Subscriber Switching Subsystem-5

AXE 10 System Testing 1
Access: PSTN, ISDN, V5 Subscriber Switching Subsystem
1. Introduction to access network

1.1
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Subscriber Switch introduction

2.1 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.4 2.5
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Functions in SSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Accesses in SSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Switching Function in SSS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Maintenance functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 SSS in the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 EMG Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 The speech path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 The control path. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Interworking subsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3. Analogue Subscriber Access

3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.4 3.4.1 3.5 3.6 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Analogue Subscriber Access, LSM-ANSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Function Units in LSM-ANSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The LSM-ANSA magazine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analogue Line Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Definition of an LSM-ANSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecting a subscriber line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The hardware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subscriber number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subscriber categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subscriber services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Documentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Function Blocks in ANSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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36 36 36 39 40 42 43 43 43 44 46 46 47 49
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Subscriber Switch
4. ISDN Accesses
4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5 4.2.6 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.3.5 4.3.6 4.4
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51 52 53 53 54 56 56 60 61 62 66 67 69 70 73 78 79 81
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subscriber equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reference Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basic Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Function units in LSM-BA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The LSM-BA magazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Main Function Blocks for Basic Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Definition of an LSM-BA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connection of subscriber for BA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BA-E Subscriber connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ISDN Primary Rate Access, PRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Function Units in LSM-PRA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The LSM-PRA magazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Function blocks for PRA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connection of an LSM-PRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connection of a PRA Subscribers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRA (E) - Connection of users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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1. Introduction to access network
1.1 General
Access Network (AN) is a system implemented between the local exchange (LE) and the user, replacing part or the whole of the local line distribution network. The AXE supports a wide range of access products that can be deployed by network operators to meet the service, bandwidth and mobility requirements of subscribers as economically and flexibly as possible. The AN functions that comply to certain requirements of the LE are implemented in several AXE subsystems supporting the following:
Analogue Subscriber Access, where analogue subscriber lines and analogue PABX are directly connected to the subscriber stage.
Remote PSTN Subscriber Access, where analogue subscriber lines are

connected via an Access Unit (AU) to the subscriber stage
Direct PSTN Access to GSN AM adapted ISDN-E and non AM adapted ISDN Basic Access (BA)
lines (2B+D). PSTN over ISDN BA is also supported by ISDN-E accesses.
AM adapted ISDN-E and non AM adapted ISDN Primary Rate Access

(PRA) lines (30B+D)
V5.2 Single Link interface (PSTN and ISDN-E/ISDN BA) ACCESS 910 Internet Access
The AXE access interfaces are realised in the hardware as shown below.
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Subscriber Switch
ACCESS HARDWARE IN LE
2 wire PSTN V5.1/V5.2 SL 2B+D (BA) 2 wire PSTN V5.1/V5.2 SL 2B+D (BA) 30B+D (PRA) CAS-LSM
CSS LSM LSM LSM LSM LSM SE MTU FSK ETC
RSS LSM LSM LSM LSM LSM SE MTU
30B+D (PRA) CAS-LSM
RPG
GSS GSS
CSK CSR KRDD
ETC ETC ETC ETC ETC CAS ETC 30B+D (PRA) ETC
Figure 1.1
Access hardware in Local Exchange, LE
The ISDN(E) accesses requires a large signalling proccesing capacity in AXE. Therefore the GAM platform is implemented to by-pass the signalling from the EMRPDs. The data communication in AXE is performed either through the speech channels or the signalling channel. The packet data in the subscriber D-channel are separated from the signalling data, concentrated and transmitted over semi-permanently connected BD-channels to Packet Handler(s) outside AXE. The BD-channels can be also be switched or dynamically provisioned by the Packet Handler. The data communication functionality is implemented mainly in the set of part BA, PRA, V5 and FH. As shown in the figure above, most of accesses are implemented in SSS. The digital subscriber stage concentrates and digitally multiplexes traffic from subscriber into first order PCM systems towards the digital group switch GSN. Conversion between signalling on the various types of subscriber accesses and the internal signalling in APT is performed in SSS hardware and software. SSS also provides operation and maintenance functions for the subscriber accesses and hardware equipment included in SSS. The Analogue Subscriber Access, ANSA, is the part of the SSS which terminates analogue subscriber lines and analogue PBX lines. ANSA also contains equipment and functions to interface to the subscriber special equipment, for example, private meter and coin box.
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Introduction to access network
The access may consists of units (AU) that is the equipment where analogue subscriber lines are remotely connected to the subscriber stage.The AU is connected to the subscriber stage via a 2048kbit/s PCM line. The Digital PSTN access is a Direct PBX Access (DPA) to the GS. DPA is the part of the SSS handling the Private Branch Exchanges (PBX) connections when the subscriber switch concentration is not required. Channel Associated Signalling (CAS) is used in the case of digital connection and DC loop signalling is used in the case of analogue connection.
The ISDN BA access is a user access towards ISDN subscribers. The BA is consists of two 64kbit/s B-channels for transmission of speech/data and one 16kbit/s D-channel for transfer of signalling information. The D-channel uses a layered protocol according to ETSI. The ISDN PRA access consists of thirty 64kbit/s B-channels for transfer of speech/data and one 64kbit/s D-channel for signalling. The D-channel uses a layered protocol according to ETSI. In the AXE, a GAM RP is used to convey the D-channel signalling to CP.
The V5 interfaces are standardised open interfaces in AXE following ETSI standards and are used for the connection of other Access Networks (AN). They use 2048 kbit/s links and in AXE Local exchange the links are connected to either the CSS or the RSS. Both PSTN and ISDN Basic Access can be connected and they can be mixed within the same V5 interface. AXE supports both the V5.1 and V5.2 Single Link interfaces. Compared with V5.1, the V5.2 Single Link can also handle concentration in the access network.
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Subscriber Switch
V 5.1 and V5.2 SL interface in AXE
V5.1 OR V5.2 SL ISDN BA PSTN
Access Access Node Node
RSS RSS
ETC ETC RPG RPG GSS
V5.1 OR V5.2 SL ISDN BA PSTN
Access Access Node Node
RSS RSS
ETC ETC
RPG RPG
Figure 1.2
V5.1 and V5.2 SL interface in AXE
The V5 interface implementation has a structure similar to the ISDN PRA implementation. The C-channels (Communication channels) are used for signalling and are permanently connected from the LSM via the Group Switch to the Regional Processor with Group Switch interface (RPG). The RPG works as a signalling terminal for the V5 protocols, PSTN and ISDN protocols. The RPG is connected to the Group Switch via a DL2 interface in BYB 202 while the BYB 501 realised RPG2 is connected via a DL3 line. Each LSM can have up to four V5 interfaces depending on traffic load. Existing Regional Processor Devices (RPDs) can still be used. However, RPDs cannot exist in the same pool as RPGs. Separate pools have to be defined.
ACCESS 910 is a new node offering PSTN and ISDN user connection. It is connected to the exchange via V5 interface. The reduced footprint and the open connectivity (can be connected not only to AXE but to any node offering V5.1 interface) are its main features.
The Internet Access System (IAS), Central Access Server 2.0 is the key component for the dial-up internet access. Internet is a growing part of the IT. With the rapid developments in telecommunications, it is important that network operators use the Internet to offer services to the users. Through the AXE, the following can be can achieved by the operator:
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Introduction to access network
Offering Internet services as an Internet Service Provider (ISP) Providing access for subscribers to other ISPs Allowing Internet traffic and other telecommunications traffic to complement one another
Carrying Internet and other data traffic

Since the Internet traffic can cause congestion within the circuit switched network, the Internet access implementation in Ericsson is based on the separation and by-pass of the Internet traffic from telephony traffic. The AXE -IAS-C communication is specified by a call control protocol, the Etheric 1.0.
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Subscriber Switch
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Subscriber Switch introduction
2. Subscriber Switch introduction
Chapter Objectives
After completing this chapter the participant will be able to: Describe how SSS is implemented in AXE. Describe the different functions in SSS. Describe the structure of SSS.
Figure 2.1
Chapter Objectives
2.1 Introduction
The AXE 10 Local Exchange contains, among other things, functions for different accesses and services. The Subscriber Switching Subsystem, SSS, provides the interface between the subscribers in a fixed network and the rest of the functions in an exchange. The SSS contains hardware and software to handle normal telephony and ISDN subscriber access. Only exchanges with subscribers have an SSS; an international or a transit exchange would not normally have an SSS. The access for the subscribers are implemented in AXE by three different subsystems:
Subscriber Switching Subsystem (SSS) - this provide the interface

between the subscriber and the rest of the exchange
Subscriber Control Subsystem (SCS) - this coordinates traffic functions

between SSS and the Traffic Control Subsystem (TCS) as well as providing access to supplementary services. This description will in primary describe the subsystem SSS.
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Subscriber Switch
SSS is a subsystem which interworks with many other subsystems in AXE, e.g. TCS, SCS, SUS.
SSS
GSS
GSS SSS
Group Switching Subsystem Subscriber Switching Subsystem
Figure 2.2
SSS provides the interface between the subscriber and the exchange
2.2 Functions in SSS

The Subscriber Switching Subsystem contains the following main functions:
Access Switching Subscriber line signalling Power feed Concentration Maintenance
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ACCESS
SWITCHING
PSTN
BA
NT SSS
ISDN PRA ISDN-PRA PABX IAS
DIP to GSS
V5.1 interface
ISDN PRA / V5 Interface
MAINTENANCE
PSTN ISDN BA PRA ISDN PABX Public Switched Telephony Network Integrated Services Digital Network Basic Access Primary Rate Access ISDN Private Automatic Branch Exchange DIP GSS SSS SP RSM IAS Digital Path Group Switching Subsystem Subscriber Switching Subsystem Source Products Remote Subscriber Multiplexer Internet Access Server
Figure 2.3
Access overview
2.2.1
Accesses in SSS
SSS provides different types of access for subscribers, i.e. analogue access from Public Switched Telephony Network (PSTN), Basic and Primary Rate Access from Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) as well as Integrated Access. With Integretad Access Systems we mean features like Private Automatic Branch Exchanges, business cordless telephone system based on DECT (European standard), radio access system (RAS 1000) etc.
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11
Subscriber Switch
As mentioned earlier, SSS contains functions for handling different types of accesses connected to the subscriber switch. The term access is used to describe the interface to which the subscriber is connected. The accesses that will be discussed in this module are:
ANSA, ANalogue Subscriber Access, POTS with analogue ordinary

Telephony subscriber lines and Analogue PBX.
BA, Basic Access (2B+D) ISDN. PRA, Primary Rate Access (30B+D) ISDN.
The main function of SSS when giving access to a subscriber is to set up a speech connection between two subscribers. To achieve this the digital Subscriber Switch must be able to carry out some telephony functions such as:
Analog/Digital conversion. The conversion is performed for the subscribers that are analog connected to the SSS, because the Subscriber Switch is digital.
Subscriber Line Signalling to send and receive at the Subscriber

Switch. The signals are on/off hook, dial pulses, tones from keyset telephones, control tones e g busy tone, and ringing signals.
Power feed is supplied by the Subscriber Switch to all subscribers that

has direct access to SSS.
2.2.2
Switching Function in SSS

During the call set-up, the subscriber is normally allocated a path from the subscriber stage to the Group Switch. This function is called switching. Each subscriber connected to the SSS has permanent access to a channel of his own in the internal PCM system of the Subscriber Switch.
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SSS GSS
Time Switch
Internal PCM System
External PCM System
GSS SSS PCM
Group Switching Subsystem Subscriber Switching Subsystem Pulse Code Modulation
Figure 2.4
Switching n SSS
The subscribers speech or data can be either switched internally within the Subscriber Switch or directed towards the Group Switch. The switching functions in SSS is handled by the Time Switch unit. One effect of the switching function is that the number of subscriber lines can be larger than the number of speech connections to the Group Swith. This is the normal circumstance in a live exchange because all subscribers connected to the SSS do not generate traffic at the same time. It saves a lot of not installed equipment and channels in the GSS. The SSS is diveded into extension module groups (EMGs). Each EMG can access a maximum of 2048 subscribers. If the EMG is connected to the GSS with a maximum of 32 PCM lines, which together have a capacity of approximately 1000 channels , almost 50 % of the subscribers can have access to the GSS simultaneously.
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13
Subscriber Switch
SSS
Max 2040 PSTN Subscribers
EMG GSS
Min. 2, and up to max24 E1 Links

GSS SSS EMG Group Switching Subsystem Subscriber Switching Subsystem Extension Module Group
Figure 2.5
Concentration in SSS
The Subscriber Switch concentrates traffic from many subscriber lines on two (minimum) up to 32 Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) links towards the Group Switch. In the opposite direction, from GSS to the subscriber lines, the traffic is expanded. The PCM lines between the Subscriber Switch and the Group Switch are called System Lines.
2.2.3
Maintenance functions
The maintenance function in SSS supervises all internal and external SSS interfaces and the time switches (which are included in the switch function). For the Switching function, some function blocks in SSS handle supervision of the Time Switches. These blocks analyse the error signals which are sent from the hardware, initiate automatic blocking of fault suspected units as well as sending of alarms and handling of command initiated tests. These function blocks are not particular to the type of access in SSS. There are maintenance and management function groups responsible for each type of access. Each group consists of a set of function blocks taking care of a specific access type (see figure 1.4). One of the main functions of these management blocks is to handle the testing of subscriber lines.
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Access Functions ANSA
Maintenance Functions MANSA
BA
MBA
PRA
MPRA
ANSA BA PRA
Analogue Subscriber Access MANSA MBA Basic Access MPRA Primary Rate Access
Maintenance for ANSA Maintenance for BA Maintenance for PRA
Figure 2.6
Function Groups for Maintenance of the accesses in SSS
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15
Subscriber Switch
2.3 SSS in the Network

One of the requirements of SSS is that the size of the subscriber switch must be variable, therefore the whole Subscriber switch has been divided into modules. These modules are called Extension Module Groups (EMGs). The number of EMGs connected to the exchange depends on the number of subscribers and type of accesses. When the exchange is installed, or extended by more EMGs, the EMGs are given names that reflect their location.The EMGs are connected to the Group Switch by means of PCM links (2 Mbit/s). As the figure below shows, EMGs can be located in two different ways in the network:
Centrally located, close to the Group Switch, in the exchange. In this

case it is called Central Subscriber Switch (CSS) or Local Subscriber Switch (LSS).
Remotely Located, at a distance from the exchange. In this case it is

called Remote Subscriber Switch (RSS).
AXE Local Exchange SSS

CSS-0 PCM
EMG
CSS-n
EMG
GSS
RSS-0 PCM
EMG
RSS-n PCM
EMG
PCM GSS SSS
Pulse Code Modulation Group Switch Subsystem Subscriber Switch Subsystem
EMG CSS RSS
Extension Module Group Central Subscriber Switch Remote Subscriber Switch
Figure 2.7
Location of EMGs
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2.3.1
EMG Structure
One EMG consists mainly of Switch Modules for different types of accesses, both analogue and digital access. These modules are called Line Switch Modules, LSMs. In addition, equipment for testing the subscriber lines and special equipment for e.g. private metering can also be found in an EMG. Types of magazines in an EMG are:
Line Switch Modules for Analogue Subscriber Access, LSM-ANSA. Line Switch Modules for Basic Access, LSM-BA. Line Switch Modules for Primary Rate Access, LSM-PRA. Extension Switch Modules for integrated Accesses, Source Products and Remote Subscribers Multiplexers.
Special Equipment magazines for i.e. Coin Box and Private Metering. Subscriber Line Tester, SULT.
An EMG can be equipped with a combination of different types of LSM, SULT and Special Equipment. See an exampel in the figure below.
EMG
LSM-ANSA
LSM-BA
LSM-PRA
ESM
SE
SULT /MTU
Figure 2.8
LSM in an EMG
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Subscriber Switch
An EMG can be equipped with 32 LSMs. The first 16 (0 to15) are reserved for the telephony accesses like ANSA, BA, PRA etc. However, LSMs numbered from 16 to 31 are reserved for special equipment.
2.3.2
The speech path

The Time Switch The Switching in SSS is handled by the Time Switch, TS, function. In each LSM there is an Extension Module Time Switch (EMTS) allocated on a PCB called TSW. In the Time Switch, speech samples from the different kinds of the subscribers Line Interface Circuits (LIC) are connected to a free channel in a PCM line to the Group Switch in outgoing calls. As mentioned earlier, the Time Switch concentrates the traffic to the Group Switch and all LSMs does not necessarily have an own PCM line to the Group Switch. The switching in this case will be handled by the local TSs, using the Time Switch Bus (TSB) to reach an LSM magazine that is connected to the Group Switch with a PCM line. See figure below where calls from ISDN Private Automatic Branch Exchange must be switched to the Group Switch through one of the other to LSM magazines. In case of traffic between subscribers connected to the same EMG, no connection to the Group Switch is necessary. The switching will again be handled by the local TSs, using the Time Switch Bus (TSB) to get the LSM where the other subscriber is connected. However, the Group Switch provides additional supervision of speech and therefore most operators choose to have their calls routed through the Group Switch anyway.
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ACCESS
Switch Functions
ANSA LSM LIC LIC TSW JTC/ETB

To GSS
PCM
TSB BA LSM DLIC DLIC TSW JTC/ETB
PRA
ISPABX
LSM ETP ETP TSW JTC/ETB
ANSA BA PRA PRA IS PABX GSS LSM
Analogue Subscriber Access Basic Access Primary Rate Access Primary Rate Access ISDN Private Automatic Branch Exchange Group Switch Subsystem Line Switch Module
LIC DLIC ETP TSW TSB JTC ETB
Line Interface Circuit Digital Line Interface Circuit Exchange Terminal PRA Time Switch Time Switch Bus Junctor Terminal Circuit Exchange Terminal Board
Figure 2.9
Switch Functions in an EMG
Synchronization of an EMG All LSMs within an EMG have to be synchronized to each other and to the Group Switch. Therefore each TSW also contains a clock, an oscillator, which generates clock pulses used in synchronization of the Time Switch and other buses. This is handled by the function block Clock Distribution (CD). The TSWs are synchronised towards the Group Switch by defining two TSWs as Master Clocks. One TS is Master Executive and the other is Master Stand-by.
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Subscriber Switch
In a Remotely Located Subscriber Switch the incoming synchronization information is sent over channel 0 in the 32 channel PCM line from the Group Switch, see figure below. The Master Clock then synchronizes the Master-SB and all Slave TSWs within the same EMG by using the TSB. See figure below. LSM-0 TSW Master (EX) CD LSM-1 TSW Master (SB) CD TSB
8 kHz
ETB ETB
LSM-15 TSW Slave CD
Synchronization from Master Clock
PCM, Synchronization signals on time slot 0 from GSS

LSM TSW CD Line Switch Module Time Switch Clock Distribution ETB TSB Exchange Terminal board Time Switch Bus
Figure 2.10
Synchronization of a Centrally Located EMG
The Master-SB oscillator can be switched over to Master-Ex status automatically in a fault situation or manually by command EXTBC. The Time Switch Bus The Time Switch Bus, TSB, connects all the Time Switches in an EMG. The TSB is duplicated into TSB-A and TSB-B. One of the buses, A or B, is executing and the other is stand-by. The bus carries mainly speech information. To print the state of the TS and the TSB command STSTP is used, see figure below.
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<STSTP:EMG=LSS0,EMTS=ALL; DISTRIBUTED SWITCH STATE SURVEY TSB DATA EMG TSB TSBSTATE TSBBLS LSS0 TS-A SB TS-B EX EMTS DATA EMG EMTS EMTSSTATE EMTSBLS LSS0 TS-0 WORKING TS-2 WORKING TS-4 WORKING END Figure 2.11
EMTSCLSTATE M-EX SLAVE SLAVE
GSCONN YES YES NO
Printout of command STSTP
The Device Speech Bus Almost all units in the LSM are connected to the TSW via a bus. This bus is referred to as the DEVSB (Device Speech Bus). The DEVSB is divided into two branches, DEVSB-0 and DEVSB-1. These buses are in the back plane of the LSM. The figure below shows an example of units connected to the TSW by DEVSB in an LSM-ANSA.
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Subscriber Switch
LSM-0
PCM to GSS
LIB LIB
ETB/JTC KRC
DEVSB-0
TSB-A TSW TSB-B
DEVSB-1
LIB LIB
SLCT ETB/JTC
LSM-15 ETB/JTC KRC

DEVSB-0
LIB LIB
TSW
DEVSB-1
LIB LIB
SLCT
ETB/JTC
TSB TSW DEVSB ETB LIB
Time Switch Bus Time Switch Device Speech Bus Exchane Terminal Board Line Interface Board
JTC LIC SLCT KRC LSM
Junctor Terminal Circuit Line Interface Circuit Subscriber, Line and Circuit Tester Keyset code Receiver Circuit Line Switch Module
Figure 2.12
The speech buses
In the figure above we can see the advantage from using different speech buses, the DEVSB-0/1 and theTSB. If the subscriber connected to LSM15 wants to be connected through the Group Switch, there is no PCM line to the GSS. As mentioned earlier, the speech sample will be connected through the local Time Switch, via the TSB to a LSM magazine equipped with a PCM line. But what happens when the same subscriber lifts his handset?
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The Keyset code Receiver Circuit (KRC) is used for receiving tones from keyset telephones, and that PCB is also missing in LSM-15. Normally when a subscriber with a keyset telephone lifts his handset, the subscriber is connected to a KRC, which will receive the digits. The KRC contains eight individuals and these individuals can receive digits from eight subscribers simultaneously. Each Line Switch Module (LSM) can be equipped with one KRC board each, although the traffic volume does not normally require KRC boards in all LSMs. When a LSM is not equipped with a KRC board, the subscribers will be connected to KR individuals in another LSM magazine via the Time Switch Bus. The same thing will happen if all KR individuals in a particular Line Switch Module are occupied.
2.3.3
The control path

EMRP/EMRPD The control of the EMG is arranged into Extension Modules (EMs). Each LSM is defined as an EM. These Extension Modules, called EMRP or EMRPD in case of an LSM-BA, control the hardware units in each LSM and Special Equipment magazine. The EMRP/EMRPD contains regional software for the blocks that have hardware inside the LSM magazine.The EMRP states can be printed by command EXEPP and the regional software can be printed by command EXEDP (figure 1.11).
<EXEPP:EMG=LSS0,EM=ALL; EMGEM PROCESSOR CONTROL STATE EMG LSS0 EM 0 2 4 16 PROCESSOR A A A A TYPE EMRP3 EMRPD1 EMRP3 EMRP3 PATH A A A A STATE WORKING-EX WORKING-EX WORKING-EX WORKING-EX MAINT.STATE IDLE IDLE IDLE IDLE
END
Figure 2.13
Printout of the command EXEPP
03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
23
Subscriber Switch
<EXEDP:EMG=LSS0,EM=ALL; EMGEM SOFTWARE UNIT AND EQUIPMENT DATA EMG LSS0 EM 0 SUNAME TEETR EMGFDR REPER CDR JTR KR2R LIA1R SLCT1R SULAR SEPRMIR SSTONER TSR EMGFDR EDEXR LIBAR MHBAR MANBAR SLQCTR STL2R TSR CDR JTR SSTONER FHLR TEETR EMGFDR REPER TSR CDR LIPAR STR ETPRAR SSTONER TEETR EMGFDR REPER ACCSDR HOWLR SULTDR SUID 2/CAA 117 067/1 C R1A01 1400/CAA 117 054/1I R2A01 1000/CAA 117 081/1K R3A02 1D11/CAA 117 1062/M57A R2A01 1D11/CAA 117 1036/M57A R3A01 1DAB/CAA 117 1154/M83E R3A02 1966/CAA 117 1173/M83G R2A09 1969/CAA 117 1159/M83G R3A04 1D11/CAA 117 1100/M57D R2A03 1D11/CAA 117 1150/M57A R2A02 1966/CAA 117 1141/M83G R3A07 1966/CAA 117 1209/M83G R2A01 CAA 140 001 R4A02 CAA 140 006 R7A50 303/CAA 147 001/M57F R8A02 304/CAA 147 026/M57L R2A01 966/CAA 147 013/M83E R5A01 300/CAA 147 005/M57B R2A01 500/CAA 140 105/M57L R4A/1 966/CAA 147 028/M83E R1A02 300/CAA 147 021/M57H R2A04 300/CAA 147 027/M57D R1A02 966/CAA 147 003/M83E R3A06 500/CAA 140 103/M57L R2A03 2/CAA 117 067/1 C R1A01 1400/CAA 117 054/1I R2A01 1000/CAA 117 081/1K R3A02 1966/CAA 117 1209/M83G R2A01 1D11/CAA 117 1062/M57A R2A01 1D11/CAA 117 1183/M57K R3A01 1DAA/CAA 117 1212/M83C R1A04 1304/CAA 117 1187/M83G R2A05 1966/CAA 117 1141/M83G R3A07 2/CAA 117 067/1 C R1A01 1400/CAA 117 054/1I R2A01 1000/CAA 117 081/1K R3A02 1D11/CAA 117 1092/M57A R1A04 1D11/CAA 117 1013/M57A R2A02 1D11/CAA 117 1121/M57A R2A02 EQM
CD-0 JT-0&&-63 KR2-0&&-7 LI-0&&-127 SLCT-0 SULA-0&&-127 SEPRMI-0&&-127 SSTONE-0 TS-0 LIBA MHBA-0 MANBA-0 SLQCT STL2 TS-2 CD-1 JT-128&&-191 SSTONE-2 FHL-0
TS-4 CD-2 LIPA-0&&-127 ST-0&&-3 ETPRA-0&&-3 SSTONE-4
16
ACCSD-0 HOWL-0&&-3 SULTD-0
END Figure 2.14
Printout of command EXEDP
There are four different LSMs defined in the Extension Module Group (EMG) called LSS0 as seen in the two printouts above. All regional processors, EMRP and EMRPD, is working normally. The first EM is EMRP0 and the type of processor is an EMRP3. The magazine is an ordinary LSM-ANSA with analogue subscribers connected to Line Interface Circuits since the regional software LIa1R is loaded. The second EM, EMRP-2, has another processor called EMRPD1. The last letter D stands for digital and the processor uses regional software pro24 03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
grammed in language C++. The magazine is a LSM-BA, Basic Access (2B+D) with ISDN subscribers connected to the Digital Line Interface Circuits. The regional software that gives this access is called LIBAR. The third EM, EMRP-4, is a LSM-Primary Rate Access magazine (30B+D) that connects the ISDN Private Automatic Branch Exchanges via a 32 channel PCM link to the PCB ETP (Exchange Terminal PRA). The regional software that givis this access is called ETPRAR. The last EM, EMRP-16, is a Subscriber Line Tester magazine. This magazine performs automatic subscriber line tests or tests initiated by command. Device Processor EMRP/EMRPD communication with the CP use standard operation and test points. These are a set of operation points which tell the CP what state the EMRP is in. This data is checked at regular intervals. When changes are made the operation points are correspondingly changed.
03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
25
Subscriber Switch
LSM (EM=0)
LIB-15 LIB-0 TSW ETB/JTC
DP DP
SLCT
DP DEVCB
KRC
DP
EMRPB-A EMRP POU EMRPB-B
REU
DP
DP
LSM(EM=15)
LIB-15 LIB-0 TSW ETB/JTC
DP DP
SLCT
DP DEVCB
KRC
DP
EMRP
DP
DP
REU
POU RPBC / STRP
EMRP EMRPB DEVCB RPBC STRP EM POU
Extension Module Regional Processor Extension Module Regionl Processor Bus Device Control Bus Regional Processor Bus Converter Signalling Terminal Remote Processor Extension Module Power Unit
JTC LIC SLCT KRC TSW LIB REU LSM
Junctor Terminal Circuit Line Interface Crcuit Subscriber, Line and Circuit Tester Key Set Receiver Time Switch Line Interface Board Ringing Generator Unit Line Switch Module
Figure 2.15
EMRP connection
When ordering changes in operation points, i.e. subscriber lifts the handset, when additional hardware or other changes are detected, the Device Processors (DP) in the LSM assist the EMRP. There is one DP per circuit board in the LSM (except for the Ringing Generator Unit, REU, and the Power Units, POU, which do not have DP) that handles the units located on that board. The DP contains a simple program which is only capable of analysing changes in the hardware. Each change is reported to the EMRP. The Device Processors are connected to the EMRP by means of the DEVCB. The Extension Module Regional Processor Bus The EMRPs in an EMG are all connected to two Extension Module Regional Processor Buses, EMRPB-A and EMRPB-B. The EMRPBs are connected to either an RPBC, Regional Processor Bus Converter, or an
26 03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
STRP, Signalling Terminal Remote Processor. This depends on whether the EMG is centrally or remotely located. The main task of the RPBC and the STRP is to convert the format of the signals from one bus to a format used on another bus. RSS Control The Signalling Terminal Central (STC) is located in the local exchange. The Signalling Terminal Remote Processor(STRP), located in the RSS site as a PCB in the LSM magazine. In older applications the signal conversion toke place in a magazine called Signalling Terminal Remote (STR) but is today replaced with the STRP. The STRP is used for processing the control signals between the EMRPs in the Remote Stage and the STC/CP in the parent exchange. The EMRP communicates with the CP on channel 16 in a 32-channel PCM system. For security reasons the control sihnalling link (CLC) is duplicated. The information that is sent on these CLCs includes register signals, maintanence information, loading of regional programs in EMRPs program store, etc. The control signalling path from the CP to an RSS when signalling conversion is implemented in the LSM magazine is as follows: CP- STC - ETC- PCM (time slot 16)- ETB- STRP- EMRPB- EMRP
The control path for an RSS using STRP is illustrated in the figure below.
03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
27
Subscriber Switch
RSS LSM
16
ETB EMRP LSM ETB EMRP LSM
PCM LINK
ETC
GSS
16
ETC
PCM LINK
EMRP
EMRPB-A/B
STC-G STR
STC-G
STC RPB-A RPB-B
STC
CP-B CP-A
EMRP EMRPB STRP STC LSM PCM
Extension Module Regional Processor Extension Module Regionl Processor Bus Signalling Terminal Remote Processor Signslling Terminal Central Line Switch Module Pulse Code Modulation
ETB ETC CP-A CP-B RPB RSS
Exchange Terminal Board Exchange Terminal Circuit Central Processor A side Central Processor B side Regional Processor Bus Remote Subscriber Switch
Figure 2.16
The control path between CP and RSS
28
03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
CSS control In the Central Subscriber Stage STRP and STC are combined into one unit called the Regional Bus Converter (RPBC). The communication between the CP and the EMRPs will take the following path: CP - RPB - RPBC - EMRPB - EMRP This is illustrated in the figure below. In the CSS there is no transfer of control signals over the PCM links and all channels on the link can be used for traffic. CSS LSM JTC
EMRPB-A/B PCM
GSS
EMRP
LSM
JTC EMRP
PCM
LSM EMRP
RPBC RPB-A RPB-B CP-B CP-A

EMRP EMRPB RPBC CSS PCM GSS Extension Module Regional Processor Extension Module Regionl Processor Bus Regional Processor Bus Converter Central Subscriber Switch Pulse Code Modulation Group Switching Subsystem JTC LSM CP-A CP-B RPB Junctor Terminal Circuit Line Switch Module Central Processor A side Central Processor B side Regional Processor Bus
Figure 2.17
The control path between CP and CSS
03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
29
Subscriber Switch
The Control Signalling Link The control path between the STRP and the STC, and between the RPBC and the EMRP, is handled by means of a software EM module in the STC/ RPBC. It is referred to as the Control Signalling Link, CLC. The CLC is always defined as EM=1. Some useful printout commands are shown in the figures below.
<EXEGP:EMG=ALL; EMG DATA EMG RSS0 LSS0 END TYPE REMOTE REMOTE CENTRAL CENTRAL SIDE A B A B RP 52 56 32 33 LINK CLC-2 CLC-3 CLC-0 CLC-1 ST WO BL WO WO STR TYPE STR2C STR2C RPBC2C RPBC2C MAST IDLE IDLE IDLE IDLE EMGNUM 1 1 0 0
Figure 2.18
Printout of command EXEGP
<EXEMP:RP=52,EM=ALL; EM DATA RP 52 END TYPE STC2C EM 1 EQM CLC-2 TWIN CNTRL PRIM PP STATE WO
Figure 2.19
Printout of command EXEMP
<EXCLP:EQM=ALL; CONTROL SIGNALLING LINK DATA EQM 0 1 2 END STATE WORKING WORKING WORKING RPADDR 32 33 52 DEV SPEED 64 64 64
RT-16
Figure 2.20
Printout of command EXCLP
30
03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
2.4 Interworking subsystems

The Subscriber Switching Subsystem interworks with many subsystems in AXE. The most important of them are:
SCS, Subscriber Control Subsystem, for traffic control and Traffic

administration of supplementary service functions for subscribers connected to SSS. The main task is to handle the traffic control functions while SSS is to handle the connection functions. At an earlier stage SSS had both functions. SSS became to large and that is the reason why SSS was split in two parts; SSS and SCS. Some of the function blocks in SCS will further on be presented in the chapters Analogue Subscriber Access and ISDN Access .
SUS, Subscriber Services Subsystem, for provision of subscriber services.
TCS, Traffic Control Subsystem, for traffic handling and administration to and from the SSS.
GSS, Group Switch Subsystem, for connection and disconnection of

originating or terminating speech paths from or to the SSS.
OMS, Operation and Maintenance Subsystem, for handling operation

and maintenance.
STS, Statistics and Traffic Measurement Subsystem, for collection of

statistics.
CHS, Charging Subsystem, for charging purposes and activation of
03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
31
Subscriber Switch
subscriber charging purposes.
OMS
STS
SCS
CHS
SSS
SUS
TCS
GSS
SSS CHS GSS TCS
Subscriber Switching Subsystem Charging Subsystem Group Switch Subsystem Traffic Control Subsystem
SUS SCS STS OMS
Subscriber Services Subsystem Subscriber Control Subsystem Statistics and Traffic Measurement Subsystem Operation and Maintenance Subsystem
Figure 2.21
Interworking Subsystems with SSS
2.5 Summary
SSS provides different types of access for subscribers, i.e. analogue
access (PSTN), Basic and Primary Rate Access (ISDN).
The subscribers speech or data can be either switched internally within

the subscriber switch or directed towards the group switch
The switching functions in SSS is handled by the Time Switch unit. The maintenance function in SSS supervises all internal and external
SSS interfaces and the Time Switch units.
The Subscriber Stage is built of a number of Extension Modules

Groups (EMG).
An EMG can be centrally (CSS) or remotely (RSS) located. An EMG consists of Line Switch Modules (LSM). In addition, equipment for testing the subscriber lines and special equipment for e.g. private metering can also be found in an EMG.
The TSB (Time Switch Bus) connects all the Time Switches in an
EMG.
The DEVSB (Device Speech Bus) connects all units involved in the
32 03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
speech path in the LSM.
The control of the EMG is arranged into EMRP/EMRPD. The EMRP/

EMRPD contains regional software for the blocks that have any hardware inside the LSM magazine.
The EMRPB (Extension Module Regional Bus) connects all EMRP/

EMRPDs in an EMG.
The control path from the CP to an RSS is: CP - STC - ETC - PCM ETB - STRP - EMRPB - EMRP.
The control path from the CP to an CSS is: CP - RPB - RPBC EMRPB - EMRP.
The Control Signalling Link is the link between the STC and STRP in
an RSS and the link within the magazine RPBC in a CSS.
03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
33
Subscriber Switch
34
03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
3. Analogue Subscriber Access
Chapter Objectives
After completing this chapter the participant will be able to: Describe the hardware of LSM-ANSA. Connect an LSM-ANSA in the exchange. Connect an analogue subscriber. Change a subscribers categories.
Figure 3.1
Chapter Objectives
03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
35
Subscriber Switch
3.1 Introduction
This chapter describes the analogue subscriber access which includes:
Hardware structure of LSM-ANSA. Connection of an LSM-ANSA. Connection of ordinary analogue subscriber line. Change of subscriber categories. Analogue Private Branch Exchange, PBX.
EMG (CSS/RSS)
2 wires Max. 128 Analogue subscriber Lines/LSM

L L I I B B
LSM-0
LSM-ANSA
LSM-15
AA LL BB
LSM-ANSA
PBX
Figure 3.2
The analogue subscriber access.
3.2 The Analogue Subscriber Access, LSM-ANSA

3.2.1 Function Units in LSM-ANSA
Analogue subscriber lines for both Public Ordinary Telephony Subscribers (POTS) and analogue Private Branch Exchanges (PBX) are connected to Line Interface Circuits (LICs) allocated on Line Interface Boards (LIB) or Analogue Line Boards (ALB) in the LSM Magazine, see figure above. A maximum of 128 LICs can be housed in the LSM-ANSA. An EMG can have a maximum of 16 LSMs reserved for subscribers. This means that a maximum of 2048 analogue subscriber lines can be connected to one EMG (fully equipped with LSM-ANSAs only).
36 03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
Analogue Subscriber Access
The LICs are allocated either on Line Interface Boards (LIBs) or Analogue Line Boards (ALBs). The type of boards depend on the variant of the LSM magazine, which will be discussed later in this chapter. The hardware of LSM-ANSA consists of many hardware units (PCBs) which offer different functions. The main units and their functions are described in the text below.Note that the ETB/JTC and the KRC are optional units, and that STRP only can be implemented in a remotely installed LSM.
LSM
LIC 0&&3 LIC 4&&7 TSW
KRC
LIC 124&&127 SLCT STRP
ETB
REU
EMRP
POW
Figure 3.3
The hardware of an LSM-ANSA
1.
TSW, Time Switch
This switch is a digital time switch and all the telephony units in the LSM, as well as the Time Switch Bus, are connected to the switch. The Time Switch has got 768 inlets and outlets since there are 512 channels on the Time Switch Bus and 128 channels on each Device Speech Bus. This Time Switch is also called Extension Module Time Switch (EMTS) and is congestion-free. It also contains functions for generation of tones and attenuation of audio signals (e.g. attenuation of tones). 2. Clock The clock in the LSM supplies the internal buses and the Time Switch with synchronization. The clocks are synchronized from the Group Switch
03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1 37
Subscriber Switch
and consist of a voltage controlled oscillator. The clock is located on the TSW PCB. 3. ETB or JTC ETB, Exchange Terminal Board, is used if the subscriber switch is used as a Remote Subscriber Switch, RSS. This board is the interface towards the PCM line and it contains functions similar to the ones in an ordinary ETC. JTC, Junctor Terminal Circuit, is the interface towards the Group Switch if the subscriber switch is installed locally. These units, ETB or JTC, are connected to the Time Switch. In each LSM, up to two ETB/JTC can be installed and each are connected to a 32 channel PCM. 4. KRC, Keyset code Reception Circuit This unit is connected to the Time Switch and it is used to receive the digits when sent from keyset telephones. The number of KRCs per EMG depend on the number of push buttom telephones. For the LSMs not having a KRC of their own, the Time Switch Bus can be used to connect the subscribers with an idle KRC in another LSM as was described earlier. 5. LIC, Line Interface Circuit Up to 128 LICs can be housed in one LSM magazine. The LICs are connected to the TSW via the two internal speech buses, DEVSB-0 and DEVSB-1. The LICs are allocated either on Line Interface Boards (LIBs) or Analogue Line Boards (ALBs). A more detailed description of the different units at the ALB will be presented further on in this chapter. 6. REU, Ringing Generator Unit In each LSM, there is a Ringing Generator which generates the ringing current towards the subscriber. The Ringing current is connected to the subscriber line via a relay in the Line Interface Circuit. 7. SLCT, Subscriber Line and Circuit Tester This unit is responsible for various tests of the subscriber lines and the LICs in the LSM. The SLCT can be connected to the Line Interface Circuits via a relay on the LIC. Both routine and command-initiated tests are performed by the SLCT. 8. EMRP, Extension Module Regional Processor The EMRP is the controlling and processing unit in the magazine. It contains regional software units to all the blocks that have any hardware in the LSM . In addition, the EMRP contains software for various APZ functions (e.g. operating system software and the fault detection in the EMRP). 9. STRP, Signalling Terminal Remote Processor The STRP is responsible for the handling and transferring of control signalling information such as charging info, operation and maintenance etc. It is data transferred between the remote unit and the host. 10. Power unit
38
03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
The power unit in the LSM magazine converts the -48V, distributed from the rack, to the required voltage (+5V, -5V and +12V).
3.2.2
The LSM-ANSA magazine

There are different generations of SSS and of the LSMs for analogue subscriber access. The latest generation of the subsystem is called SSS-5 and provides a mixture of POTS and ISDN accesses. This version improve the performance and flexibility to the customer. SSS-5 can be used in metropolitan as well as rural areas and is compatible with the present version of SSS (SSS-4) The older LSM generation (SSS-4) have two variants of the magazine, depending on the type of Line Interface Circuits used. In one variant there are 4 LICs per board and in the other 8 LICs per board. It is most common to use eight LICs. This means either 16 or 32 LIBs can be housed in one magazine.The figure below shows the structure and the connections of the magazine. .
LIB-15(or 31)
ETB/JTC
ETB/JTC
EMRP
SLCT
TSW
LIB-0
LIB-1
Test Bus
REU
TSB-A/B
- 48V to STR
EMRPB-A/B
TSW Time Switch KRC Keyset code Receiver Circuit LIB Line Interface Board SLCT Subscriber Line Circuit Test JTC Junctor Terminal Circuit ETB Exchange Terminal Board EMRP Extension Module Regional Processor STR Signalling Terminal Remote REU Ringing Equipment Unit POU Power Unit
Figure 3.4
LSM magazine for SSS-4
The size of this magazine is 24 Building Modules (BM), about 0.98 meter long. This is housed in one shelf of a cabinet.
03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
POU
KRC
39
Subscriber Switch
The latest LSM generation (for SSS-5) is the ACA3 magazine which includes private meter functions fully integrated into the magazine. This means that the SEPRM magazine is no longer needed. The whole magazine uses only 12 1/2 BM, which allows two magazines in one shelf.
ETB/JTC
ETB/JTC
ALB-15
EMRP
ALB-0 ALB-1
STRP
SLCT
TSW
TSB-A/B
Test Bus
EMRPB-A/B
TSW Time Switch KRC Keyset code Receiver Circuit ALB Analogue Line Board (with Private Meter) SLCT Subscriber Line Circuit Test JTB Junctor Terminal Board
ETB Exchange Terminal Board EMRP Extension Module Regional Processor STRP Signalling Terminal Remote Processor REU Ringing Equipment Unit POU Power Unit
Figure 3.5
LSM magazine for SSS-5, ACA3
A new line board, ALB (Analogue Line Board), has been developed for the ACA3 magazine. Eight subscriber lines are terminated on each board. There are 16 board positions in the magazine which allow a maximum of 128 subscribers to be connected. See figure 2.5. In addition it is also possible to house one STRP board (Signalling Terminal Remote) into the magazine. The STRP is a compact version of the STR magazine which consists of several PCBs.
3.2.3
Analogue Line Board

The Analogue Line Board (ALB) contains equipment for eight subscribers. Part of the equipment is individual to each of the eight subscribers and part is common to all eight. The individual part is called Line Circuit. The following functions are implemented on the Analogue Line Board:
DC-signalling, that is detection of on hook and off hook states, receive
40
REU POU - 48V
KRC
03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
and decade pulses from dial telephones
Ring tripping Analog/Digital and Digital/Analog conversion, A/D and D/A Programmable current feeding Overvoltage protection Test functions Supervision of the subscriber line Private metering
Test Relay This relay is used to connect the subscriber line or the Line Circuit to the functions implemented on the Subscriber Line and Circuit Tester (SLCT). It is done via an internal test bus and the regional software of SLCT performs different routine tests for selected subscriber. Ring Reley This relay connects the subscriber lines to the Ringing Equipment Unit (REU), which is a ringing generator. The relay is controlled by the Microprocessor which is common for all eight subscribers. Overvoltage protection Each Line Circuit has a device which protects it against overvoltage. The protection device uses self healing fuses. Ericsson Subscriber Line Interface Circuit Each subscriber has an individual ESLIC, Ericsson Subscriber Line Interface Circuit. The functions implemented in the ESLIC are detecting on hook and off hook states, ring tripping, receiving dial pulses etc. Ericsson Analogue Converter The EAC, Ericsson Analogue Converter, is used for A/D and D/A conversion, controlling the ESLIC circuit and for 2/4 wire conversion. The Line Circuit receives analog speech signals from the two-wire subscriber line, but since digital systems are four wire, the two-wire circuit must be converted to a four wire circuit before the A/D conversion can take place. Ericsson DC-converter One EDC, Ericsson DC-converter, is used for 4 subscriber lines for programmable regulation of the line feeding voltage. Ericsson Signal Processor One signal processor ESP, Ericsson Signal Processor, is common for all lines. All necessary digital filtering and processing is performed in the ESP.
03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1 41
Subscriber Switch
Micro Processor The micro processorcontrols and supervises all lines and functions on the Analogue Line Board.
3.2.4
Definition of an LSM-ANSA
When the hardware installation and cabling of the LSM magazine has been completed, the definition of the exchange data for the LSM has to be specified. The exchange data will tell the system what software programs to load in the EMRP and what type of equipment is contained in our LSM. The Operational Instruction Addition of LSM in EMG should be used. The document assumes that the EMG has been defined. If not, the OPI Connection of an EMG should be followed. In the text below the procedure for definition of an LSM-ANSA is described. 1. 2. Definition of an Extension Module Regional Processor, EMRP. Loading of regional software in EMRP. The command has to be repeated for each software unit that is to be loaded. EXEPI:EMG=emg,EM=em,TYPE=EMRP3,CONTROL=single;
EXEUI:EMG=emg,EM=em,SUNAME=suname; EMG EM SUNAME 3. Name of extension module group Number of extension module Software unit name
Definition of equipment. The command has to be repeated for each different type of equipment that is to be connected.
EXEEI:EMG=emg,EM=em,EQM=eqm; EMG EM EQM Name of extension module group Number of extension module Equipment
When the data is defined, the equipment the LSM magazine should be tested and deblocked (put to work).
42
03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
3.3 Connecting a subscriber line

The subscribers connection to AXE exchange consists of both a hardware and a software part. Once the hardware is installed, it is very seldom changed. The hardware connection does not affect the subscriber number, which is stored in a software record. Thus a subscribers number can very easily be changed.
3.3.1
The hardware
What kind of equipment is absolutely necessary when a new subscriber is to be connected? From the hardware point of view, the following is needed:
a phone set a line to the exchange a LIC individual.
MDF SS
LIC
Figure 3.6
Subscriber-related hardware
The subscribers telephone set is connected via a cable to the Main Distribution Frame (MDF) where all the incoming cables are organized before being connected to the switch. The MDF has direct lines to the subscriber switch and each connection is terminated at the Subscriber Stage by the Line Interface Circuit (LIC). Each subscriber corresponds to one LIC. There are up to eight such circuits on one printed board assembly (Line Interface Board, LIB), see figure 2.6.
3.3.2
Subscriber number
A subscriber can be allocated any subscriber number within the exchange number series. The preconditions for this, however, are that the number has been defined as an internal number in the exchange and that it is vacant. Internal numbers are specified in groups of a hundred, where each group has its own number, a so-called hundred-number. Either one or
03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
43
Subscriber Switch
ten groups can be specified at a time. The hundred-number is specified by command and does not need to have the same value as the hundreds digit. Example The subscriber numbers 201000-201099 can be given the hundred-number 4, and 201100-201199 the hundred-number 5. The commands for these specifications of number series are: EXNSI:SNB=201000,HU=4; EXNSI:SNB=201100,HU=5; If the hardware has been connected and a subscriber number is vacant, a subscriber can be connected to a LIC by means of one single command, SULII . SULII:SNB=snb,DEV=dev; As soon as a subscriber is disconnected (with the command SULIE) all extra categories will disappear and only the standard categories will remain. Consequently, when a subscriber gets a new number, the categories will have to be specified anew. Therefore, a printout of the existing categories is always done (command SUSCP) before any kind of changes are implemented.
3.3.3
Subscriber categories
Subscriber categories contain a characteristic linked to a subscriber number. The categories affect the handling of calls to and from this subscriber. The categories specify:
Subscriber line characteristics, which describe the subscribers line

equipment.
Subscriber characteristics, which give the subscriber special authorizations, routing restriction or restriction when utilizing special services. A distinction is made between an analogue access, Basic Access and a PBX in relation to categories. A category for an analogue or Basic Access is always related to a subscriber number. A Basic Access can have several subscriber numbers with each own category combination. For a PBX, the category is related either to an individual number or to the group number. In the latter case the same characteristics defined by the categories are valid for all the extension numbers belonging to that group number. The subscriber categories are analysed for each call to and from the subscriber. The command for adding, changing or deleting a category is SUSCC. The parameter to indicate the category is SCL (Subscriber Class), and the cate44 03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
gories have three letter codes. All these categories are listed in the Parameter List in submodule B14. Normally SCL=xxx-1 means that the category is inserted, and SCL=xxx-0 deletes it. Most of the categories are more detailed than just ON or OFF, though. Thus the value range of this parameter depends on the category in question. Example Alarm call ALS-0 ALS-1 Priority PRI-0 PRI-1 PRI-2 PRI-3 has two different values: The subscriber does not have access to the service The subscriber has access to the service has four different values: Ordinary subscriber Priority type 1 Priority type 2 Priority types 1 & 2
To give a subscriber a Priority type 2-category, the command will be: SUSCC:SNB=snb,SCL=PRI-2;
03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
45
Subscriber Switch
3.4 Subscriber services

As mentioned previosly, a subscriber can be given one or more categories. A subscriber can also have access to one or more subscriber services. The difference between categories and services is not always very distinct, but a service can be defined like this: 1. 2. 3. A service requires more data than just the category data that can be changed by the subscriber (or by an operator). Administration of the service is handled by a special block. The subscriber often gets access to the service by dialling a specific number or code.
A subscriber service is always initiated with the command SUSCC, but the extra information is added or changed with special commands. These commands are found under their own headings in the Operational Instructions.
3.4.1
Documentation
Many, but not all, categories are stored in the SC function block, which is a part of the Traffic Control Subsystem (TCS). The rest are stored in function blocks in the Subscriber Services Subsystem (SUS). The SUS blocks are optional, but some features require more than one block - composite functions - and these blocks must be used together. The subscriber usually gets access to the composite functions by dialling special codes, using the characters * and #. To perform subscriber service changes, exchange staff mainly use the following documents:
Operational Instruction (OPI), where commands and procedures are

given
Command Description , with possible parameters. Parameter List , showing the relation between category and function
block. All categories are listed, and the different values of the parameters are given. Example The subscriber no. 301000 is given the Hot Line with time delay - service to B-no. 301123. If the A-subscriber does not dial a number, the predetermined B-number is automatically dialled after a few seconds. In the OPI we find Connection/disconnection/change of subscriber functions, where the command SUSCC is indicated. The Command Description gives the format: SUSCC:SNB=301000,SCL=HLI-2; The subscriber now has the category, but it is not yet a service. From the operational Instruction for Hot Line we get the command SUHLI. SUHLI:SNB=301000,DIN=301123;
46 03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
3.5 Function Blocks in ANSA

There are many function blocks in SSS. Some of the function blocks are implemented in both hardware and software while others are implemented in software only. Here follows a list of the main function blocks for ANSA: LI Line Interface LI contains subscriber line functions for subscribers connected to a subscriber stage. The hardware of this block is the LIC. TS Time Switch Owns the Extension Module Time Switch (EMTS) allocated on the TSW board. The software of TS performs the path selection through the EMTS and it also handles the Time Switch Bus (TSB) for call set up between the LSMs. CD Clock Distribution CD, is responsible for the synchronization of the Time Switches (EMTS) in the LSMs as well as synchronizing the EMGs towards the Group Switch. KR2 Keyset Code Reception KR2 performs digit reception from subscribers, equipped with tone sending telephone sets. RT Remote Terminal Handles the PCM links between the RSS and the host exchange. The hardware of the block is made up of the ETB in the LSM and the ETC in the host exchange. JT Junctor Terminal For the Central Subscriber switch CSS or LSS, JT block handles the PCM links between the JTC and the Group Switch. It owns the Junctor Terminal Circuit. SSTONE Subscriber Stage Tone SSTONE performs the timing (pulses / pauses) of various tones which are sent to the subscriber, and tones used for different types of tests. PX Private Branch exchange The block handles the routes to and from the PABXs connected to the switch. The block is implemented in central software only. SULA Subscriber Line Adaptation
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47
Subscriber Switch
SULA handles the administration of the transmission parameters for the line circuits with changeable transmission parameters. LIM Line Interface Maintenance LIM handles traffic functions for PABX subscribers and special subscriber equipment. EXDAE Exchange Data Device Administration in EMG EXDAE is a command handling block for administration of partly equipped LSMs. SEPRM (64) SEPRM (16) SEPRM sends pulses on the subscriber line to step the private meters. It is only used, when the SEPRM-HW is located in a external magazine. SEPRM exists in two versions, one for 16 devices and the other for 64 devices per EM. Special Equipment Private Meter
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3.6 Summary
A maximum of 8 subscribers can be connected to one LIB or ALB,
which gives a maximum of 128 subscribers in an LSM-ANSA.
An EMRP controls the units in the LSM-ANSA magazine. The subscribers connection to AXE consists of both a hardware and a
software part.
Subscriber categories contain a characteristic linked to a subscriber

number. The categories affect the handling of calls to and from the subscriber.
A subscriber service require a subscriber category and access to the

service.
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Subscriber Switch
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4. ISDN Accesses
Chapter Objectives
After completing this chapter the participant will be able to: Describe ISDN Access and subscriber equipment interfaces. Describe the ISDN Basic Access. Define an LSM-BA(E) by commands. Connect a Multiple Subscriber Number to a Digital Subscriber Line. Describe the ISDN Primary Rate Access. Define an LSM-PRA (E) by commands.
Figure 4.1
Chapter Objectives
4.1 Introduction
In the area of telecommunications, the trend is towards digitalization and service integration. New and profitable telecommunication services can be introduced more easily into a digital network than into an analogue network. The ISDN network can provide services both for analogue and digital (ISDN) subscribers. The main difference between analogue and ISDN subscribers is that ISDN subscribers have access to more advanced services. For ISDN applications two different access types exists: the Basic Access (BA) and the Primary Rate Access (PRA). The Basic Access consists of two B-channels for speech or data and one D-channel (signalling channel and packet mode data transfer). The PRA consists of 30 B-channels, one D-channel and one channel for synchronisation. For normal ISDN-subscribers, BA is the standard interface towards the subscriber switch, whereas for ISDN-PABX, PRA is the interface which is used. CCITT (Comite Consultatif International Telegraphique et Telephonique) is a part of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) which provides Recommendations and Standards for Telecommunications. CCITT has specified reference points (interfaces) for the subscriber access to the ISDN network.Figure 3.2 shows the reference points and the location.
03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1 51
Subscriber Switch
Subscriber Premises SSS LSM-BA

DLIC
BA
TE1
NT1
2B+D
TE1
LT
TE1
ISDN PABX
NT2 NT1
LSM-PRA
PRA
ETP
30B+D TE2
TA
T U S
R
TE TA NT BA PRA LT
Terminal Equipment Terminal Adaptor Network Termination Basic Access Primary Rate Access Line Termination
DLIC ETP SSS LSM-BA LSM-PRA R,S,T,U
Digital Line Circuit Exchange Terminal PRA Subscriber Switch Subsystem Line Switch Module Basic Access Line Switch Module Primary Rate Access Reference Points
Figure 4.2
Subscriber equipment and interfaces
4.1.1
Subscriber equipment
The Terminal Equipment (TE) can consist of either ISDN equipment (TE1) or non ISDN equipment (TE2). A Terminal Adaptor (TA) enables non-ISDN equipment to be connected to ISDN. The subscriber line is terminated in the subscriber premises at the Network Termination (NT). The NT may comprise of two parts:
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NT1 which terminates the subscriber line. NT2 which is used to switch internal traffic. NT2 only exists where
internal switching is required, i.e. in an ISDN Private Automatic Branch exchange (ISPABX).
4.1.2
Reference Points
Reference Point R is the interface between non ISDN standard equipment (TE2) and the Terminal Adaptor (TA). Reference Point S is the interface between the NT and the TE1 or TA. Reference Point T is the interface between the NT1 and NT2. Reference Point U is on the subscriber line between the NT in the subscriber premises and the Line Termination (LT) in the Subscriber Switch.
4.2 Basic Access

The Basic Access (2 B+D) consists of a 160 kbit/s PCM system. The net bitrate is 144 kbit/s, 2*64 kbit/s for each B-channel and 16 kbit/s for the D-channel. The additional 16 kbit/s are used for synchronisation (13 kbit/ s) and maintenance (3 kbit/s) purposes.
LSM-BA 160 Kbit/s 4 wires 2 wires DLB2-U B2 B1 D NT1 D B1 B2 2 S NT1 D B1 B2 B2 B1 D 1 0 DLIC DLIC DLIC TSW 3 DLIC
S, U NT1 D, B1, B2
Reference points Network Termination 1 Signalling and usable channels
DLB2-U DLIC TSW
Digital Line Board-U interface Digital Line Circuit Time Switch
Figure 4.3
Connection of a Basic Access subscriber line
The ISDN subscriber has the possibility to use a variety of Terminal Equipment at his premises. Examples of TE are: ISDN Telephone, Data Terminals, Personal Computers and FAX machines. Up to eight ISDN ter03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1 53
Subscriber Switch
minals can be connected to the network terminal (NT1) by means of the SBus. The bus is a 4 wire cable and the transmission on the bus is digital. There is a balance between the amount of terminals and the length of the S-Bus. For a long S-Bus, only one terminal can be connected. A two pair twisted cable, called the Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), connects the NT1 to a circuit in the LSM-BA called the Digital Line Interface Circuit (DLIC). This circuit is situated on a board called DLB2-U (Digital Line Interface Board). The DLB2-U board contains four DLIC circuits. This implies that four Basic Accesses can be connected to one DLB2-U.
4.2.1
Function units in LSM-BA

The connection of the hardware units to the Device Speech Bus (DEVSB) and the Time Switch Bus (TSB) is shown in the figure below.
LSM-BA
JTC / ETB PCM to GS TSB
DCL2 2 B+D 2 B+D 3 2 1 0 15 8 DLB2-U
DEVSB TSW 7 0 DLB2-U JTC / ETB SLQCT

EMRPD
2 B+D 2 B+D
3 2 1 0
ST64I
TSW DCL2 DLB2-U SLQCT TSB
Time Switch Digital Line Interface Clock Digital Line Board Subscriber Line Quality Tester Time Switch Bus
EMRPD JTB ETB ST64I DEVSB
Extension Module Regional Processor Device Junctor Terminal Board Exchange Terminal Board Signalling Terminal Interface Device Speech Bus
Figure 4.4
Hardware units in the LSM-BA.
Time Switch (TSW) The TSW, is implemented on one board and handles 1024 time slots. Devices contained in circuit boards are connected to the TSW via DEVSB, in groups of 8, 16 or 32 devices. For example one DLB2U board handles 4 BAs, 8 B channels and 4 D-channels (total 12 channels), and will therefore require 16 time slots in the TSW.
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An LSM-BA with 64 accesses requires 256 time slots. The remaining time slots are used by JTC/ETB, SLQCT, ST64I boards and the Time Switch Bus (TSB).
Digital Line Interface Clock (DCL2) DCL2 is common to all DLB2 boards in the LSM-BA and converts the transmission rate at the U-Interface to the rate of the Device Speech Bus. Digital Line Board for U-interface (DLB2-U) The DLB2-U receives the information on the B and D channels and sends them on the DEVSB to the TSW. It also provides over voltage protection, supervision of bit stream, power feed to the NT and tests the access to the digital subscriber lines. Four basic accesses (2B+D) can be connected to DLB2-U and up to 16 such boards can be installed in an LSM-BA magazine. Subscriber Line Quality Circuit Tester (SLQCT) The SLQCT provides testing mechanisms for fault localisation by looping the B and D channels at the NT or the DLIC. It also carries out signal level measurements on the DSL and checks current feed to all DCLs ETB or JTC ETB, Exchange Terminal Board, is used if the subscriber switch is used as a Remote Subscriber Switch, RSS. This board is the interface towards the PCM line and it contains functions similar to the ones in an ordinary ETC. JTC, Junctor Terminal Circuit, is the interface towards the Group Switch if the subscriber switch is installed locally. Also these units, ETB or JTC, are connected to the EMTS. In each LSM, two ETB/JTC can be installed. Signalling Terminal 64 Interface (ST64I) The ST64I extracts the D channel information from the TSW (using DEVSB) and send it to the Extension Module Regional Processor Device (EMRPD) via a back plane bus. ST64I can handle 64 D channels. Extension Module Regional Processor Device (EMRPD). The Extension Module Regional Processor Device, called the EMRPD, is needed in the LSM when a Basic Access is connected to the exchange. Just like an ordinary EMRP, the EMRPD contains software units for the blocks that have any hardware in the BA-LSM. It also contains software for various APZ functions like operating system and fault detection of the EMRPD itself. The software is written in the high-level languages PLEX_M, C++ and C. The EMRP-programs written in PLEX_M are converted to C. The difference between an EMRP and an EMRPD is that the EMRPD is designed for single control of the devices. There are no EMRPD pairs. The
03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
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Subscriber Switch
EMRPD is a universal processor with an open processor bus interface, so the devices are connected directly to the processor bus An EMRPD is based on an MC68020 micro-processor. It consists of two boards: one processor board (ST20C) and an external memory unit (MEU).
4.2.2
The LSM-BA magazine

There are two types of LSM-BA magazines. One allows 32 Basic Accesses (or DSLs) to be connected to it and the other 64. The LSM magazine for Basic Access is shown in the figure below.
55V POU
JTB / ETB
JTB / ETB
TSB-A/B
4 DSLs GSS (STR)
EMRPB-A/B
TSW DCL2 DLB2-U SLQCT JTB ETB ST64I Time Switch Digital Line Interface Clock Digital Line Board Subscriber Line Quality Tester Junctor Terminal Board Exchange Terminal Board Signalling Terminal Interface MEU ST20C STRP POU Memory Unit Processor type ST20C Signalling Terminal Remote Power
Figure 4.5
Hardware Magazine of LSM-BA
4.2.3
Main Function Blocks for Basic Access

Mixed LSM consept The development of the Basic Access interfaces, as far as the standardisation procedure concerns, was described first in the ITU-T recomendations and then became ETSI standards.
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03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
+5V POU
DLB2-U
DLB2-U
DLB2-U
DLB2-U
SLQCT
ST20C
DCL2
ST64I
MEU
STRP
TSW
ISDN Accesses
Based in the ITU-T recomendations for D-channel signalling, Ericsson developed the BA magazine, figure 3.5, and proper software blocks to operate the hardware and the services. The main function blocks in ISDN Basic Access (ITU-T) are shown in the figure below.
LSM
DLB2-U
SLQCT
ST64I
R-SW EMRP SSTONER LIBAR STL2R SLQCTR
MHBAR C-SW CP SSTONEU LIBAU
MANBAR
STL2U
SLQCTU
MHBAU
MANBAU
EXDAU
Figure 4.6
LSM BA function blocks
Line Interface For Basic Access, LIBA The main task of LIBA is to handle the line interface functions for normal traffic handling and some operation and maintenance functions. This block controls the DLB2 board. Signalling Terminal Layer 2, STL2 The main task of block STL2 is to handle D-channel layer 2 signalling which uses the Link Access for D-channel protocol (LAPD).This block controls the ST64I board. Subscriber Line Quality Circuit Tester, SLQCT SLQCT carries out quality and circuit tests on digital subscriber line circuits (basic access). SLQCT provides access to digital subscriber lines and line circuits via the external test bus. SLQCT supervises clock and power feed functions to digital subscriber line circuit boards. Message Handler Basic Access, MHBA
03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
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Subscriber Switch
MHBA performs buffering of D-channel layer 3 call control messages and perform the administration of call identities for the terminal portability function. Management of Basic Access, MANBA MANBA performs an analysis of D-channel layer 3 messages. Subscriber Stage Tone, SSTONE SSTONEs function is the sending and distribution of tones in SSS. Exchange Data Device Administration for EMG, EXDAE EXDAE administrates the two functions Partly equipped LSM and Allocation of Hardware Equipment Modules (HEM) in EMG.
In order to comply to ETSI standards a modification of some software blocks and addition of new took place. The BA hardware is unchanged. The BA LSMs can therefore be configured as following :
old BA (not ETSI complient). Access device name LIBA-x new BA named BAE (BA ETSI complient).
Access device name LIBAE-x
mixed LSM where both BA and BAE co-exist in the same magzine or
even the same board. Access device name LIBA-x , LIBAE-y. Below a smplified block interworking is presented. Case PSTN over BAE. .
HARDWARE DLB-U ST64I
MANBAR / MANBAER LIBAER STL2R
MHBAR / MHBAER
EMRPD
PSTNHHR
STL2U
CP
LIBA(E)U
KR2U
MANBAEU
MHBAE
EXDAEU
LIHHU
PSTNHHU
Figure 4.7
PSTN over BA (ISDN-E), Internal interwork diagram
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ISDN Accesses
The BA user interface is implemented in DL Board for U interface. It is controlled by the function block LIBAE as shown in the figure above. The function block LIBAE comprises subscriber line functions for subscribers connected to a subscriber switch with ISDN, 2B+D. The major functions are:
Handling of LIBAE device state Blocking/Deblocking of the Access Layer 1 supervision and statistics Periodic, Routine and Command Controlled tests Traffic functions support HEM administration (participation in definition, removal and change of device allocation within DLB-U HEMs). Handling of semipermanent connections Extended functionality for device state handling, blocking/ deblocking of the access and traffic support due to PSTN over BA functionality Support of PSTN over BA connections administration
The HEM administration is mainly handled by the block EXDAE. It handles commands concerning the administration of Hardware Equipment Modules (HEM) and the association of traffic to hardware devices. The HEM administration command handling part consists of commands for allocation and removal of hardware equipment modules and change of device allocation within hardware equipment modules that can be controlled by more than one device type. In the case of PSTN over BA connections an association of a traffic device to a hardware device is made. Block EXDAE handles this command function, in cooperation with the block LIHH, Line Interface Home Highway. In order to support the L3 protocol for PSTN over EMRPD BA connections, a protocol based on the V5 PSTN protocol is realised in the block PSTNHH (PSTN Home Highway). This block participates in the function for traffic to hardware device association (PSTN over BA connections) storing static data for such connections. The user can use the BA connection to send a wide range of information types. The interface has then to distinguish the different types and handle them properly. For instance Packet switching data has to be treated different than normal signal data. Packet switching data (SAPI=16) is frame relayed further via the time switch and the group switch towards the FH concentrator. On layer 2 the block STL2 performs the protocol function for call control procedures (SAPI=0, for both ISDN and PSTN over ISDNE BA) and some Layer 2 management procedures (SAPI=63) on the Dchannel.
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Subscriber Switch
The management of the Basic Access is handled by the old block MANBA, (MANagement of Basic Access). MANBA handles management of terminal endpoint identification, Layer 2/Layer 3 interwork and Layer 3 supervision and statistics (only for ISDN). ISDN layer 3 protocols supported are DSS1 and QSIG (the latter only in MANBA(BA-E)). Moreover, block MANBAE supports a multiprotocol mechanism enabling the support of more than one protocol/protocol variants in the same exchange on a per access basis, as well as of protocol market options. Finally, it takes part in the handling of permanently activated data links for PSTN over BA (Layer 2/Layer 3 interwork). The DSS1 signalling messages coming from the user has to be buffered and analysed. The block Message Handler Basic Access (MHBA) implements these functions. It also builds Layer 3 messages in the network to user direction. In addition, MHBA(BA-E) buffers and analyses the Layer 3 QSIG protocol format, dummy calls and segmented or not messages to/ from the user.
4.2.4
Definition of an LSM-BA
After installing the LSM- BA and connecting the hardware, the LSM- BA should be defined in the exchange data.The documentation to be used is found in the B module. The Operational Instructions Addition of LSM in an EMG and Connection of Interface Equipment for ISDN Basic Access in LSM should be followed carefully. In the text below the procedure for definition of an LSM-BA is described.
EMRPD definition
EXEPI:EMG=LSS0, EM=2,TYPE=EMRPD1;
Loading of regional software units and equipment into EMRPD

EXEUI:EMG=LSS0, EM=2, SUID="................"; ! LIBAER ! EXEUI:EMG=LSS0, EM=2, SUID="-------------"; ! MHBAR ! EXEUI:EMG=LSS0, EM=2, SUID="-------------"; ! MHBAER ! EXEUI:EMG=LSS0, EM=2, SUID="-------------"; ! PSTNHHR ! EXEUI:EMG=LSS0, EM=2, SUID="-------------"; ! FHLR ! . . . . . . EXEEI:EMG=LSS0, EM=2, EQM=LIBAE; EXEEI:EMG=LSS0, EM=2, EQM=MHBA; EXEEI:EMG=LSS0, EM=2, EQM=MHBAE; EXEEI:EMG=LSS0, EM=2, EQM=FHL-1;
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. . . . . . As shown in the commands above, for some of the software units both the blocks for the BA and BAE are loaded. The devices then, can be, for example, LIBA or LIBAE. By initiating and change the HEM parameters, one can chose the type that is currently needed. The hardware equipment module (HEM) has to be specified and given the name belonging to the proper hardware owning block. In the case the hardware is the DLB2U the HEM name is specified in the owning block LIBAE. The LIBAE devices has then, by the command, to be allocated to the defined HEM. EXHMI:EMG=LSS0, EM=2, HEM=DLB2U-0, TMAG=LSM32, DEV=LIBAE-64&&-67; EXHMI:EMG=emg,EM=em,HEM=SLQCT-0; EXHMI:EMG=emg,EM=em,HEM=ST64I-0; EMG EM HEM TMAG DEV Name of extension module group Number of extension module Hardware equipment modules Magazine type Devices
Equipment in the EMG LSS0 is defined by specifying the hardware equipment modules associated with a previously defined Extension Module (EM) 2. Parameter TMAG must is given to define HEMs for blocks that can handle different types of magazines. The devices LIBAE-64&&-67 are connected to the specified HEM. EXHMC:EMG=LSS0, EM=2, HEM=DLB2U-0, DEV1=LIBAE-64, DEV2=LIBA-0; After this command the LIBAE-64 is replaced by the LIBA-0. By using the EXHMC command, the LIBA devices can be connected to the specified HEM.
4.2.5
Connection of subscriber for BA

For subscribers connected to the analogue devices only one subscriber number can be connected to a subscriber line. With the introduction of ISDN it is possible to connect several subscriber numbers to a single subscriber line for Basic Access. The OPI Connection of subscriber line should be used. Example: SULII:SNB=221170&&221177,DEV=LIBA-0,ONELINE; SNB Subscriber numbers
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03802-EN/LZM 112 20 R1
Subscriber Switch
DEV ONELINE
Device Allows connection of several subscriber numbers to one subscriber line
Change of subscriber categories In the example below, the subscriber number is given the subscriber category Multiple Subscriber Number. SUSCC:SNB=221170,SCL=MSN-1; SNB SCL Subscriber number Subscriber class
For each subscriber number, allocation of subscriber class is needed. Modification of access parameters SUAPC:DEV=dev,APA=apa; DEV APA device access parameters
4.2.6
BA-E Subscriber connection

The ISDN-E Basic Access offers a wide range of functions and although it is used as the standard BA, the old BA access is still functioning. In the BAE case, the subscriber numbers can not be connected as above. The following commands have to be used: IUDCI:DEV=LIBAE-76, SNB=70002012&&70002015; IUDCI:DEV=LIBAE-80, SNB=70002416&70002418&70002419, ONELINE; This command connects one or more subscriber numbers to one or more devices. After connection, a default set of basic services, supplementary services, and properties are automatically assigned to the device or subscriber number. If several subscriber numbers are specified in the command, and parameter ONELINE is not given, each of the subscriber numbers is connected to its own device. The first subscriber number is connected to the device given in the command, the second subscriber number is connected to the device plus one, and so on. The first subscriber number connected to the device is known as the Default Calling Number (DCN). In applications that support multiple access protocols, the user can specify the protocol variant to be used for the access. Only one protocol variant is allowed per access. If the relevant parameter is omitted and the access is not connected, the default protocol variant, DSS1E, is given to the access.
Access related A-number validation
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The local exchange checks whether the transmitted A-number is among those, allocated to the access, and guarantees that the A-number transmitted to the B-subscriber identifies the calling party correctly.
Activation of A-number validation

IUANI:DEV=LIBAE-80, SNB=70002416&70002418&70002419, BCH=ALL; A-number validation is activated for the Basic Access LIBAE-80. The indicated numbers are those that are expected from the ISDN-terminal as A-numbers. If the local exchange recognises one of these numbers, the validation will be successful and the numbers are sent to the B-subscriber. Otherwise the access default number (DCN) will be sent to the B-subscriber.
Connection of line hunting group with ISDN-E subscribers, BA
Line hunting group is a call distribution mechanism using a group number that contains several BA. The hunting group is applied normally in cases that PBX function is used. No direct dialling is used and the already known hunting methods are applicable. In applications that support Multiple Access Protocols, the operator can specify the protocol variant to be used for all accesses connected to the PBX.
Commands, parameters, values
Connection of line group hunting number

IUPBI:PBX=COMPANY12, SNB=70002560,REFP=1; Group number is connected and a set of default services for point-tomultipoint configuration is available.
Connection of line group devices

IUPDI:PBX=COMPANY12, DEV=LIBAE-88&-89; Basic accesses are connected to the group number
Connection of several vacant subscriber numbers to PBX.

IUPNI:PBX=COMPANY12, SNB=70002561&&70002569; The PBX must have previously been defined using the command IUPBI. A subscriber connected to a PBX is called a Group number related Individual Number, GIN. Similar to the A- number validation for a normal BA-E subscriber, the PBX number validation has to be defined:
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Subscriber Switch
IUPVI:PBX=COMPANY12, DEV=LIBAE-88, SNB=70002561&&70002569, BCH=ALL; Hunt groups are groups of B-channels connected to a specific PBX. They are used in the search (hunt) for a free B-channel when a call connection request exists. The hunting type connected to the PBX defines the search order of each hunt group when a terminating call reaches the PBX.
Definition of line hunt group

IUPHI:PBX=COMPANY12, HG=12, DEV=LIBAE-88, BCH=ALL,HNB=0; Each PBX has hunt groups connected to it, and each hunt group has basic services, a hunting type, and sometimes reduced hunting connected to it. These parameters are originally set up using an exchange parameter and can later be changed using the command IUPHC.
Definition of line hunt group characteristics

IUPHC:PBX=COMPANY12, HG=12, HT=1; Hunting type 1 means cyclic hunting. The selection process will start from the B-channel after the one which was seized from the previous call.
Adaptation of Access parameters (point-to-multipoint)

The access characteristics, defined as access parameters, can be modified by the following command. IUAPC:DEV=LIBAE-80, APA1=OOA-1; Here, the access on LIBAE-80 receives the Access Parameter OOA-1 (Origin for Output Analysis). 1 is the origin for output analysis when retrieving cause or other output information or both. The block LIADM handles the access parameters. The PBX configuration above is by default a Point-to-Point configuration. This means that Layer 2 will be established with a fixed TEI-value, that cant be accepted by the ISDN-terminals (they only accept TEI-127 (broadcast)). Note that the parameter REFP of command IUPBI has nothing to do with Layer 2; its only used to define the services, that shall be available for the connected subscribers. Therefore an adaptation has to be done so that AXE starts call set up with TEI-127. Layer 2 call set up will be initiated with TEI-value 127 (broadcast). Each connected ISDN-terminal will accept this call.
PSTN over ISDN BA
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The block LIHH, as device owner for the PSTN part of the access, PSTN over ISDN-BA, handles the following administration functions.
Connection/disconnection of PSTN traffic device to ISDN hardware device Connection/disconnection of subscriber number to PSTN traffic device Blocking/deblocking of PSTN traffic device Maintenance functions i.e. Fault handling, L2 data link status.
If a PSTN over BA shall be defined, in addition to the EM and HEM definition the association of the traffic devices LIHH to the LIBAE devices has to be given. Since the TEI value is important for the signalling, the traffic device has to be connected to it. This is implemented by the command: EXTHI:DEV1=LIBAE-1,DEV2=LIHH-3,TEI=126; Traffic device LIHH-3 is connected to HW device LIBAE-1. TEI value 126 is allocated to the traffic device.
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Subscriber Switch
4.3 ISDN Primary Rate Access, PRA
Subscriber Premises LSM-PRA
PRA
TE1
ISDN PABX
NT2 NT1
4 PRA/LSM
DIP ETP
30B+D
2Mbit/s
TE2
TA
T U S
TE TA NT DIP PRA
Terminal Equipement Terminal Adaptor Network Termination Digital Path Primary Rate Access
LSM ETP R,S,T,U LSM-PRA
Line Switch Module Exchange Terminal PRA Refrence Points Line Switch Module Primary Rate Access
Figure 4.8
ISDN Primary Rate Access
Primary Rate Access terminates a 2 Mbit/s PCM which connects an ISDNPABX to the subscriber switch. PRA offers 30 B-channels and one Dchannel. The remaining channel is used for synchronization. ISDN terminals can be connected to the ISDN-PABX by means of the S interface Bus. The interfaces and connection of a PRA is shown in the figure above. The D-channel uses a layered protocol according to ETSI or to ITU-T called Digital Subscriber Signalling System Number 1 (DSS1) . The ITU-T PRA (denoted PRA) is not implemented in AM adapted AXE while the ETSI PRA (denoted PRAE) is. PRA functions inter-work with both AM and not AM adapted environment supporting ISDN and ISDN-E subscribers respectively. The PRA access is partly implemented in the PRA Set of Parts in the subsystem SSS, and partly in the system module DASAM. DASAM is
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responsible for the connection and disconnection of ISDN E subscribers and PBXs and for a number of access related supplementary services, for example, Line and Trunk Hunting and Terminal Portability. DASAM also includes functions for data recording and monitoring of subscriber lines. The lower level functions of ISDN, Layer 1 (the physical layer), Layer 2 (the data link layer) and the message handling of Layer 3 (network layer) are located in the Digital Subscriber Access (DSA) service implemented in XSS. The controlling software is located in DASAM. This allows for a separation of the technology from the application. The connection in the SSS is made on the Exchange Terminal for primary access and at the users premises in terminal equipement (PBX or IMUX) with NT2 functionality
4.3.1
Function Units in LSM-PRA

A 2Mbit/s PCM from an ISDN-PABX is connected to the Exchange Terminal for primary access, board (ETP) in the LSM-PRA. Up to four ETPs can be installed in one LSM-PRA which implies that four PRAs can be connected to one LSM-PRA. The same hardware is used to offer user connections for:
PRA. The device type is then LIPRA PRAE. The device type is then LIPRAE Mixed PRA and PRAE .The device type is then LIPRA and/or LIPRAE V5 inteface mixed (V5.1 / V5.2SL). The device type is then LIANV5
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SNT DIP
30B+D
LSM-PRA
STD STD STD ETCP D-ch TSW DEVSB
TSB
4 PRA JTC / ETB
PCM to GS
GAM RPG
30B-ch
JTC / ETB EMRP
RPB
To CP
PRA DIP ETP GAM SNT DEVSB
Primary Rate Access Digital Path Exchange Terminal PRA Generic Access Management Switching Network Terminal Device Speech Bus
LSM-PRA ETB JTC TSW TSB EMRP
Line Switch Module Primary Rate Access Exchange Terminal Board Junctor Circuit Circuit Time Switch Time Switch Bus Extension Module Regional Processor
Figure 4.9
LSM PRA Structure
Since ETP is the interface to the PCM link, Digital Path (DIP) operation and maintenance functions are included in the ETP. An example of a maintenance function is transmission quality supervision on the PCM. The ETP also separates the D- Channel from the B-channels and connects the D-channel to an access device. Both the D-and the B- channels are sent to TSW via the Device Speech Bus (DEVSB) and further to GS if the call is not intra-EMG call. The ETP forms a Switching Network Terminal (SNT) function which has to be connected to the TSW. The D-channel transfers mostly signalling information that has to be send to CP, therefore, a communication platform between the PRA or PRAE access and the CP via GS has to be introduced. This platform is called Generic Access Management, GAM.
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4.3.2
The LSM-PRA magazine

As mentioned earlier, the LSM-PRA consists of four ETPs and four STDs, allowing up to four PCM links to be connected to one magazine. If one or two connections to the Group Switch are required, then up to two ETB/ JTC can be installed. The EMPC-board is the EMRP processor (EMRP3) for the LSM-PRA.
T S W
E T C P
E T C P
E T C P
E T C P
E T B
E T B
S T R P
E M P C
P O U
2 Mbits/s PCMs 30 B +D each

TSW ETP ETB Time Switch Exchange Terminal PRA Exchange Terminal Board
STRP EMPC POU
Signalling Terminal Remote Extension Module Processor Power Unit
Figure 4.10
The LSM-PRA magazine
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4.3.3
Function blocks for PRA

The main functions for PRA are handled by a number of function units.
HW 30B+D EMRP
LIPRAR
ETP
JTC / ETB-ETC
GSN
TRHB/RPG RPD/RPG
ETGAMR STGAMR
DLPRAR MANPRAR MHPRAR
ETGAMU LIPRAU GAMCONU GAMCORDU STGAMU GAMADMU
MHPRAU MANPRAU DLPRAU
CP
DIPSTU
DIPSECU
Figure 4.11
Function blocks for Mixed LSM PRA
The internal interfaces within the Primary Rate Access are shown in the figure above. This interwork applies for accesses connected through the Generic Access Manager, LSM connected. The function blocks implementing the PRA differs depending on if PRA and PRA-E are supported. Some of them are described below. ETGAM, ETGAM, Exchange Terminal, Generic Access Manager, Mixed LSM.ETGAM is the maintenance and EM handling block for the ET hardware using ISDN common channel signalling. It supervises and maintains the Layer 1 and reports possible faults to the owner of the inferior entities (DIPST, which owns the DIP and the Line Interface block, responsible for the devices). ETGAM performs test in order to discover possible faults in the ET hardware and takes actions to recover from the faults. The Mixed LSM ETGAM also supports the option to mix different types of GAM accesses within the same LSM magazine. This ET block is designed to manage the ETs connected to the TS in the RSS structure. Each ET is seen by the operators as an SNT. Each ET can handle up to 31 time slots. Each time slot can either be used as Bchannel or a signalling channel.
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For the GS connected PRA the ETGAMU handles the maintenance of the ETC hardware and the maintenance of the digital line. ET consists of central software, regional software and the printed board ETC (Exchange Terminal Circuit). DIPST, Digital Path supervision and test for GAM. The block contains functions for DIP administration, DIP maintenance, HW maintenance and Clock reference administration for those accesses connected through the Generic Access Manager (GAM).
LIPRA, (E)
Line Interface for Primary Rate Access connected via GAM The function block LIPRA contains functions for handling of traffic devices for Primary Rate Accesses connected to the AXE through the Generic Access Manager (GAM). Its main functions are handling of the Bchannels for traffic and storing of subscriber data related to the PRA. It interworks with the Generic Access Manager (GAM) requesting the connection and the deletion of internal signalling paths and being informed in case of faults affecting such paths or in case of switch-overs. There are three versions of the block: one for non AM adapted LSM connected PRA, one for AM adapted LSM connected PRA (LIPRAE) and one for AM adapted GS connected PRA. LIPRAE interworks with AM-user which controls traffic on PRA devices. LIPRAE controls the administration of these devices. LIPRAE plays a key role in management of internal signalling path connections for the General Access Manager platform. LIPRA(E) also accommodates the optional Frame Handler. As already mentioned in the relevant chapter, the Frame Handler is an integral part of the ISDN service, also located in the SSS subsystem. It is required to provide Primary Rate Accesses and Basic Rate Accesses a Dchannel access to the X.31 Case B Packet Mode service. LIPRA is involved in the initiation and termination of supervision and statistical functions on L2 and L3.
DLPRA, (E)
Data Link Layer handler for Primary Rate Access. DLPRA performs the Layer 2 protocol function for call control procedures (SAPI=0) and some Layer 2 management procedures (SAPI=63), on the D-channel. Packet switching data (SAPI=16) is frame relayed further via the group switch towards the FH Concentrator.
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The Frame Handler Local (FH-L) function is implemented in DLPRA. The FH-L function separates SAPI=16 and SAPI=0 frames from the D-channels and concentrates the SAPI=16 frames into one or more IBDchannels. An IBD-channel is an internal BD-channel for packet data between FH-L and FH-C. It also maintains the statistics and supervision function of the D-channel at Layer 2. It is used for the Primary Rate Accesses connected through the Generic Access Manager (GAM).There are two versions of the block: one working with the AM adapted (DLPRAE), LSM or GS connected PRA and the other one for non AM adaptation. DLPRA maintains the statistics and supervision function of the D-channel at Layer 2.
MANPRA,(E) MANagement of Primary Rate Access The function block MANPRA is used in the Primary Rate Access connected through the Generic Access Manager (GAM). MANPRA handles Layer 2/Layer 3 interwork and Layer 3 supervision and statistics.There are two versions of the block: one working with the AM adapted, LSM or GS connected PRA and the other one for non AM adaptation. Block MANPRA(E) contains functions for:
Management of a primary rate access Layer 2 link management Layer 3 statistics and supervision Detection of abnormalities Coordination and reporting of layer 3 statistics per access Handling multi access protocols
MANPRA is placed between the layer 2 protocol handler, DLPRA and the layer 3 message handler MHPRA. MHPRA (E), Message Handler for Primary Rate Access connected via GAM The function block MHPRA performs buffering and analysis of DSS1 Layer 3 messages from the user.In the outgoing direction, MHPRA performs the building of Layer 3 messages to the user. The block MHPRA(PRA-GAM-E) performs buffering and analysis of Layer 3, included QSIG protocol format, dummy calls and segmented or not messages from/to the user. It is used for those Primary Rate Accesses connected to the exchange through the Generic Access Manager (GAM). There are two versions of the block: one
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working with the AM adapted, LSM or GS connected PRA and the other one for non AM adaptation. DIPDIG, Digital Path supervision and test for DPNSS sIGnalling access DIPST contains functions for fault and quality supervision, test etc of DIPs connecting RSS to GSS and SSS to NT. DIPST receives and collects information of DIP transmission status from ET and RT. DIPST is implemented in central software only. Line Interface DPNSS sIGnalling access. Handles the Layer 3 and Layer 2 DPNSS signalling protocol and effects traffic line signalling accordingly. The Layer 2 protocol messages are supervised and presented to the ACAM which has the Layer 3 traffic functionality. Function block LIDIG (a Line Interface type block) provides an access for DPNSS1 PBXs to allow connection to BCAM VPN. LIDIG allows connection and disconnection of AM (Application Modularity) DPNSS1 PBX subscribers to enable calls to and from the DPNSS1 PBXs to be processed by the AM. However LIDIGs involvement in call control is minimal since the protocol is handled by the Access-AM function block PCDPNSS.
LIDIG,
LIDIG is part of the Subscriber Switching Subsystem (SSS).
4.3.4
Connection of an LSM-PRA
For addition of an LSM-PRA in an existing EMG, Operational Instruction Addition of an LSM in EMG should be used. This OPI will lead to another OPI called Connection of interface equipment for ISDN Primary Rate Access. In the text below the procedure for definition of an LSM-PRA is described. As mentioned above, PRA implemented in XSS (GAM based) and the PRA in DASAM (GAM, ISDN E) can exist in the same application. In the procedure below, a PRA definition is made for a mixed LSM. It means that both PRA and PRAE are defined in the same LSM. The GAM application on RPD (or RPG) for the PRA and PRAE is not implemented in the same regional software units (R-Sw). Both the procedures are presented below:
Connection of signalling terminal for GAM
Definition of the RPD used for the GAM. An RPG, used for GAM
application, is defined in the same way. EXRPI:RP=rp,RPT=rpt,TYPE=RPD1A;
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GAM definition for PRA ISDN non-ETSI adapted

EXRUI:RP=76, SUID="xxxxxxxxxx"; ! STGAMR ! EXRUI:RP=76, SUID="yyyyyyyyyy"; ! DLPRAR ! EXRUI:RP=76, SUID="zzzzzzzzzzzzz"; ! MANPRAR ! EXRUI:RP=76, SUID="vvvvvvvvvv"; ! MHPRAR !
GAM definition for NEW PRA ISDN-E !

EXRUI:RP=77, SUID="--------------"; ! STPRAER ! EXRUI:RP=77, SUID=" ................."; ! DLPRAER ! EXRUI:RP=77, SUID=",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"; ! MANPRAER ! EXRUI:RP=77, SUID="++++++++"; ! MHPRAER ! All SW units, which are needed to control the signalling terminal are defined, i.e. handling of Layer 2 and Layer 3 protocol. The handling of the SNT administration and maintenance of TRHB board used as signalling terminal in the GAM platform, is implemented in the unit STGAMR and STPRAER for ISDN respectively ISDN-E. A short function description of the R-Sw units follows: STGAMR The regional RPD block STGAMR orders tests of the TRHB board and supervises the signalling links by sending test frames at regular intervals. It performs the SNT administration and maintenance. If a fault is detected either on the TRHB board or on the signalling links, the fault is reported to STGAMU.
DLPRAR, DLPRAER The Frame Handler Local (FH-L) function is implemented in DLPRA. The FH-L function separates SAPI=16 and SAPI=0 frames from the D-channels and concentrates the SAPI=16 frames into one or more IBD-channels. An IBD-channel is an internal BD-channel for packet data between FH-L and FH-C. MANPRAR, MANPRAER Function block MANPRA(E)R reports Layer 3 abnormalities to block MANPRA and colects data for supervision and statistics purposes. MHPRAR, MHPRAER This function block, in cooperation with the MHPRA performs the buffering and the analysis of layer 3 messages coming from the user and the building of layer 3 messages in the network to user direction.
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The equipment for the R-SW units above has then to be defined
EXEMI:RP=rp,RPT=rpt,EM=em,EQM=STGAM-0; and so on.
The TRHB (TRansceiver Handler Board) is physically connected to the

group switch via a DL2 line. It realizes then an SNT defined as following. NTCOI:SNT=STGAM-0, SNTP=sntp, SNTV=x; ! RPD ! NTCOI:SNT=STPRAE-0, SNTP=sntp, SNTV=y;! RPD ! SNT TRHB board used as signalling terminal in RPD SNTV HW variant of the THRB board SNTP Connection point to GS
Definition of device numbers controlled by TRHB.

EXDUI:DEV=STGAM-0&&-31; ! RPD or RPG! EXDUI:DEV=STPRAE-0&&-31; ! RPD ! DEV Device numbers controlled by TRHB-0 board
Connection of Primary Rate Access in Mixed LSM
LSM PRA DTDII NTCOI ETCP30
GSS
JTC
EXEEI EMTS EXEUI / EXEDP EMRP
EXDUI NTCOI
TRH
EXEMI / EXEMP EXRUI / EXRUP EXRPI / EXRPP
RPD-X
RPD-Y
CP-A
CP-B
Figure 4.12
Commands for PRA definition (simplified)
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Definition of EMRP SW in Mixed PRA LSM units (assumption: CSS)

EXEUI:EMG=LSS0, EM=5, SUNAME=ETGAMNR; EXEUI:EMG=LSS0, EM=5, SUNAME=LIPRAR; EXEUI:EMG=LSS0, EM=5, SUNAME=LIPRAER; and so on.. The remaining blocks (TSR, CDR, SSTONER and JTR) are used for standard tasks within LSM.
Following the definition of Primary Rate Access equipment per EM has

to be performed. EXEEI:EMG=LSS0, EM=5, EQM=ETGAM-4&&-7; EXEEI:EMG=LSS0, EM=5, EQM=LIPRAE-0&&-127; EXEEI:EMG=LSS0, EM=5, EQM=LIPRA-256&&-383; and so on...
A PRA access connects to ETP board, which has to be defined as an

SNT for the Access signalling. NTCOI:SNT=ETGAM-4, NTCOI:SNT=ETGAM-5, NTCOI:SNT=ETGAM-6, NTCOI:SNT=ETGAM-7, SNTV=2; SNTV=2; SNTV=2; SNTV=2;
As seen in the EXEEI, four LIPRA ETPs are defined (128 devices). In the same LSM (EM=5) four LIPRAE ETPs are defined as well. There is no PRA LSM with eight ETPs, this is the Mixed LSM concept. One of the accesses, PRA or PRAE can be the owner of an access (SNT).
The commands below assign owners to each access

GNSAI:SNT=ETGAM-4, ACCOWN=PRAE; GNSAI:SNT=ETGAM-5, ACCOWN=PRAE; GNSAI:SNT=ETGAM-6, ACCOWN=PRAE; GNSAI:SNT=ETGAM-7, ACCOWN=PRAX; So, the SNTs ETGAM-4 to 6 are owned by the PRAE and the ETGAM-7 by PRAX (PRA in XSS)
Following the access DIPs has to be connected. In this example, the

ETGAM-6 SNT is serving BGC connections DTDII:DIP=4ETGAM, DTDII:DIP=5ETGAM, DTDII:DIP=6ETGAM,
76
SNT=ETGAM-4; SNT=ETGAM-5; SNT=ETGAM-6; ! BGC !

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DTDII:DIP=7ETGAM,
SNT=ETGAM-7;
The cyclic redundancy check, CRC, parameter specifies the Layer 1 transmision algorithm. The Access Unit (for example IMUX or IPBX) has to be configurated to use the same CRC algorithm. CRC=0 means that only Frame Alignment Signal word violations are counted as bitfaults. DTIDC:DIP=4ETGAM, CRC=0; and so on... The Bit Fault Frequency ( parameter BFF), the Sleep Frequency (SF) and the Disturbance frequency values, are used as alarm triggers. When the lower limit is reached an alarm is generated. The command used is presented for the 4ETGAM and has to be given for the other DIPs as well: DTQSC:DIP=4ETGAM, BFF, BFFL1=100, ACL1=A3, BFFL2=800, ACL2=A2; DTQSC:DIP=4ETGAM, SF, SFL=5, ACL=A3, TI=24; DTQSC:DIP=4ETGAM, DF, DFL=5000, ACL=A3, TI=24; When the limits are set, the command DTQSI has to be used to enable alarm printouts for the specified quality supervision on the specified digital paths. The alarm classes can be modified by using the commands DTFSC and DTFSI.
As described in the chapter handling the GAM, the concept has been introduced to offer a flexible and simple handling of the signalling on the 2 Mbit/s interfaces of different types. The PRA (E) signalling channels are connected to GAM application on RPD or RPG. The signalling channels of the same type of generic access can be connected to the same Access Group. The Access Group (AG), is then, a group of accesses of the same type (Primary Rate Access for example) whose signalling channels are connected to the same signalling terminal and whose Layer 2 and Layer 3 protocol is handled in the same way in the RPD. Each AG has a number, which is the access group reference. The AG reference is a logical number that refers to the AG and not to any physical hardware. The connection between the AG reference and a physical signalling terminal is handled automatically by GAM. For each application (PRA, V5 etc.) there is a pool of signalling terminals, from where GAM fetches a signalling terminal to connect it to an AG in order to handle traffic. Signalling terminals left in the pool are stand by terminals which can be connected at failure. A switch over from a faulty to a stand by signalling terminal in the same pool is done automatically by the system when a fault occurs.
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The system simply has to change the connection between the AG reference and the physical hardware. The command GNACI is used to connect an AG to the Access signalling device and on the same operation to tie the access group to a specific RP type. The RP type needs only be specified when connecting a signalling channel to an access group for the first time. All subsequent signalling channels which are connected to that access group will take the same RP type. It is possible to connect up to 31 signalling channel devices to the same access group in one command. The connection relevant to our example is given below: GNACI:AG=2, DEV=LIPRAE-16; GNACI:AG=2, DEV=LIPRAE-48; GNACI:AG=2, DEV=LIPRAE-80; GNACI:AG=3, DEV=LIPRA-272; ! ISDN-E ! ! ISDN-E ! ! BGC ! ! ISDN-XSS !
In the last step the SNT and the DIP must be deblocked.
4.3.5
Connection of a PRA Subscribers

1. SNB PXR 2. SNB PXR DEV 3. SNB SCL 4. SNB APA Connection of group number. Group number. Subroute Connection of PBX line. Group number. Subroute Device Change of subscriber categories Group number. Subscriber category Modification of access parameters. Group number. Access parameters SUPRI:SNB=snb,PXR=pxr,DETY=LIBA;
SUPLI:SNB=snb,PXR=pxr,DEV=dev;
SUSCC:SNB=snb,SCL=scl;
SUAPC:DEV=dev,APA=apa;
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4.3.6PRA (E) - Connection of users

Example The following procedure handles a PBX Subscriber Connection (Access Type PRA -E). A PBX named COMPANY5 is defined and group number 71900000 is connected to it. It is assigned the DSS1E protocol variant. Devices LIPRAE-3, LIPRAE-4 and LIPRAE-5 are connected to the PBX named COMPANY5. Individual subscriber numbers 71900001, 71900002, 71900003 and 71900004 are then connected to the PBX named COMPANY5. The command sequency is the following: IUPBI:PBX=COMPANY5,SNB=71900000,REFP=2, PROTVAR=DSS1E; Command IUPBI defines a PBX, an associated group number, and a reference point for the subscriber services. The reference point (T or S) is chosen according to the configuration of the devices to be connected. In applications that support multiple access protocols, the user can specify the protocol variant that is to be used for all accesses connected to the PBX. If the PROTVAR parameter is omitted the default protocol variant (application dependent), is given to the PBX. Only one such command can be given at a time.
IUPDI:PBX=COMPANY5,DEV=LIPRAE-3&&-5; Command IUPDI connects one or several devices to a defined PBX. The devices must be hardware connected. The PBX must be previously defined and connected to a group number. In applications that support multiple access protocols, all devices connected to the PBX are given the same protocol variant as the PBX. If the device has an assigned protocol variant, it must be equal to the protocol variant of the PBX.
IUPNI:PBX=COMPANY5,SNB=71900001&&71900004; Command IUPNI connects one or several vacant subscriber numbers to a PBX. Finally, the hunting group must be specified by using the command IUPHI. Hunt groups are groups of B-channels connected to a specific PBX. They are used when the PBX receives a call (terminating call case) to search (hunt) for a free B-channel.
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The hunting type connected to the PBX defines the search order of each hunt group when a terminating call reaches the PBX. Each PBX has hunt groups connected to it, and each hunt group has basic services, a hunting type, and sometimes reduced hunting connected to it. These parameters are originally set up using an exchange parameter and can later be changed using the command IUPHC .
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4.4 Summary
For ISDN applications two different types exists: the Basic Access
(2B+D) and the Primary Rate Access(30B+D).
CCITT has specified standard reference points for the subscriber access
to the ISDN network.
The ISDN subscriber has the possibility to use a variety of Terminal

Equipment, e.g. ISDN telephone, data terminals, personal computers and fax machines.
Up to eight ISDN terminals can be connected to the S-bus in one BA. An EMRPD controls the equipment in an LSM-BA. A maximum of 32 Basic Accesses can be connected to one LSM-BA. An EMRP controls the equipment in an LSM-PRA. A maximum of four Primary Rate Accesses can be connected to the LSM-PRA.
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Ericsson Telecom AB Internal Training MV/ETX/X/HCX S-126 25 Stockholm, Sweden Telephone: +46 8 719 9222 http://www.mv.etx.ericsson.se
EN/LZT 101 1618 R1A Ericsson Telecom AB
Subject to alterations without prior notice. Printed in Sweden.

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AXE 10 System Testing 1

Access: PSTN, ISDN, V5 Subscriber Switching Subsystem

1. Introduction to access network

2. Subscriber Switch introduction

3. Analogue Subscriber Access

1. Introduction to access network

Remote PSTN Subscriber Access, where analogue subscriber lines are

AM adapted ISDN-E and non AM adapted ISDN Primary Rate Access

CSS LSM LSM LSM LSM LSM SE MTU FSK ETC

RSS LSM LSM LSM LSM LSM SE MTU

30B+D (PRA) CAS-LSM

CSK CSR KRDD

Access hardware in Local Exchange, LE

Introduction to access network

V 5.1 and V5.2 SL interface in AXE

V5.1 OR V5.2 SL ISDN BA PSTN

Access Access Node Node

ETC ETC RPG RPG GSS

V5.1 OR V5.2 SL ISDN BA PSTN

Access Access Node Node

V5.1 and V5.2 SL interface in AXE

Introduction to access network

Carrying Internet and other data traffic

Subscriber Switch introduction

2. Subscriber Switch introduction

Subscriber Switching Subsystem (SSS) - this provide the interface

Subscriber Control Subsystem (SCS) - this coordinates traffic functions

Group Switching Subsystem Subscriber Switching Subsystem

2.2 Functions in SSS

Access Switching Subscriber line signalling Power feed Concentration Maintenance

Subscriber Switch introduction

ISDN PRA / V5 Interface

ANSA, ANalogue Subscriber Access, POTS with analogue ordinary

Subscriber Line Signalling to send and receive at the Subscriber

Power feed is supplied by the Subscriber Switch to all subscribers that

Switching Function in SSS

Subscriber Switch introduction

Internal PCM System

External PCM System

GSS SSS PCM

Group Switching Subsystem Subscriber Switching Subsystem Pulse Code Modulation

Max 2040 PSTN Subscribers

Min. 2, and up to max24 E1 Links

Subscriber Switch introduction

Access Functions ANSA

Maintenance Functions MANSA

Maintenance for ANSA Maintenance for BA Maintenance for PRA

Function Groups for Maintenance of the accesses in SSS

2.3 SSS in the Network

Centrally located, close to the Group Switch, in the exchange. In this

Remotely Located, at a distance from the exchange. In this case it is

AXE Local Exchange SSS

PCM GSS SSS

Pulse Code Modulation Group Switch Subsystem Subscriber Switch Subsystem

EMG CSS RSS

Extension Module Group Central Subscriber Switch Remote Subscriber Switch

Subscriber Switch introduction

The speech path

Subscriber Switch introduction

ANSA LSM LIC LIC TSW JTC/ETB

TSB BA LSM DLIC DLIC TSW JTC/ETB

LSM ETP ETP TSW JTC/ETB

ANSA BA PRA PRA IS PABX GSS LSM

LIC DLIC ETP TSW TSB JTC ETB