Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison

CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

ECE 230

Educational Objectives
Spring 2013 Michael G. Morrow
Last updated 1/14/2013 9:14 AM

ECE 230 Circuit Analysis

The number preceding each objective refers to its cognitive level, as stated in cognitive domain of Blooms Taxonomy. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom%27s_Taxonomy#Cognitive for more information.

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
Basic Concepts [2] Define electric circuit, charge, current, direct current (DC), alternating current, voltage, power, energy, passive sign convention, conservation of charge. [2] List the standard units for electric charge, current, voltage, resistance, conductance, power, and energy. [3] Given current as a function of time, calculate the total charge passing a point in a circuit. [3] Calculate the power absorbed or supplied by circuit elements. [2] Define in terms of sources; ideal, non-ideal, independent, dependent, VCVS, CCVS, VCCS, CCCS. [3] Calculate the energy consumed over a period given power consumption data. Basic Laws [2] Define resistivity, resistance, short circuit, open circuit, conductance. [3] Use Ohms Law to analyze circuit operation. [3] Calculate the power absorbed by a resistor under given conditions. [2] Define node, branch, loop, series, parallel, Kirchhoffs Current Law (KCL), Kirchhoffs Voltage Law (KVL). [3] Apply KCL to a given circuit. [3] Apply KVL to a given circuit. [3] Determine the equivalent resistance of series and/or parallel resistors. [3] Apply the concept of voltage division to find the voltage drop of a single resistor in a series circuit. [3] Apply the concept of current division to find the current though a single resistor in a parallel circuit. [3] Use wye-delta conversions to simplify circuits for analysis. Methods of Analysis [2] Define ground, reference node, node voltage, nodal analysis, supernode, mesh, planar circuit, mesh analysis, supermesh. [3] Put simultaneous equations into matrix form, and solve using a calculator. [3] Use nodal analysis to calculate the node voltages in a given circuit. [3] Use node voltages to determine the circuits operating conditions, including currents, voltage drops and rises, and power. [3] Use mesh analysis to calculate the mesh currents in a given circuit. [3] Use mesh currents to determine the circuits operating conditions, including voltage drops and rises, node voltages, currents, and power. Circuit Theorems [2] Define linearity property, homogeneity, additivity, linear circuit, superposition principle. [3] Use the linearity property to determine actual circuit response based on an

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ECE 230 Circuit Analysis

assumed operating condition. [3] Use the linearity property to determine circuit response to input changes. [3] Use superposition to determine the operating conditions in a given circuit containing resistors, independent and/or dependent sources. [2] Define source transformation, Thevenins Theorem, Nortons Theorem. [2] State the relationship between IS, VS, and R when making source transformations. [3] Use source transformation to solve for circuit operating conditions. [3] Calculate the Thevenin equivalent of a given circuit. [3] Calculate the Norton equivalent of a given circuit. [3] For given circuit, determine the load resistance that will result in maximum power transfer to the load. Exam #1 coverage ends here Operational Amplifiers [2] Define operational amplifier (op amp), inverting input, non-inverting input, open-loop voltage gain, ideal op amp, closed-loop gain, saturation, negative feedback, positive feedback. [2] State the relationship between the inverting/non-inverting input voltages and the output voltage in an op amp. [2] State the characteristics of an ideal op amp. [2] Describe why an ideal op amp in a circuit with negative feedback will cause the inverting/non-inverting input voltages to be the same value. [3] Evaluate the output/input relationship in ideal op amp circuits including inverting amplifiers, non-inverting amplifiers, summing amplifiers and difference amplifiers. [3] Determine the output/input relationship of cascaded op amp circuits. Capacitors and Inductors [2] Define capacitance, dielectric, permittivity, inductance, permeance. [3] Given a capacitors physical dimensions and the dielectrics permittivity, compute its capacitance. [2] State the relationship between capacitance, charge and voltage. [2] State the relationship between voltage and current in a capacitor, and identify which must be continuous with time. [2] State the relationship between voltage and current in an inductor, and identify which must be continuous with time. [3] Determine the energy stored in a capacitor or inductor. [3] Find the equivalent capacitance of series-parallel combinations of capacitors. [3] Find the equivalent inductance of series-parallel combinations of inductors. [3] Analyze a circuit containing capacitors and/or inductors under DC conditions. [3] Analyze the output/input relationship of op amp circuits containing inductors or capacitors. First-Order Circuits [2] Define first-order circuit, time constant, natural response, forced response, transient response, steady-state response, complete response, singularity function, unit impulse function, unit step function, unit ramp function, sifting property.

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ECE 230 Circuit Analysis

[3] Calculate the natural response of a first-order RC or RL circuit. [3] Calculate the step response of a first-order RC or RL circuit. [3] Evaluate functions containing unit impulse, unit step and/or unit ramp functions. [3] Use the unit impulse, unit step and/or unit ramp functions to create functions with a specified behavior. [3] Use the sifting property to evaluate integrals containing unit impulse functions. [3] Use the unit step function model circuit switching behavior. [3] Determine the natural and/or step response of first-order op amp circuits. Second-Order Circuits [2] Define second-order circuit, damping factor, resonant frequency, damped natural frequency, under-damped, over-damped, critically damped, duality. [3] Determine the boundary conditions for a given circuit. [3] Find the characteristic equation for a series or parallel RLC circuit. [3] Calculate damping factor and resonant frequency for a given RLC circuit. [3] Determine if a given series or parallel RLC circuit is under-, over- or critically damped. [3] Find the natural response for series or parallel source-free RLC circuits. [3] Find the complete response for series or parallel RLC circuits. [3] Find the complete response for general second-order circuits. Exam #2 coverage ends here Phasors and Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis [2] Define in regards to sinusoidal waveforms; amplitude, period, frequency, angular frequency, phase angle, lead, lag. [2] Define impedance, reactance, admittance, susceptance. [2] Explain the restrictions that accompany using phasor values in circuit calculations. [3] Transform time-domain expressions to the frequency domain, and vice versa. [3] Determine the time integral and derivative of a phasor quantity. [3] Calculate the impedance of circuits containing R, L, and/or C, and express in polar or rectangular forms. [3] Apply KVL and KCL in the frequency domain. [3] Combine impedances in series and/or parallel. [3] Use the following circuit analysis techniques in the frequency domain; Thevenin/Norton equivalents, source transformations, node-voltage, mesh currents, and superposition. [3] Analyze op amp circuits in the frequency domain. [3] Construct a phasor diagram representing a given set of voltages and currents. [3] Use a phasor diagram to graphically solve KVL and KCL. AC Steady-State Power [2] Define instantaneous power, average (real) power, reactive power, complex power, apparent power, power factor, leading PF, lagging PF, and power factor angle. [2] Describe the units for apparent power, complex power, average power, and reactive power.

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ECE 230 Circuit Analysis

[2] Define RMS (effective) value in regards to a periodic waveform. [3] Calculate the RMS value for a given periodic waveform. [3] For a load connected to a non-ideal AC source, determine the required load impedance for maximum power transfer. [3] Calculate the complex power, average power, reactive power, and power factor for circuits containing R, L, and/or C elements with voltage and/or current sources. [3] Use the concept of the conservation of AC power in circuit analysis. [3] For a given circuit and constraints, determine the circuit modifications required to operate at a specified power factor. Coupled Inductors and Transformers [2] Define self-inductance, mutual inductance, coefficient of coupling, linear transformer, ideal transformer, primary, secondary, step-up, step-down, isolation transformer. [4] Compare the behavior of the linear transformer model to the behavior of the ideal transformer model. [3] For a given excitation polarity, determine the polarity of voltage and/or current in coupled inductors using the dot convention. [3] For coupled inductors, determine the induced voltages. [3] Analyze a circuit containing a linear transformer. [2] State the underlying assumptions for an ideal transformer. [2] State the equations relating turns ratio, voltage, and current in an ideal transformer. [3] Analyze a circuit containing an ideal transformer. [3] Calculate the reflected impedance across an ideal transformer. [3] Use an ideal transformer to achieve maximum power transfer between a nonideal source and a load impedance. Frequency Response and Filters [2] Define transfer function, pole, zero, gain, phase shift, frequency response, lowpass, high-pass, band-pass, band-reject, passband, stopband, critical frequency, passive filter, active filter, ideal filter. [3] For a given ideal filter, determine the steady-state output for a given input. [3] For a given circuit, determine the transfer function. [3] For a given transfer function, determine the corresponding gain (magnitude) and phase shift (angle) functions. [3] For a given transfer function, determine the steady-state output for a given input. [3] For a given first-order (active or passive) LPF/HPF circuit, determine the transfer function and critical frequency. [3] For a given first-order (active or passive) LPF/HPF, determine the steady-state output for a given input. [3] Design a first-order (active or passive) LPF/HPF to implement a given transfer function.

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