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Talk Outline
Part I: Social Recommender Systems Part II: Personal Recommender Systems Part III: Comparison of Pandora vs. Last.fm Part IV: Outstanding Issues in this domain
Recommender Systems
definition
Recommender Systems (RS) propose items that may interest users Books, movies, music, news, trips, etc.
Social Recommenders
collaborative filtering Propose items based on
Ratings Ratings of other similar users Pearson correlation method, etc.
User Similarity
Pearson correlation
wa ,u =
m
( r r )( r r ) , , a i a u i u i =1
2
( ) r r , a i a i =1
( ) r r , u i u i =1
Rating Generation
aggregating function
The S matrix
Clustering Algorithms
Classified into at least six categories
fuzzy clustering, nearest-neighbor clustering, hierarchical clustering, artificial neural networks for clustering, statistical clustering algorithms, and density-based clustering.
Lin & Chen, 2005:& Chen, M.-S. (2005). Combining partitioning and hierarchical algorithms for robust and efficient data clustering with cohesion self-merging. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 17(2), 145159.
Sparcity: item >> rated items new user problem New item problem - cold start Scalability - matrix Their tastes may be hard to predict - existing vs. current preferences Shilling attacks
Talk Outline
Part I: Social Recommender Systems Part II: Personal Recommender Systems Part III: Comparison of Pandora vs. Last.fm Part IV: Outstanding Issues in this domain
Content Encoding
Content profile: each item in a database is characterized by a set of attributes Similitude matching Products can be encoded with physical features What about art work?
Limitations of PBS
Preference models Users do not state preferences accurately Incomplete, erroneous Available options do not match models What about discovery?
Consider diversity Consider proposing attractive items to stimulate preference expression
Talk Outline
Part I: Social Recommender Systems Part II: Personal Recommender Systems Part III: Comparison of Pandora vs. Last.fm Part IV: Outstanding Issues in this domain
Pandora
Hundreds of musicians to encode each song into a vector Hundred features: such as harmony, instrumentation or rhythm 10000 artists and has created more than 13 million stations.
Last.fm
Personalized radio stations Recommendation based on a collection of music profiles The time-to-recommendation is long
Experiment
Within subject study 64 participants (12 females) 62% from 18-24, 34% from 25-30, 4% above User tasks
Setup Listen to recommended music for an hour Answer assessment questions A week later, evaluate the other system
Result Analysis
product search
Result Analysis
product search
Result Analysis
product search
Result Analysis
product search
P < 0.0049
Result Analysis
product search
Talk Outline
Part I: Social Recommender Systems Part II: Personal Recommender Systems Part III: Comparison of Pandora vs. Last.fm Part IV: Outstanding Issues in this domain
User acceptance If TiVo Thinks You Are Gay, heres How to Set it Straight
Accuracy is not enough Subjective attitudes
Confidence
Acceptance
Save effort
Recommendation as a Process
We Will Validate
Recommendation as a Process
Henry Lieberman, MIT Going to a party Want to be sophisticated tonight
Affective Recommendation
Emotional cues: happy, sad, excited, How users may accept recommendations as a function of their emotions