Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ABSTRACT The disposal of waste tyres is becoming a major waste management problem in the world at the moment. It is estimated that 1.2 billions of waste tyre rubber produced globally in a year. It is estimated that 11% of postconsumer tyres are exported and 27% are sent to landfill, stockpiled or dumped illegally and only 4% is used for civil engineering projects. Hence efforts have been taken to identify the potential application of waste tyres in civil engineering projects. In this essence, our present study aims to investigate the optimal use of waste tyre rubber crumbs as coarse aggregate in concrete composite. A total of 6 cubes are casted of M25 grade by replacing 20 percent of tyre aggregate with coarse aggregate and compared with regular M25 grade concrete. Fresh and hardened concretesuch as workability, compressive strength were identified.
Introdution:
The scarcity and availability at reasonable rates of sand and aggregates lead to invent the new materials with their replacement. The new materials should not be much expensive than what we have now or else it would be somewhat again cannot be replaceable because every cannot use it. The material should be economical and affordably available. So, from number of years the experiments have been going on to replace partially or completely by the solid wastes which cannot harm the construction and gives same strength as the regular aggregate. Discarded rubber tyres, plastic waste, rice husk, fly ash etc, are some of the waste materials can partially replaced by the coarse or fine aggregate. The rubber aggregate from discarded tyre rubber is one of the waste material which can be used to partially replace natural aggregate in sizes 20-10mm, 104.75mm and 4.75 down can be partially replaced. About one crore ten lakhs all types of new vehicles are added each year to the Indian roads. The increase of about three crores discarded tyres. The disposal of which each year pose a potential threat to environment.
preview
Slump:
It was observed slump decreases with increase rubber content by total aggregates volume, the results show that at rubber content 20% by total aggregates volume. The slump was normal and the concrete was workable. This mix was properly compacted because rubber having low unit weight and low interlocking capacity without proper mixing rubber cannot paired up with the concrete as natural aggregate.
Density:
The general density reduction was to be expected due to the low specific gravity of the rubber aggregates with respect to that of the natural aggregates. The reduction in density can be a desirable feature in a number of application, including architectural application such as nailing concrete, false facades, stone backing and interior construction as well as precast concrete, light weight hollow and solid blocks, slabs etc.
Air content:
The air content increases in rubber concrete mixture with increase amount of ground tyre rubber.
Plastic shrinkage:
The addition of rubber shreds to mortar reduced plastic shrinkage cracking compared to a control mortar. Despite their apparently weak bonding to the cement paste, rubber shreds provided sufficient restrain to prevent micro cracks from propagating.
Coarse aggregate:
Coarse aggregate of angular shape 20mm and 10mm sizes are mixed to increase the interlocking capacity. The most desirable fine-aggregate grading depends on the type of work, the richness of the mixture, and the maximum size of coarse aggregate. In leaner mixtures, or when small-size coarse aggregates are used, a grading that approaches the maximum recommended percentage passing each sieve is desirable for workability. In general, if the water-cement ratio is kept constant and the ratio of fine-to-coarse aggregate is chosen correctly, a wide range in grading can be used without measurable effect on strength. However, the best economy will sometimes be achieved by adjusting the concrete mixture to suit the gradation of the local aggregates.
Type of material: 20mm c.a Wt. of sample taken for testing: 2kg
IS sieve
% passing observed 100 89 7.5 0 As per IS-383 100 85-100 0-20 0-5
0 11 81.5 7.5
0 11 92.5 100
Type of material: 10mm c.a Wt. of sample taken for testing: 1kg
IS sieve
0 10 80 10
0 10 90 100
Fine aggregate:
The shape surface texture, angularity and grading of the fine aggregate used in Portland cement concrete mixtures significantly effect the workability, strength and performance of the concrete mixtures in service. Shape,surface texture, angularity are the results of the interaction of the nature, structure, and texture of the rock of which the particles consist and the forces to which they were subjected during and after formation of the particles. 1.when rock is crushed it generally breaks along the inter faces between the mineral crystals making up the rock.this is where the binding is weakest. 2.it is difficult to produce particles having a cubical shape from astrong homogeneous rock such as fine graned trap rock (or) basalt. Homogeneous rock trends to disintegrate into flakes. Sedimentary rocks commonly are laminated and the strength of the material is lower in one direction than in others. 3.the rock tends to form slabby particles. Rock having closely spaced partings (or) cleavages in one of two directions produce flat or elongated particles. Type of material: sand fine aggregate wt. of sample taken for testing: 0.5kg
IS sieve
% passing observed As per IS-383 100 100 96.6 90-100 92.4 75-100 79.2 55-90 39 35-59 18.2 80-30 0 0-10
Exposure condition extreme Type of aggregate crushed angular aggregate Maximum cement content -445.58kg/m3 Replacement of rubber aggregate crushed square aggregate
For 20mm maximum size aggregate sand conforming to grading zone 11 water content per cubic metre of concrete = 186kg
10
sand content as percentage of total aggregate by obsolute volume = 35% adjustment is regular.
change in condition percent adjustment water content required sand in total aggregate for decrease in water cement ratio by (0.60-0.50) 0 -1 (0.60-0.50) that is 0.10 for increase in compacting factor 3 0 (0.9-0.8) i.e, 0.1 for sand conforming to zone 3 of 0 -1.5 table 4, IS 383 - 1970 TOTAL 3 -2.5
Therefore required sand content as percentage of total aggregate by absolute volume = 35 4.9 = 30.1% Required water content = 186 + 5.58 =191.6 l/m3
11
cement
12
13
14
15
16
17
18