, cast house and rolling mill
In recent years, the reduction of greenhouse gases has become an issue of growing importance to the metallurgical industry. Using the very latest technologies and extensive synergy effects available along the entire processing chain, the AMAG group has succeeded in achieving very low CO2 emissions and energy consumption.
Cost effective hood-type annealing furnace

Very low CO2 emissions during AMAGs ingot production

AMAG casting employs post-consumer material, in-house scrap and primary aluminium for the production of rolling ingots. Its primary aluminium base is secured by the participation in the Aluminerie Alouette Inc. smelter in Canada, which numbers among the most efficient in the world. Electricity emanating exclusively from hydropower sources keeps CO2 emissions at a significantly low level. Manufacturing of aluminium alloys via the recycling route saves up to 95 per cent of the energy required for primary production. Moreover, as the latest scrap preparation methods, melting technologies and casting processes are applied at the Ranshofen location, sizeable amounts of correctly sorted post consumer scrap can be employed in the production of aluminium brazing materials. Both core alloys and filler materials contain considerable secondary raw material content.

Environment-friendly aluminium melting furnace

Resource protection by process optimisation

In addition to the selection of raw materials with regard to energy consumption and CO2 emissions, AMAG is constantly working on improvements of its production processes. Optimized manufacturing parameters and processing facilities e.g. for heat treatment, cut energy consumption and therefore CO2 emissions. Innovative furnace concepts incorporating great flexibility and an optimum use of capacity levels also make a considerable contribution to resource conservation. AMAGs enhanced recycling technologies and optimized processes facilitate energy savings and thus provide a significant reduction in both CO2 emissions and impact on the atmosphere and water reserves.
State of the art cast technology

ALUMINIUM BRAZING

Brazing process
Advantages of aluminium brazing
The use of aluminium alloys in heat exchanger applications has steadily increased over the last two decades and because of the continuing drive for lightweight design and cost reductions, aluminium has virtually replaced copper and brass. Manufacturers have derived full advantage from the properties of aluminium brazing material concerning strength, weight, thermal conductivity, formability and corrosion resistance. Therefore brazed aluminium heat exchangers have become quite common in radiators, oil coolers, condensers, evaporators, intercoolers and air conditioning equipment. And this success is directly linked to the development of joining processes.
Illustration of grain size and brazing joint

Controlled atmosphere aluminium brazing system

History
At the beginning of the 1970s aluminium heat exchangers were mechanically assembled; then in the middle of this decade the fluxless vacuum brazing (VAC) process was introduced into large scale production. Subsequently, the improved, flux-based controlled atmosphere brazing (CAB) technique developed in the early 1980s, led to a steady increase in the use of aluminium brazing material for heat exchanger applications.

330.0 m

303.9 m

VAC-CAB process
As aluminium alloys form a stable and high melting oxide film, all the brazing methods include the Al-oxide layer penetration step. The fluxless vacuum brazing process (VAC) and the flux based controlled atmosphere brazing (CAB) overcome this problem by means of two differing procedures. In vacuum brazing the filler alloy contains 1.0-2.0% magnesium, which diffuses on the surface during the brazing cycle and then vaporizes at 600C due to low pressure of 10-5 mbar. The Mg-vapour disrupts the oxide layer and thus enables the filler alloy to flow. This Mg-vapour deposits on the cold furnace walls during vacuum brazing and must be regularly removed to ensure efficient furnace operation. In controlled atmosphere brazing a non corrosive, non hygroscopic flux is employed to dissolve and break up the oxide layer before the filler alloy melts. A Mg-content of over 0.3% in the molten clad reduces the performance of the flux due to the formation of high melting K-Mg-F-compound. These compounds reduce the viscosity of the liquid filler and results in poor brazing results.
1 mm

Typical brazing joint

Vacuum brazing furnace

AMAG | Brazing materials | 10.2012

ALUMINIUM BRAZING SHEET PROCESSING

Aluminium brazing material production

During brazing, only the clad brazing alloy melts, while the core alloys remain solid. The design and the applied materials of the heat exchanger are adjusted to optimize the brazing result regarding the required post braze mechanical properties as well as the corrosion resistance.

Roll cladding
Today, two basic cladding techniques, roll bonding and cast cladding, have become established industrially. Roll cladding is a solid-state welding process, which is used to join similar and dissimilar aluminium alloys, and represents the primary method of manufacturing fuselage skin sheet for aircraft, bright products and brazing sheet for automotive applications. The cladding layers are attached to the core slab by welding and metallurgical bonding using hot rolling. The cast cladding technique is based on a conventional direct chill mould modified in order to allow multiple metal streams to be casted into one single aluminium ingot.

Roll cladding by a two-high rolling mill

Complex assemblies can be turned into single unit by just one pass through a brazing furnace. Aluminium brazing facilitates the joining of parts with a near-eutectic Al-Si filler alloy, the liquidus temperature which is about 50C lower than that of the core. In serial heat exchanger production the filler alloy is supplied via a thin clad on a core alloy.

Compound Material
Aluminium brazing material is a sophisticated multi layer compound consisting of a core alloy which provides the strength and life cycle requirements of the heat exchanger and a clad brazing filler. A one-sided protection layer can also be clad, in order to prevent water-side radiator corrosion.

Cladding thickness
AMAGs well established, roll bonding process guarantees tight cladding thickness tolerances, which are essential for ensuring stable brazing results. Extremely thin clad layers of 1.5% can be manufactured, as well as brazing materials with a cladding thickness of 20%.

Tolerance of the cladding thickness

22 20 18

Effective Cladding Thickness [%]

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Up

ra ole er T

nce

Lim

it it

ec Eff

tive

u Val

Low

o er T

n lera

ce

Lim

cladding thickness in % 1.5 <4.0 4.0 <6.0 6.0 <12.0

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

tolerance in % 0.6 1.0 1.5 2.0

12.0 20.0

Nominale Cladding Thickness [%]

AMAG | Brazing materials | 10.2012

PRODUCTS AND SOLUTIONS

Tailor made heat exchanger materials

The development of aluminium alloys to meet the varied requirements of heat exchanger manufacturers has advanced in step with the growing use of aluminium brazing material. Optimized material selection involves criteria as there are formability, strength, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance and suitability for brazing. AMAGs cladding process ensures tight metallurgical bonding of the filler material onto the core ingot and thus top quality of the brazing material. after brazing can rise to over 140 MPa due to room temperature ageing. While in order to achieve optimum strength, the majority of heat treatable aluminium alloys have to be subjected to solution annealing within a relatively narrow temperature range, this does not apply to AMAG TopClad UHS 7020. The cooling speed following brazing can be varied to a high degree without affecting subsequent age hardening at room temperature. AMAG TopClad UHS is an excellent material for base plates. Due to the hardness of 55 HB in soft temper the high strength material possesses excellent resistance against mechanical defects in soft temper. Indeed, AMAG TopClad UHS is a premium solution whenever high scratch resistance is required.

AMAG TopClad
Typically, non heat-treatable Al-Mn based alloys of the 3xxx series are used for the core material of aluminium brazing compounds.

AMAG TopClad LL (LongLife)

In order to meet the demands for higher strength and improved corrosion resistance, AMAG developed modified 3xxx materials which are well known as LongLife alloys. Special chemistries and thermo-mechanical processing serve to improve the corrosion resistance levels offered by conventional 3xxx alloys.

AMAG TopClad HS (High strength)

Higher mechanical strength after brazing can be obtained by the heat treatable 6xxx alloys as the EN AW-6063 (AlMgSi) or the EN AW-6951 (AlMgSiCu) by means of solid solution and precipitation hardening. During brazing, Mg2Si particles are dissolved and the elements are kept in a solid solution by means of rapid cooling. The strength of the material is enhanced by small precipitates which are formed afterwards at room temperature.

Customized heat exchanger material

Yield strength Rp0,2 of AMAG heat exchanger materials

Rp02 soft temper Rp02 after CAB-brazing and 8 days age hardening
150

AMAG TopClad UHS (Ultra high strength)

AMAGs speciality in the field of heat exchanger materials is the adapted EN AW-7020 alloy to which a further barrier layer has to be applied in order to prevent diffusion phenomena. EN-AW 7020 core material belongs to the heat treatable alloys which in addition to high static strength, is characterised by excellent weldability and high welded seam strength. The combination of zinc and magnesium results in heat treatment ability and thus in strengths that far exceed those of standard brazing alloys. Parallel to joining during the brazing process, solution annealing also occurs at brazing temperature. In soft temper AMAG TopClad UHS 7020 achieves an Rp0.2 yield strength of 65 MPa, which

125

Yield strength Rp0.2 [MPa]

100

75

50

25

0
03 03 04 03 05 5 63 51 50 50 53 30 30 31 31 30 00 60 69 -9 -9 3 -3 -3 -3 70 20 3 5 LL LL 5 LL

LL

AMAG TopClad non-heat-treatable alloys

AMAG TopClad LL long life alloys

LL

AMAG TopClad HS AMAG TopClad UHS heat-treatable alloys

AMAG | Brazing materials | 10.2012

MULTICLAD MATERIAL

Progress by innovation
AMAG MultiClad Material
The characteristics of multilayer material compounds can be modified in a wide range of properties including strength, formability and corrosion resistance. Functional interlayers for improving the forming behaviour, the corrosion protection or the diffusion resistance form a material package which meets customer specific needs.

AMAG MultiClad UHS (Ultra high strength)

In particular, strength issues mean that the demand for high-performance heat exchangers with a reduced volume and mass either cannot be met by conventional brazing materials, or only to an insufficient extent. In view of this problem, AMAG rolling was prompted to develop a highstrength, multilayer brazing material. High-strength MultiCladUHS brazing material allows the production of new and innovative heat exchangers with the potential to provide sustainable component and design optimization, and a reduction in material thickness with a corresponding cut in weight and size. AMAG has developed a five-layer compound material consisting of a high-strength EN-AW 7020 core, filler material and an additional diffusion barrier. All standard aluminiumsilicon alloys can be cladded using both vacuum- and fluxing agent-based processes. The material compound resulting from the rolling process possesses tight metallurgical bonding.

Composition of the five-layer compound material

Age hardening at room temperature after CAB-brazing

300

material thickness: 1.6 mm

45

250

40

200

35

Rm, Rp0.2 [MPa]

150

30

100

25

50

20

500 m Microscopic picture of the AMAG MultiClad UHS

0 0 20

Rm
40 60

15 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240

Rp0.2

A50

Age hardening of AMAG MultiCladUHS

Aging Time [h]

AMAG | Brazing materials | 10.2012

A50 [%]

CORROSION RESISTANCE

Corrosion behaviour of heat exchangers

The corrosion resistance of aluminium heat exchangers depends on the (electro-) chemical interaction of the entire system, the microstructure of the core material and environmental factors. The microstructure, which is influenced by the chemical composition and the processing, has a significant impact on the mechanism of corrosion. The severe environmental conditions to which aluminium heat exchangers may be exposed have a considerable effect on lifetime. Both internal corrosion due to heat exchanging agents (e.g. refrigerants and coolants) and external corrosion relating to the environment (e.g. salt, water) can cause perforations and leaks.

500 m Elongated grain structure after brazing

Modification of the Microstructure

As grain boundaries represent the path along which corrosion proceeds, elongated grains enhance the LongLife performance of the material. The precipitation of Al-Mn-Si particles adjacent to the core/filler interface has a further positive impact on the corrosions resistance. This is because the precipitate layer has lower corrosion potential than the residual core and thus acts as a sacrificial layer.

Pitting Corrosion
Heat exchangers often suffer from pitting corrosion, as in the presence of an electrolyte the surface brazing material is removed at localized points and this results in the development of cavities. The primary cause of pitting is a difference in the corrosion potential created by an inhomogeneity either in or on the material surface.

Waterside Corrosion
Water-side corrosion on the inner side of a tube can be controlled sufficiently through the use of the proper cooling liquid with appropriate inhibitors. When applied to the core, water-side clad alloys such as EN AW-1050 or EN AW-7072 can improve internal corrosion resistance.

Grain size affects the Si-migration

Air Side Corrosion

All approaches aimed at enhancing the corrosion properties of aluminium brazing materials are intended to mitigate the deleterious pitting mechanism into a less harmful corrosive attack. AMAG rolling has developed AMAG TopClad LL, which incorporates special chemistries with tailored thermo-mechanical processing. This well designed combination between chemical composition and the production route considerably improves the corrosion resistance of these LongLife alloys.

Material Selection
The electrochemical potentials of heat exchanger materials may indicate the corrosiveness but does not include the influence of the microstructure on the corrosion. Accelerated corrosion tests (SWAAT-Test) allows AMAG to predict the durability of heat exchangers.

Galvanic Protection
The principle of galvanic protection is commonly applied with regard to the critical components of the heat exchanger: When in contact with an electrolyte, a less noble (anodic) alloy corrodes preferably in comparison with a noble (cathodic) alloy. Corrosion prevention requires careful selection of alloy combinations. Depending on the electro-chemical potentials of the post-brazed materials in use, the corrosion attack on the single components can be controlled.
322.2 m 322,2 m

500 m Lateral corrosion attack along the precipitate layer

AMAG | Brazing materials | 10.2012

SUPPORT

Technical support, research and development

Heat exchanger manufacturers are not left alone with their requests for ongoing process optimization. Together with its customers, AMAG makes intensive efforts to find well-designed solutions. Extensive material characterization equipment and tools for simulation and modelling provide a basis for the development of both products and additional expertise. AMAG R&D is also focused on the ongoing improvement of production processes with regard to quality, process consistency and cost-efficiency. Highly qualified staff and modern laboratories facilitate the acquisition of knowhow in the brazing field, while the equipment available in the laboratories allows the use of differing chemical analysis techniques and various optical, scanning and X-ray analyses. Upon customer request, analyses and material examinations can also be completed. On the basis of expertise relating to the demands of the brazing process, specific assignments can be dealt with and the appropriate solutions implemented. For example, these can include metallographic and corrosion testing, as well as surface analyses.

Expertise by highly qualified staff

Liquidus projection and solidification simulation by thermodynamic calculation

Morphology of a brazed assembly

500 m

3D grain contours observed by Barkers etching

AMAG | Brazing materials | 10.2012

technical data

Dimensions and design

Strips Dimensions 1) thickness width length
0.3 4.0 mm 2) thickness 0.3 2.0 mm: 15 1530 mm 0.3 8.0 mm 100 1530 mm thickness 0.3 2.5 mm: max. 8000 mm thickness 1.5 6.35 mm: max. 10000 mm 3) thickness 2.5 4.0 mm: max. 4400 mm thickness 4.0 8.0 mm: max 7300 mm

Sheets

thickness >2.0 4.0 mm: 55 1530 mm

edge quality inside diameter outside diameter Cladding cladding cladding thickness cladding tolerance

trimmed 300 mm; 400 mm; 508 mm; 600 mm max. 1900 mm

trimmed and slit; sawn

one side; both sides 4) 1.5 20.0% cladding thickness of 1.5 < 4.0%: 0.6 cladding thickness of 4.0 < 6.0%: 1.0 cladding thickness of 6.0 < 12.0%: 1.5 cladding thickness of 12.0 20.0%: 2.0

Surface quality marking

1) 2)

mill finish; for thickness 0.3 3.5 mm: chemically degreased zebra marking; ink marking

Tolerances according to EN and ASME. Higher thickness on request. 3) New cut to length line available in February 2013. 4) Also with different thicknesses and alloys. Customer specific dimensions and tolerances on request.

The state-of-the-art slitting line also allows AMAG to meet the demand for ever-closer width tolerances of tube stock material. Depending on the material thickness width tolerances from max. 0.05 mm up to max. 0.20 mm can be ensured.

10

AMAG | Brazing materials | 10.2012

MATERIAL DATA chemical composition

AMAG Clad Alloys

others Designation Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Cr Zn Ti each total

Clad alloys for VAC-brazing according to EN 573-3 4004 4104 1)

min max. min. max. 9.0 10.5 9.0 10.5 0.8 0.8 0.25 0.25 0.10 0.10 1.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 0.20 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.15 0.15

Clad alloys for CAB-brazing according to EN 573-3 4343 4045 4047A

min. max. min. max. min. max. 6.8 8.2 9.0 11.0 11.0 13.0 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.10 0.05 0.15 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.15 0.15 0.15

Zn-containing clad alloys for CAB-brazing 4343.ZN 4045.ZN

min. max. min. max. 6.8 8.2 9.0 11.0 0.8 0.8 0.25 0.30 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.8 1.2 0.8 1.2 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.15 0.15

Clad alloys for corrosion protection according to EN 573-3 1050A 7072

1)

min. max. min. max.

0.25

0.40

0.05 0.10

0.05 0.10

0.05 0.10

0.07 0.8 1.3

0.05 -

0.03 0.05

0.15

0.7 (Si + Fe)

Containing 0,02% 0,20% Bi

All data in wt.-%. Customer specific alloy compositions on request.

High quality rolling products require premium rolling slabs. All heat exchanger alloys are cast in Ranshofen at AMAG Casting. In addition to command of casthouse

processes customers demand comprehensive know-how in the material testing field. This know-how is to be found in the accredited AMAG testing laboratory.

AMAG | Brazing materials | 10.2012

11

MATERIAL DATA chemical composition

AMAG Core Alloys

others Designation Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Cr Zn Ti each total

AMAG TopClad; 3xxx-non-heat-treatable alloys according to EN 573-3 and AA 3003 3004 3005 3103 1) 3105
min max. min. max. min max. min max. min max. 0.6 0.30 0.6 0.50 0.6 0.7 0.70 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.05 0.25 0.25 0.30 0.10 0.30 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.5 0.9 1.5 0.30 0.8 0.8 1.3 0.20 0.6 0.30 0.20 0.8 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.25 0.25 0.20 0.40 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15

AMAG TopClad LL (LongLife) LL-3503 LL-3505 LL-3535 LL-93003 LL-93005

min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.25 0.40 0.45 0.70 0.30 0.20 0.6 0.20 0.40 0.50 0.70 0.30 0.70 0.30 0.70 0.7 1.2 1.0 1.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 0.8 1.2 0.10 0.30 0.20 0.45 0.10 0.30 0.10 0.15 0.35 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.25 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.05 0.15 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15

AMAG 5xxx-non-heat-treatable alloys according to EN 573-3 and AA 5049 5052 5083

min. max. min. max. min. max. 0.40 0.25 0.40 0.50 0.40 0.40 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.50 1.1 0.10 0.40 1.0 1.6 2.5 2.2 2.8 4.0 4.9 0.30 0.15 0.35 0.05 0.25 0.20 0.10 0.25 0.10 0.15 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.15 0.15 0.15

AMAG TopClad HS (High strength); 6xxx-heat treatable alloys according to EN 573-3 and AA 6063 6951
min. max. min. max. 0.20 0.6 0.20 0.50 0.35 0.08 0.10 0.15 0.40 0.10 0.10 0.45 0.9 0.40 0.8 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.15 0.15

AMAG TopClad UHS (Ultra High Strength); 7xxx-heat treatable alloys according to EN 573-3 and AA 7020 2)
1) 2)

min. max.

0.35

0.40

0.20

0.05 0.50

1.0 1.4

0.10 0.35

4.0 5.0

0.05

0.15

Containing max. 0.10% (Zr+Ti) Containing 0.08% 0.25% (Zr+Ti) and 0.08% 0.20% Zr

All data in wt.-%. Customer specific alloy compositions on request.

12

AMAG | Brazing materials | 10.2012

MATERIAL DATA MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Tensile data in pre and post brazed condition

as delivered Designation Temper Gauge (mm) Rp0.2 (Mpa) Rm (Mpa) A50 (%) Rp0.2 (Mpa) as brazed 1) Rm (Mpa) A50 (%)

AMAG TopClad; 3xxx-non-heat-treatable alloys 3003 3004 3005 3103 3105

H12

min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max.

0.3 4.0 0.3 4.0 0.3 4.0 0.3 4.0 0.3 4.0

35 60 45 35 40 -

95 135 155 200 115 165 90 130 100 155

23 14 19 24 17 -

35 55 45 35 40 -

95 135 115 90 95 -

25 20 20 30 25 -

AMAG TopClad LL (LongLife) LL-3503 LL-3505 LL-3535 LL-93003 LL-93005

min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. 0.3 4.0 0.3 4.0 0.3 4.0 0.3 4.0 0.3 4.0 45 60 40 40 45 120 150 145 175 120 155 125 150 120 150 20 12 18 20 20 50 60 40 45 45 135 145 130 130 135 18 12 25 20 15 -

AMAG 5xxx-non-heat-treatable alloys 5049 5052 5083

min. max. min. max. min. max. 0.3 4.0 0.3 4.0 0.3 4.0 80 65 125 190 240 170 215 275 350 18 18 15 -

AMAG TopClad HS (High strength); 6xxx-heat-treatable alloys 6063 2) 6951 2)

min. max. min. max. 0.3 4.0 0.3 4.0 30 35 80 125 145 25 23 70 65 145 140 12 18 -

AMAG TopClad wHS (High strength); 7xxx-heat-treatable alloys 7020 2)

1) 2)

min. max.

2.0 5.0

125 -

165 205

8 -

130 -

250 -

14 -

Post braze properties as typical value; 3 min on brazing temperature of 600C; tensile test at room temperature. Post braze properties after 8 days room temperature aging.

Customer specific temper on request.

AMAG | Brazing materials | 10.2012

13

MATERIAL DATA ELEVATED TEMPERATURE STRENGTH

Typical tensile properties as a function of temperature

Tensile test at elevated temperatures of brazing sheet in post brazed condition

14 AMAG | Brazing materials | 10.2012

MATERIAL DATA FORMABILITY

Flow curves of brazing sheet in soft temper

160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
position to rolling direction: 0 n4-6 = 0.26 r8-12 = 0.65 45 n4-6 = 0.25 r8-12 = 0.72 90 n4-6 = 0.24 r8-12 = 0.56

1.2 mm EN AW-3003 brazing sheet in temper soft

160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

1.6 mm EN AW-3103 brazing sheet in temper soft

flow stress kf [MPa]

flow stress kf [MPa]

position to rolling direction: 0 n4-6 = 0.24 r8-12 = 0.67 45 n4-6 = 0.25 r8-12 = 0.69 90 n4-6 = 0.24 r8-12 = 0.69

0,05

0,1

0,15

0,2

0,05

0,1

0,15

0,2

deformation strain g
180 160 140 1.2 mm EN AW-6063 brazing sheet in temper soft

deformation strain g
180 160 140 1.2 mm LL-3503 brazing sheet in temper soft

flow stress kf [MPa]

flow stress kf [MPa]

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 0,05

position to rolling direction: 0 n4-6 = 0.27 r8-12 = 0.73 45 n4-6 = 0.29 r8-12 = 0.47 90 n4-6 = 0.28 r8-12 = 0.68

120 100 80 60 40 20
position to rolling direction: 0 n4-6 = 0.29 r8-12 = 0.71 45 n4-6 = 0.29 r8-12 = 0.72 90 n4-6 = 0.28 r8-12 = 0.68

0,1

0,15

0,2

0,05

0,1

0,15

0,2

deformation strain g
220 200 180 0.6 mm LL-3505 brazing sheet in temper soft

deformation strain g
220 200 180 1.5 mm LL-3535 brazing sheet in temper soft

flow stress kf [MPa]

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 0,05

position to rolling direction: 0 n4-6 = 0.24 r8-12 = 0.85 45 n4-6 = 0.25 r8-12 = 1.15 90 n4-6 = 0.25 r8-12 = 0.38

flow stress kf [MPa]

160

160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20

position to rolling direction: 0 n4-6 = 0.31 r8-12 = 0.70 45 n4-6 = 0.32 r8-12 = 0.85 90 n4-6 = 0.32 r8-12 = 0.80

0,1

0,15

0,2

0,05

0,1

0,15

0,2

deformation strain g

deformation strain g

Elevated Temperature Strength

A critical material requirement is sufficient strength at elevated temperatures; especially automotive oil coolers require aluminium heat exchanger material with high temperature tensile strengths.

Formability Characteristics
The flow curve can be calculated from the region of uniform elongation from yield strength Rp0.2 to uniform elongation Ag in the stress-elongation curve. In order to determine the material characteristic values for forming

the force is related to the actual section area of the specimen. The flow stress kf is related to the region of plastic flow and depends on material, temperature, degree of strain and strain rate. The strain hardening exponent n can be calculated from the flow curve; the higher the value of n and the higher the uniform elongation, the lower is the tendency of the material to neck locally. Brazing sheets do not exhibit the same properties in all directions; the variation of material properties in dependence of the rolling direction is called anisotropy r.

AMAG | Brazing materials | 10.2012

15

GROUP COMPANIES & locations

AMAG Austria Metall AG P.O. Box 3 5282 Ranshofen AUSTRIA T +43 7722 801 0 F +43 7722 809 498 md-amag@amag.at www.amag.at

AMAG operative companies

AMAG rolling GmbH P.O. Box 32 5282 Ranshofen AUSTRIA T +43 7722 801 0 F +43 7722 809 406 rolling@amag.at www.amag.at AMAG metal GmbH P.O. Box 36 5282 Ranshofen AUSTRIA T +43 7722 801 0 F +43 7722 809 479 metal@amag.at www.amag.at Aluminium Austria Metall (Qubec) Inc. 1010 Sherbrooke ouest # 2414, Montral, QC. H3A 2R7 CANADA T +1 514 844 1079 F +1 514 844 2960 aamqc@amag.at www.amag.at AMAG casting GmbH P.O. Box 35 5282 Ranshofen AUSTRIA T +43 7722 801 0 F +43 7722 809 415 casting@amag.at www.amag.at AMAG service GmbH P.O. Box 39 5282 Ranshofen AUSTRIA T +43 7722 801 0 F +43 7722 809 402 service@amag.at www.amag.at

AMAG rolling GmbH sales subsidiaries

AMAG Deutschland GmbH Lustheide 85 51427 Bergisch Gladbach GERMANY T +49 2204 58654 0 F +49 2204 58654 25 amag.deutschland@amag.at AMAG FRANCE SARL 65, Rue Jean Jacques Rousseau 92150 Suresnes FRANCE T +33 141 448 481 F +33 141 380 507 amag.france@amag.at AMAG U.K. LTD. Beckley Lodge Leatherhead Road Great Bookham Surrey KT 23 4RN UNITED KINGDOM T +44 1372 450661 F +44 1372 450833 amag.uk@amag.at Office Czech Republic David Bicovsky Marie Podvalove 929/5 196 00 Prag 9 - Cakovice CZECH REPUBLIC T +42 0725 002 993 d.bicovsky@amag.at AMAG BENELUX B.V. Burgwal 47 2611 GG Delft NETHERLANDS T +31 15 21 33 222 F +31 15 21 25 795 amag.benelux@amag.at AMAG ITALIA S.r.l. Via Pantano 2 20122 Milano ITALY T +39 02 720 016 63 F +39 02 367 640 92 amag.italia@amag.at AMAG USA Corp. 600 East Crescent Ave, Suite 207 Upper Saddle River NJ 07458-1827, USA T +1 201 9627105 F +1 972 4991100 amag.usa@amag.at Office China PH Tay c/o H&N Packaging (Suzhou) Co, Ltd. No: 18, Xingye Road, Taicang Development Area Juangsu P.R. CHINA T +86 512 5344 2355 ph.tay15@ymail.com

Representatives of AMAG rolling GmbH

Bulgaria/Cathode sheet Bulmet Blvd. Slivnitza 212, vh.D, et.6, ap.17 1202 Sofia BULGARIA T +35 929 83 1936 F +35 929 83 2651 bulmet@data.bg Denmark P. Funder & Son ApS Nyhavn 47, 2. sal 1051 Kobenhavn K. DENMARK T +45 39 63 89 83 F +45 39 63 89 70 of1@mail.dk India Protos Engg Co PVT Ltd. 173, Thakur Niwas J tat a road Churchgate Mumbai - 400020 INDIA T +91 22 66 28 7030 F +91 22 22 02 1716 anchan@protosindia.com Israel Bino Trading Haziporen 14 30500 Binyamina ISRAEL T +972 4 6389992 F +972 4 638939 zadok@bino-trading.com Italy/Aircraft plate Aerospace Engineering Via Rimassa, 41/6 16129 Genova ITALY T +39 010 55 08 51 F +39 010 574 0311 paolo@aereng.it Korea/Trading GST Corporation 137-858, # Hanwha Obelisk, 1327-27 Seocho 2 Dong Seocho-Ku, Seoul KOREA T +82 2 597 7330 F +82 2 597 7350 pkwanho@kornet.net Mexico Intercontinental de Metales, S.A. de C.V. Cto. Historiadores No. 2A Cd. Satelite, Naucalpan de Juarez Edo. Mex., ZC 53100 MEXICO T +11 5255 5374 2272 F +11 5255 5374 2271 rserrano@intermetalic.com Poland Nonferrometal ul. Kiliskiego 4/114 32-600 Owicim POLAND T +48 502 643 003 F +48 33 8 433 299 office@nonferrometal.com Sweden, Norway, Finland Danubia Metallkontor AB Linngatan 76 115 23 Stockholm SWEDEN T +46 8 704 95 95 F +46 8 704 28 20 peter@danubia.se Switzerland R. Fischbacher AG Hagackerstrasse 10 8953 Dietikon SWITZERLAND T +41 44 740 59 00 F +41 44 740 00 19 info@fimet.ch Spain/Trading Euromet Metales y Transformades, S.A. C/. Orense, 16-5oF 28020 Madrid SPAIN T +34 639 770 672 F +34 609 014 665 driera@euromet.es Spain/OEM Glintek, ingeniera y aplicaciones del aluminio, SL C/Guillermo Tell, 27 Planta 1 08006 Barcelona SPAIN T +34 93 418 39 06 F +34 93 418 39 06 vllario@glintek.com Taiwan De Pont Intern. Company No. 1, Lane 961 Song Vun Road Tali City 41283, Taichung TAIWAN T +886 (0) 4 240 69 421 F +886 (0) 4 240 69 422 jack0107@ms56.hinet.net

www.amag.at

10.2012