UNIT V

AC voltage controller and cycloconverter

4.1.1 Single-phase AC voltage controller

VT 1 VT2 u1 io uo

u1 O R uo O io

t t t

The phase shift range (operation range of phase delay angle): 0

O u VT O

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Resistive load, quantitative analysis

RMS value of output voltage

Uo =
2 1 1 ( ) 2 U sin t d t = U sin 2 + 1 1 2

(4-1)

RMS value of output current

Uo Io = R RMS value of thyristor current

2U 1 sin t U1 1 1 sin 2 ( ) IT = d t = ( 1 + ) 2 R R 2 2

(4-2)

(4-3)

Power factor of the circuit

=

P UoIo Uo 1 = = = sin 2+ S U1 I o U1 2

(4-4)

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Inductive (Inductor- resistor) load , operation principle

u1 VT 1 VT2 u1 io R uo L O uG1 O uG2 O uo O io
The phase shift range:

t t t t t t

uVT O

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4.2 Other AC controllers

4.2.1 Integral cycle controlAC power controller

VT 1 VT2 u1 io uo

Conduction uo angle =

2 N M uo,io 3 M 4 M
= 2

2 U1

R O M

2 M

u1

Line period Control period = M *Line period

Circuit topologies are the same as AC voltage controllers. Only the control method is different. Load voltage and current are both sinusoidal when thyristors are conducting. EE2301-POWER ELECTRONICS

4.3 Thyristor cycloconverters

4.3.1 Single- phase thyristor-cycloconverter Circuit configuration and operation principle

P Z N

uo

a p= 2

Output voltage

Average

ap=0

output voltage

a p=

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Single- phase thyristor-cycloconverter

Modes of operation
u o,i o O t1 uP uo t uo t2 io t3 t4 t5 t

uP

iP uo

io

iN uN

O uN O iP O iN O P N
Rectifi cation Inver sion

uo

t t bl ocki ng
Rectifi cation Inver sion

bl ocki ng

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Typical waveforms

uo
O

io
O 1 2 3 4 5
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t
6

Modulation methods for firing delay angle

Calculation method For the rectifier circuit

uo = U d0 cos

(4-15)

u2 u3 u4 u5 u6

u1
t

For the cycloconverter output ap3 ap4 (4-16) us2 us3 us4 us5 us6 us1 uo

uo = U om sin ot

Equating (4- 15) and (4-16)

U om cos = sin sin ot = ot U d0

therefore (4-17)
1 = cos (sin ot)

Principle of cosine wave-crossing method

(4-18)

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Output voltage ratio (Modulation factor) 150

=0 =0.1 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.9 1.0

Uom 120 = (0 1) Ud 0 /( ) 90
60 30 0

1.0 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.1

3 2 t 2 2 Out put vol t age phase angl e

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The configuration with common input line

4.3.2 Three- phase thyristor-cyclo converter

4-24 EE2301-POWER ELECTRONICS

The configuration with star-connected output

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Typical waveforms

Output voltage

200 t/ms

Input current with Single-phase output

200 t/ms

Input current with 3-phase output

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200 t/ms

 Input and output characteristics The maximum output frequency and the harmonics in the output voltage are the same as in single-phase circuit. Input power factor is a little higher than single-phase circuit. Harmonics in the input current is a little lower thanthe single- phase circuit due to the cancellation of some harmonics among the 3 phases. To improve the input power factor: Use DC bias or 3k order component bias on each of the 3 output phase voltages Features and applications Features: Direct frequency conversionhigh efficiency Bidirectional energy flow, easy to realize 4- quadrant operation Very complicatedtoo many power semiconductor devices Low output frequency Low input power factor and bad input current waveform Applications: High power low speed AC motor drive
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4.4 Matrix converter

Circuit configuration

i nput b

c u v out put w b) S ij

S1
1

S1
2

S1
3

S2
1

S2
2

S2
3

S3
1

S3
2

S3
3

a)
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Usable input voltage

Um

1 Um 2

U1m

3 U1m 2

a)

b)

c)

a) Single-phase input b) Use 3 phase voltages voltage to construct output voltage

c) Use 3 line-line voltages to construct output voltage

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Features

Direct frequency conversionhigh efficiency can realize good input and output waveforms, low harmonics, and nearly unity displacement factor Bidirectional energy flow, easy to realize 4- quadrant operation Output frequency is not limited by input frequency No need for bulk capacitor (as compared to indirect frequency converter) Very complicatedtoo many power semiconductor devices Output voltage magnitude is a little lower as compared to indirect frequency converter.

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