Minimal Unix Commands Reference

File/directory commands:
cd chgrp chmod cp ls mkdir mv pwd rm rmdir change directory change group ownership change permissions copy file(s) list files make new directory move/rename file(s) present working directory remove/delete file(s) delete empty directory

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sample usage

cd bin cd ~/2350/hw cd chgrp appm2350 index.html chmod 664 myfile.html cp thisfile newfile cp file* subdir/ ls -l ls -alrt *.html mkdir 2005fall mv a.out ProgramE mv file* subdir/ pwd rm -i *.aux rm -rf subdir/ rmdir 1999fall
sample usage

Editing, Email, Documentation:

emacs vi nedit pico pine mailx latex pdflatex text editor text editor text editor text editor email email compiles DVI document compiles PDF document

emacs mythesis.tex vi mythesis.tex nedit mythesis.tex pico mythesis.tex pine mailx mailx smith@hotmail.com latex mythesis.tex pdflatex mythesis.tex
sample usage

Remote login and file copying:

scp sftp ssh copy between computers copy between computers log onto remote computer

scp myfile amath.colorado.edu:subdir/file8 sftp ssh amath.colorado.edu -l username

sample usage

Text filters:
cat grep head more sort spell tail wc display text contents find word/string display first few lines display 20 lines at a time re-order text lines find misspelled words display last few lines word count

cat file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt grep keyword file1 file2 file3 head -5 file.txt more file.txt sort -r -n file.txt spell file.txt tail -5 file.txt wc file.txt cat *.tex | wc
sample usage

Other Utilities:
man cal date du echo look manual page calendar current date/time total size of directory print to screen suggest words

man ls man -k editor cal cal 12 2005 date du -k | sort -n echo "This is great stuff." look stri

over

Minimal Unix Commands Reference

Process control:
file jobs kill nice ps which type of file in current shell stop process process priority list processes command filename

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sample usage

file * jobs kill 23098 nice ./a.out ps -ef | sort | more which netscape

kill -9 23098

Customizing:
alias finger passwd set setenv w who whoami command shortcut user identity change password variables variables user identities

sample usage

alias dir /bin/ls -al \!* | more finger smith finger @newton passwd set path=($path /usr/local/tex/bin) setenv TEXHOME /usr/local/tex w who whoami
sample usage

Compilers and file utilities:

cc c++ gcc g++ f77 f90 f95 diff strings tar gzip gunzip C and C++ compilers Fortran compilers line-by-line difference text embedded in binary archiving files compress file uncompress file

cc -o myprogram progA.c f90 -o myprogram progA.f90 diff file1.txt file2.txt strings a.out tar cf myarchive.tar file1 file2 dir3 dir4 gzip myarchive.tar gunzip myarchive.tar.gz

SYNTAX:
& > >> < | ; $VARIABLE * and ? !! $! run in background redirect to file append to file input from file pipe to another program separates commands variables wildcard characters last command, last word

sample usage

nice ./a.out & nice ./a.out > results.out & nice ./a.out >> more.out & nice ./a.out < input.dat > results.out & cat *.dat | more ./a.out < input1.dat ; ./a.out < input2.dat ; ls set ; echo $PATH ls *.tex ; ls a* ; ls *.??? ; ls file?.txt echo "!!"

FILES:
~/.cshrc ~/.login ~/.ssh/known_hosts initialization file initialization file ssh keys file

what the file is for

define shell variables and aliases set 1-time login information keys accepted from other hosts; sometimes needs editing

31 May 2002 version baf