PHI 2635 Bioethics Final Exam Review The second, and final, exam will be administered during the

e scheduled examination periodMonday, December 10, 2012 from 10:00am to 12:00pm. The exam will consist of some multiple choice and true/false questions, as well as short answer and essay questions, which will be taken from the list below. Chapter 8 Organ Donation and Transplantation According to Rescher, what are the criteria that should be used to allocate scarce lifesaving technologies? Does Childress agree or disagree with these criteria? Do you think it is morally acceptable to offer financial benefits to living donors (Gaston et al)? Would it be morally acceptable to require that people donate their organs at death (Spital and Erin)? What are the pros and cons of an opting in system for acquiring scarce organs? What are community health programs (Nelson) and how do they relate to the issue of health care rationing? What specific benefits do Gaston et al suggest for living donors? Why are they in favor of these benefits? Why does Jansen reject the best interest of the child as a principle for determining when children should be allowed to be organ donors? What substitute principle does she propose? Explain. Discuss several specific ways that the values of justice and utility are relevant to the issue of organ transplantation. Explain the difference between directed and nondirected donations, and discuss the moral questions that are raised by each type of donation. (See Truog and Caplan) Explain some of the ways that race may be an issue in organ transplantation (Gordon, Wilkinson). What solutions or policies would you recommend for dealing with issues of race? Should younger persons have priority over older persons for kidney transplants (Graham)? Should non-alcoholics have priority over alcoholics for liver transplants (Brudney)? Use moral values and theories to defend your answers. According to Childress, what role should the community play in setting the criteria for organ allocation?

In the United States, is it legal for a person to donate a kidney to an unrelated stranger? What restrictions, if any, are there on organ donation? Which approaches for rationing scarce medical resources does Annas consider? According to Wilkinson, is it ever permissible to accept a racist donors offer of an organ? What is conditional allocation (Wilkinson)? What is a living directed donation? What is UNOS? Chapter 10 Issues at the End of Life The Baby Doe regulations have remained in place for the past two decades, yet they are in conflict with the best interest standard proposed by the American Academy of Pediatrics. What is the difference between these approaches to caring for ill, premature, or terminally ill infants? How might the Baby Doe regulations infringe upon compassionate and individualized end of life care? The case of Terri Schiavo proved extremely problematic because Schiavos family members fundamentally disagreed about her situation. What principle or approach should be used to when theres disagreement between family members over end of life care? Who should be involved when such decisions must be made? (See Quill and Johnson) Quill relates a case in which he participated in the suicide of a terminally ill cancer patient named Diane. What do you think about Quills actions? Did he overstep boundaries in his role as a physician, or was he acting on his obligations as Dianes primary caregiver? The debates over physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia tend to emphasize concerns for patient autonomy versus the duty of medical staff to save lives. Yet in framing the debate this way, questions about gender, class, and disability may become obscured. How do Parks and Ackerman reconceive the debate around PAS, and how seriously should we take their arguments? In what ways is race relevant to end of life concerns and the practice of PAS? What are some connections between the concerns raised by Dula and Williams, and those voiced by King and Wolf? How might cultural differences affect the experience of dying and death for a patient, her family, and the health care professionals who care for them? Consider

the examples provided by Koenig and Gates-Williams. What do their examples tell us about providing appropriate care for patients at the end of life? Why does Parks think that gender is relevant to the practice of euthanasia and PAS? According to Ackerman, why might it be a problem to limit assisted suicide to only rational, voluntary individuals who are terminally ill? State one problem with the Baby Doe regulations and briefly explain the approach to decision-making scheme that Kopelman suggests instead. What would it mean to have a duty to die and how is that different from the way we normally approach end of life care? What do we mean by quality of life? What is hospice care? What is its purpose and how is it different from other kinds of care?