Manual 13-9-11 Definitivo

BASIC STAGE
BY PAULINO ARREDONDO ORDENES English Instructor
First edition DDI 209243
British English Handbook Basic Stage.
Foreword
BASIC BRITISH ENGLISH has its origin in the southern chilean islanders need of communication with the foreign visitors who join us every year. The Chilo Islands offer the foreigners a great opportunity to explore our native forest finding the exuberant vegetation and wildlife that Charles Darwin described in 1834 after his steps by Chile. Its our duty to take advantage of this moment creating facilities for the foreigners to have a pleasant and profitable stay. With good results the visitors may come back and also recommend their friends to do the same wonderful travel. This incipient edition is constructed for adult students that want to remember their knowledge, so, the constant practice of reading, speaking and writing will be the method. This Handbook teaches you how to communicate with simple grammar and vocabulary considering either the street English spoken and the one used in formal occasions. Lets start working then. You are welcome. God save my relatives, friends and my pupils. Paulino
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Contents Personal, possessive, genitive, demonstrative, reflexive and reciprocal pronouns. Definite and indefinite articles. Place, time and directions prepositions. Quantifier and countable nouns. Adjectives General use of verbs and the short forms. Continuous verb tenses. Present simple tense. Present continuous tense Imperative sentences Numbers dates and time. Cardinal and ordinal numbers. Construction of sentences . Construction of speeches.
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I You He She It
yo t l ella ello (neutro)
I am a doctor You are a nurse He is a turist She is pretty. It is cloudy today. We are bored
Yo soy doctor T eres enfermera l es un turista Ella es linda Hoy est nublado Nosotros estamos aburridos Vosotros estis hambrientos
We
nosotros vosotros, ustedes ellos, ellas
You They
You are hungry
They are at the Ellos estn en cinema. el cine.
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Me You Him Her It Us You Them
m A ti a l a ella a ello a nosotros a vosotros a ellos/ellas
Can you help me? I can help you. Can you help him? Give it to her. Give it a bone Can you help us? I can help you. He can help them.
Puedes ayudarme? Puedo ayudarte Le puedes ayudar? Dselo a ella. Dale un hueso. Nos puedes ayudar? Les puedo ayudar l les puede ayudar.
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En ingls no existe diferencia entre los pronombres "usted" Y "ustedes" los que son ms formales para nosotros; se usa el pronombre YOU para ambos.
FORMA NEUTRA,
Los pronombres en ingls distinguen entre masculino (he), femenino (she) y neutro (it), tal y como se muestra en la tabla de pronombres. El pronombre personal "it" se usa cuando nos referimos a cosas, animales, fechas, horas y clima. Una de las caractersticas que los diferencian, es que se usan en palabras o sustantivos sin calificacin femenina ni masculina, salvo algunas excepciones.
Examples Where is it? It is eating the food? It is cold to day = = = Where is the book? the cat is eating the food. the weather is cold to day
T: ______________________________________________ T:______________________________________________ T: ______________________________________________
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FUNCIONES
Los pronombres personales, se distinguen dependiendo de si estn en funcin del sujeto o en funcin del objeto.
EL PRONOMBRE EN FUNCIN DE SUJETO.

En este caso el sujeto ser la primera persona
Sentence I am angry You are a student My mother is at home My brother is at school We are at the stadium She is reading a book SPELLING PRACTICES*
subject
translate
I ____________________________ you __________________________ my mother_____________________ my brother_____________________ We __________________________ She___________________________
El PRONOMBRE EN FUNCIN DEL OBJETO

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Este pronombre se coloca despus del verbo al que complementa y, despus de preposiciones como for, to, with, at. Se dice en funcin del objeto porque se da a conocer a quien le afecta la accin.
Mark the subject and the object. Translate and speak : I can help you_________________________________________ Can you see him? ____________________________________ May I help you? _____________________________________ I want to study with you_________________________________ He is talking with her____________________________________ She is calling you______________________________________ They are playing with us_______________________________ __________________________________________________
Indicate the subject, object and preposition Complete, Translate and speak
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We are . the stadium__________________________ They went . France______________________________ I wentQuelln____________________________ He is dancing..your sister_________________________ It is waiting.. them_____________________________ It is running the cat_____________________________ He is going to the party .. us________________________
Construct short related sentences
__________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________
estos funcionan como adjetivos y no llevan artculo antes.
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My Your His Her Its
mi, mis tu, tus su, sus su, sus su, sus nuestro/a nuestros/as vuestro/a, vuestros/as, su, sus su, sus
This is my house. This is your book. This is his bicycle. This is her dress. This is its collar These are our suitcases. These are your seats. These are their books.
est es mi casa este es tu libro
est es su bicicleta este es su vestido este es su collar estas son nuestras maletas Estos son sus asientos
Our
Your
Their
Estos son sus libros
El pronombre cambia de forma para enfatizar la posesin.
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Mine Yours His Hers Its Ours
Mio / s, ma / s Tuyo /s tuya/s,
This book is mine Is this book yours?
este libro es mio este libro es tuyo? la bicicleta de l el vestido de ella
suyo/s, suya/s This bicycle is his. suyo/s, suya/s The dress is hers.
nuestro/s, nuestra/s vuestro / os, vuestra / as, suyo/a, suyos/as
The suitcases are ours. These seats are yours. This book is theirs. Estos son asientos son suyos este libro es de ellos
Yours
Theirs
Como podemos apreciar en la tabla, los pronombres posesivos varan segn la primera persona
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speak and translate His bike is red Her bike is white My house is small .. Their house is small My desk is big Your bus goes to Cucao.. Our bus goes to Quemchi. Its name is Pluto.. Our country is Finland. Her country is France.
Construct sentences changing the form .............................. ...............................
El pronombre reemplaza a los artculos determinativos
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Gramaticlmente funciona como un artculo determinativo del sustantivo que acompaa, por lo tanto siempre va en primera posicin dentro de la oracin: My car is blue His house is big
El genitivo, se refiere a la procedencia de tal o cual persona, animal o cosa. Se designa con un apstrofe y luego la letra S. As podemos decir: Her dress... Andrea 's dress
En ambos casos expresamos un poseedor (HER) y un posedo (VESTIDO) Al decir HER DRESS los interlocutores se refieren a la misma persona.
En el segundo caso el que habla da a conocer el nombre del poseedor. Siempre utilizamos el genitivo para referirnos a personas.
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mark the possessor and possessed, speak and translate Possessor possessed
Paul's house... Paulhouse. Mary's bike. Dianas car. Joels cat. Pablos helmet. Cuando nos referirnos a cosas o lugares utilizaremos la preposicin OF The wheel OF the bike. The islands OF Chilo.. The roof OF the house The capital of Castro . .
Podemos usar el genitivo al final de una oracin que acostumbra a ser la respuesta a una pregunta anterior. En estos casos no necesitamos el nombre.
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Speak and translate
Question Where is your sister? Whose house is this?
Answer & Speak She is at Joels house It is Joel `s
What food are you eating ? I`m eating Diana`s food Wish. Whose.. Cuando el nombre del poseedor termina en una S, como Luis, el genitivo se aade a final pero, slo aadiendo el apstrofe: question Whose is this house Whose car is this answer this is Luis' house this is Carlos Car
Question
answer
Whose horse is that ?______________________________ Whose store is this ? ________________________________

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Los pronombres demostrativos pueden estar en singular o plural y hacer referencia a su posicin. Sustituyen al nombre en lugar de
acompaarlo.
Speak and translate I like this orange ______________________________________ I like those oranges____________________________________ These pencils are not mine______________________________ Those pencils are not mine______________________________ She painted this wall___________________________________ She painted that wall___________________________________ ______birds go to Huillinco /_____________________________
You can borrow _______ horses_/_________________________ I always lend ________ horse_/___________________________ Your own examples :
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(Bird)_______________________________________________ (Persons)____________________________________________ (Clams)______________________________________________ (Mussel)______________________________________________ (Fish)________________________________________________ (Water)_______________________________________________
Podemos usarlos al presentarnos a otra persona por telfono . Hello, this is Melisa_____________________________________ Hello, who is that? ______________________________________ Good morning, this is Pedro from the Hotel, May I help you? ______________________________________________________
Cuando no estamos seguros de con quin estamos hablando al otro lado de una puerta, o en penumbras.. Juan, is that you? _____________________________________ Who is this ?_________________________________________
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Who is around there?__________________________________ Cuando presentamos a personas: Mary, this is my friend Pedro_____________________________ That is the car driver___________________________________ This is a good place to visit______________________________ These are the horses___________________________________ Para relatar algo que pas: That pizza was delicious________________________________ That summer was too hot_______________________________ Those restaurants were closed___________________________ This________________________________________________ These______________________________________________
Myself
yo mismo, a mi mismo
I cleaned it for myself.
Lo lav para mi mismo
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Yourself Himself Herself
t mismo, a ti mismo
You made it by yourself
Lo fabricaste tu mismo El mismo lo cocin Lo hizo ella misma. La gaviota cogi eso por si misma Lo hicimos nosotros mismos.
l mismo, a si He cooked it mismo himself. ella misma, a si misma l mismo, as mismo nosotros mismos She did it herself. The seagull got it by itself We made it ourselves.
Itself
Ourselves
Yourselves
vosotros mismos
Pintaron la Did you paint the casa house yourselves? vosotros mismos? They speak to themselves Ellos hablan consigo mismo.
Themselves ellos mismos
Los pronombres reflexivos se usan cuando el sujeto y el complemento del verbo son lo mismo. Da a entender alguna capacidad de hacer algo para si mismo Speak and translate
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I did it myself__________________________________________ She talks to herself_____________________________________ We wrote it ourselves__________________________________ They________________________________________________ He__________________________________________________ The dog scratches ____________ The baby has the milk _________________________________ We are ______________________________________________ My mother is__________________________________________ My neighbour cleans the garden__________________________ His boss the letters _____________________
Conjuntamente con 'by' expresan la idea de que algo se hizo sin ayuda. Fill the missing word ______repaired the TV by himself.
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T: _____cooked their lunch by herself. T: The painter is sick, _____ painted the house ourselves. T: My watch is spoiled, I am going ti fix it ____________. T: The dog found the food ________ T: She made the dress by________ T:
Estos pronombres se forman con las palabras EACH OTHER Este caso se distingue por la actuacin de dos sujetos hablando uno al otro,
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Speak and translate : Diana and Joel call each other every month. ____________________________________________________ The students talk to each other in the classroom ____________________________________________________ The boxers are beating each other. ____________________________________________________ We love each other. __________________________________________________ Pablo and his brothers help each other ___________________________________________________ Write some examples, speak and translate ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________
Designa a una persona o cosa concreta.
USOS
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El artculo THE lo usamos cuando hablamos de un nombre geogrfico como ros, mares, cordilleras, islas, etc. nombres de objetos con nombre propio como barcos, hoteles, publicaciones, etc. The Pacific Ocean, The Andes, Speak and translate _____ Cucao Lake is not so far from Castro __________________________________________________ _____ Estrella newspaper has local news __________________________________________________ The water of _____ Pacific Ocean is too cold __________________________________________________ . the Skorpios II the Esmeralda Hotel,
She likes _____ Esmeralda Hotel to overnight. ___________________________________________________ In winter ______ Andes is full of snow. ____________________________________________________
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The longest river of ____ World is _____ Amazon River. ____________________________________________________ The apples are mixed with _______ oranges. I want ____ cup of tea ___________________________________________________ She wants to smoke the a cigarette ___________________________________________________ He wants to buy the a milcao ___________________________________________________ Diana wants to buy the an apple ___________________________________________________
OMISIONES
Se omite el artculo THE con nombres propios que se reemplazan por el ttulo, como
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Mr. Mrs. Miss. Dr. King, etc: The The Mr. Brown King Arthur The The Dr. Gonzlez Miss Diana
Tampoco se usa con pases , calles, ciudades The The England New York The The Blanco Street Castro
Ni con das, meses, horas, aos, colores, y comidas diarias To day is THE Tuesday. Diana wants to come on THE December. Joel was born on THE 1960. THE green is the color of my football team. My sister has THE blue eyes I have THE lunch at noon.
En algunas conjugaciones no se usa con algunas instituciones pblicas como school, hospital,. She goes to THE school He is in THE hospital ( cuando est hospitalizado) En actividades de entretenimiento, deportes, oficios,
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I study THE medecine Diana likes to play THE baseball Joel goes THE fishing in autumn We play THE chess.
Complete and translate I couldn't hear him because of _____ noise of the jet _________________________________________________ I think _____ guitar is the best instrument to play. _________________________________________________ What is ____ name of this country? _________________________________________________
Can you tell me____ time? ____________________________________________________ Your brother has* _____ brown eyes and *_____ blonde hair ____________________________________________________
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We play *____ football with our friends on saturday ____________________________________________________ She likes *_____ swimming in the new pool of _____Castro ____________________________________________________ How much does ___ lunch cost? ____________________________________________________ You can find _____ cat on _____ roof ___________________________________________________ _____water of ____lake Huillinco is a bit warmer in summer ___________________________________________________ _____ most important place to visit in in Chilo is Dalcahue. ____________________________________________________
OTROS USOS DEL ARTICULO DETERMINADO Las preposiciones OF o TO pueden preceder al artculo; OF como posesin y TO como direccin Fill the empty lines, translate and speak The months of the year ___________________________________
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The hair of the dog _______________________________________ I am going to the seaside _________________________________ Diana will go ___ the hospital with her mother tomorrow ______________________________________________________ They are going ____the stadium ____________________________ ______________________________________________________ The water ____the Maule river is cold ______________________ ______________________________________________________ The trees _____ the country side __________________________ ______________________________________________________
Write your own examples IN SPANISH translate and speak Joel >___________________________________________ T: Diana >_________________________________________ T: Camila >_________________________________________
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T: Pablo >__________________________________________ T: Andrea >__________________________________________ T: Carola >___________________________________________ T: The > _____________________________________________ T: The > _____________________________________________ T:
Para hacer referencia a ubicaciones como Right, Left, Top, Bottom y a los puntos cardinales North, South, East, West
Complete, translate and speak Every year many people come to the south of Chile
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_________________________________________________ The house on the left is my grandmother`s __________________________________________________ The flag is at the top of the building __________________________________________________
The bus stop is on the right hand side

__________________________________________________ You can find clams at the bottom of the sea ___________________________________________________ Arica __________________________________________________ Right __________________________________________________
Con los adjetivos que enfatizan la cualidad del sustantivo como por ejemplo los superlativos, y, con nmeros ordinales The tallest building The tallest building of New York is The Empire State T: ______________________________________________ The fastest train The japanese train is the fastet of the world
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T: ______________________________________________ The first time The first time I met Diana was in a trip to Dalcahue T: ______________________________________________ The seventh floor Pablo`s office is on the seventh floor of the building T: ______________________________________________ The smallest The smallest marsupial of Chile lives in Chilo T:______________________________________________ The longest The longest river of the world is the Amazonas T:
Construct examples: The first __________________________________________________ T:________________________________________________ The second __________________________________________________ T: ________________________________________________ The last
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__________________________________________________ T:________________________________________ The smallest __________________________________________________ T:________________________________________________ The best __________________________________________________ T:________________________________________________ The largest ___________________________________________________ T:_________________________________________________
OMISIONES
Cuando hablamos de algo en forma general . I like ice cream. I like the ice cream Chemistry is difficult. The chemistry is difficult Climbing is a hard sport. The climbing is a hard sport Cooking is an interesting activity. The Cooking is.. Give some examples, translate and speak I like ______________________________________________
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__________________________________________________ _________ is an amazing job they do. __________________________________________________ Diana does`t rent ___________________________________ __________________________________________________ The fishermen always ________________________________ __________________________________________________ German people is famous _____________________________ __________________________________________________
Los trminos A y An
A se utiliza con nombres que comienzan en consonante. A clam , a crab, a fish, a bird, An se usa con nombres que comienzan con vocal. An animal, an apple , an airport , an umbrella
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Complete , translate and speak
Diana is going to by _____ car next week

__________________________________________________
I would like to have _____ pear for dessert ______________________________________________ ___ Desert is a dry place plenty of sand and without water ______________________________________________ Joel caught _____ anguila in Guaitecas last summer ______________________________________________
The director of the film needs ____ actress T: Galvarino Riveros was ____ Admiral born in Curaco de Vlez T: Seagull __________________________________________________ T: Curanto __________________________________________________ T:
ALGUNAS EXCEPCIONES
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Se usa A antes de las palabras que comienzan por la letras U. A University Son muy pocas las palabras que usan AN y comienzan con consonante, por ejemplo An hour An honest man An herb of An heir An honour
Estos son casos en que la H no se pronuncia
Los artculos indeterminados se utilizan para hablar de algn sustantivo comn general sin distinciones especiales
I spend an hour* to get to Ancud. T: We work in a university * all the year round T:
(starts with H) *
(starts with U) *
The kid should go to the sea side with an adult T: There is ________________ in this restaurant
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T: She takes a _____________ every morning. T: They have _______________________________________ T: Note that a university, an hour and an adult dont specify the name, profession, origin, etc.
A o AN se pueden usar en vez de 1 (una unidad)
I want an apple and two oranges. (one apple) T: There are a hundred persons on the street. (One hundred) T: Girl _____________________________________________________ T: Avocado _____________________________________________________
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T: Engineer _____________________________________________________ T: Orange _____________________________________________________ T: Million _____________________________________________________ T:
Para hablar del oficio de alguien, o alguna ideologa A journalist went to Achao to take pictures. T: Our friend Mohamed lives in Turkey and he is a Muslim. T: Carolina lives in Dalcahue, she is a _________________________ T: Pablo ______________________________________________________ T: Architect ______________________________________________________
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T: An > ______________________________________________________ T: A> ___________________________________________________ T:
Existen preposiciones de lugar, movimiento o tiempo. Hay expresiones que simplemente tendremos que memorizar. Esto se logra practicando lectura y redaccin. Las preposiciones pueden servir de enlace entre dos palabras o distintos elementos en la oracin Ex. I'll see you at five o'clock
Pueden acompaar a un verbo sirviendo de enlace a su complemento. En este caso, pueden no alterar el significado del verbo o alterarlo con lo que constituyen una palabra distinta.
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To look To look after To go To go on To close Close to
Mirar (no altera) Cuidar de (se altera el significado del verbo) ir continuar cerrar cerca de
IN / AT / ON
Son los ms comunes. Se usan para indicar lugar o tiempo.
IN
Para indicar espacios cerrados y abiertos, (lugar). Para indicar que algo est dentro de una cosa, en un lugar cerrado, o en el interior de algo. Tambin se utiliza para indicar que se est en un lugar geogrfico. Complete, translate and speak I live in Castro near the supermarket. T:____________________________________________ The cat is sleeping in the brown box.
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T:____________________________________________ I found your address in the phone book. T:_____________________________________________ My parents are T:_____________________________________________
We were waiting for you in __________________________ T:______________________________________________ The secretary is ___________ office. T:______________________________________________
IN
Con meses, aos, pocas, momentos del da, y perodos de tiempo. We went to Santiago in May. T: I always run in the morning. T: I see him in ______________ every Sunday.
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T: She was born ...____________________________________ T: It s too cold ______________________ in Chilo. T: I`m going to meet you______________________________ T:
AT
en, a, al, cerca de, con contacto directo AT se refiere a la ubicacin en un punto determinado, Se usa en diferentes conjunciones verbales y se escribe Antes del lugar, ex. Casa, aeropuerto, universidad, parte de arriba de. Complete, translate and speak He is at home every Saturday afternoon. T: I always visit my sister at work. T: We never play cards at the table. T: The flag is at the top of the building
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T: The clams are ________bottom of __________ . T: You can find the teacher ______________ tomorrow T:
AT
Antes de la hora, eventos o momentos. Joel has breakfast every morning at 6 oclock. T: We will see them at Christmas. T: The bus to Ancud leaves at 8 o`clock. T: The bank opens ___________________________ T: The last bus to Dalcahue leaves ___________________ T: Ill meet you at the end of the party
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T: The football players get a shower at the end of the game T: The singers ____________________ folkloric festival now. T:
ON
Sobre, encima de algo, con contacto directo. Antes de nombres de lugares con base y superficies como mesas, suelos, techo, pared, piso de un edificio, en un medio de transporte . Complete, translate and speak Your coffee is on the table. T: Your father has a picture of his aunt on the wall. T: Hello Diana, it`s Joel calling you, am travelling on the bus now. T: Her apartment is on the second floor. T:
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The passengers are on ______________ now T: The Curanto is cooked ___________________ T:
ON
Con fechas, das, meses, celebraciones. She went to Puyehue on the first of May. T: He plays babyfootball on Monday afternoon. T: I will visit Pablo ____ ____ birthday. T: I was born in _____________ T: We will finish the classes on November. T: All these students go to church ______ _____________.
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______1965.
T: The folkloric festival of Dalcahue is ___________________ T:
NEXT TO or
BESIDE
= al lado de, junto a.
Se colocan despus del verbo principal, generalmente TO BE en cualquiera de los tiempos presente, pasado, o futuro, en sus formas tanto simples como compuestas. Next to eleccin, Complete, translate and speak The supermarket is next to the school The supermarket is ___________the School __________________________________________________ The dog stayed beside its master all night. The dog stayed _________ its master all night __________________________________________________ There is a woman standing __________your car. There is a woman standing next to your car
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beside se pueden usar indistintamente a libre
_________________________________________________
Diana sat beside me without speaking. Diana sat __________ me without speaking. T:. They have built a beautiful house beside the lake They have built a beautiful house ____________ the lake T: The horse _______________ next to __________________ The horse _______________ ________ ________________ T: Diana likes to be beside me when we are in a meeting Diana likes to be _________ me when we are in a meeting T: House > ________________next to __________________ T: _______________________beside___________________. T:
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BY
Significado: cerca, al lado de, junto a Los contextos son parecidos a next to pero el significado de by se usa ms para referirse a algo o alguien que est cerca o alrededor de. The dog was lying asleep by the fire. T: Our house is by the river T: I left my umbrella and my shoes by the door T: Joel leads his horses to drink water ___________________ T: Tambin para describir el medio de locomocin que usamos When I travel by plane I sit by the window T: We want to travel to Santiago _________________________. T:
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BETWEEN
Entre dos objetos o personas. The shop is between the bank and the bus station. T: She is standing between Joel and Pablo. T: The house ___ ___________ the tree and the river T: The car is between those two buses T: The city Council is between the museum and the crafts exhibition T: The police station ___ _______ the school and _____________ T: Piruquina ___ ___________ _________ and ________________ T: The picture you are looking for is between pages four and five T:
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BEHIND
Detrs de
The park is behind the school. He is standing behind you. When we are in the classroom Joel sits behind Diana T: When I go to the park with my dog it _____ ______ ___ T: In the car ___________________________________________________ T: The tree ___________________________________________________ T: The wall ___________________________________________________ T: The horse race ___________________________________________________ T:
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IN FRONT OF vs OPPOSITE
The mall is in front of the station. The mall is opposite the station T: The store is in front of the market. The store is opposite the market T: She is standing in front of you. T: She is sitting opposite you. T: I am
ubicaciones
__________________________________________________ T: You are __________________________________________________ T: The boat __________________________________________________
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UNDER
BELOW
bajo, debajo, sin contacto.
The eraser is under the chair The eraser is below the chair T: The sheep is grazing under those tall trees T The boat is under the palafito T: The divers catch the clams underwater T: Can you see that __________ ________ ____ clouds? T: The cat is ________________ below ______ table T: Curanto_____________________________________________ T: The shoes _____________________________________________________
ABOVE OVER
por encima, sobre de, sin contacto.

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The roof is above the floor The roof is over the floor. The plane is flying _______ the clouds T: Castro is 328, 08 feet _________ the sea level T: To avoid the rain we use an _________ _________ ________ T: What`s the name of those leaves ________ ____ Curanto? T: Hut ____________________________________________________ T: The second floor ____________________________________________________ T: Over > ______________________________________________
T:
BEFORE
antes, antes de.
Despus de verbos, nombres o sustantivos.

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Letter A is before letter B Im going to buy the newspaper before going home T: They arrived at Castro before us. T: The famous Dalcahue Festival is _________ _____ __________ T Is there any ___________ ___________ Achao? T: Diana _______________________________________________ T: Pablo _______________________________________________ T: Carola ______________________________________________ T: Camila _____________________________________________ T:
AFTER
despus, despus de,
Se coloca despus de verbos, nombres o sustantivos.

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Letter B is after letter a

We will see you after the game. T: My wife ironed my trousers after washing them T: Its not advisable to go swimming after lunch T: Is there any activity _________ __________ ______________ ? T: It`s advisable to drink some _______ _______ ____________ T: Dinner __________________________________________________ T: TV news __________________________________________________ T:
DURING
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During + sustantivo: seala el momento durante el cual se desarrolla la accin, NO la duracin de sta. Indica un periodo de tiempo que tiene nombre propio.
I was sleepy during the concert I just rested during my winter holidays T: Dont talk to the driver during the trip. T: I dont like to watch television during the day. T: Diana likes to _______ _________ ________ a trip T: Are there enough policemen in Castro ________ ____ ______ ? T: Football game _________________________________________________ T: TV program ________________________________________________? T:
FOR
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For + (periodo de tiempo): describe la duracin temporal de una accin. I lived in London for two years T: You can enjoy our festival for two days
T:
Hi`s been sick for three weeks

T:
We have a real summer in Chilo for one month

T:
The bus ___________________________________________________ T: Earth ___________________________________________________

T:
Visitors ___________________________________________________ T:
For se usa tambin para referirse al destino de algo
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I bought a gift for Diana on her birthday T: They always invite us to have dinner for Christmas T: Will you be in Chile for the New Year party? T: Diana writes a beautiful poem for Joel T: People
________________________________________________________
T: Flour ____________________________________________________ T: Meat ___________________________________________________ T: Lettuce ___________________________________________________ T:
WHILE
mientras
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I will play while you read T: He cooked the lunch while we were studying. T: Please hold the child while I buy the bread. T: Pablo was singing while ________ ________ _______ _______ T: He is going to ride the horse _________ you _______ _________ T: Listen ____________________________________________________ T: Sleep ____________________________________________________ T: Tomatoes ____________________________________________________ T:
Preposiciones de direccin o movimiento
TO
hacia. a..
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Despus de los verbos de movimiento como ir, venir, volver, caminar, volar, They come to Castro very often. Joel flew to Santiago this morning. T: I `m going to wash my car this Saturday T: Pablo was _________ to the office at that time T: Train _________________________________________________ T: Letter _________________________________________________ T: Office _________________________________________________ T:
Proposiciones ms usadas
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about above after among at before behind below beneath beside between but by down except for
alrededor de, sobre por encima de detrs de, despus de entre (tres o ms) en, junto a antes de, delante de detrs de debajo de debajo de junto a entre (dos o ms) excepto, pero por, junto a hacia abajo excepto para, por, durante, desde hace
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from in into like near of off on over since through throughout till = until to under upon with without
de, desde en, dentro de en, adentro como, igual a cerca de de de (alejndose), fuera de en, sobre por encima de, al otro lado desde a travs de por todo hasta a, hasta, hacia por debajo de up hacia arriba
(poniendo) sobre, encima con sin
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Los nombres se usan para referirse a personas, animales, cosas, objetos, eventos, lugares o ideas abstractas. La gran mayora no tienen gnero. teacher , dog ,knife ,table, fork ,house, happiness Los plurales A la mayora de nombres se les agrega sencillamente una final para formar el plural. Camera / cameras House / houses Bird / birds Boat / boats Duck / ducks pen / pens car / cars mussel / mussels girl / girls coin / coins
S al
I have a coin in my pocket I have ten coins in my pocket
Excepciones:
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Palabras que terminan en consonante +
y cambia a i + es +
party / parties city / cities dirty / dirties A lady called me this morning, she wants to know me Two ______ ______________________________ T: There is a party in Castro tonight so I will go with the lady. There are two parties in castro tonight ____________________ T: The baby cried all the night round The babies cried all the night round T: A lorry is carryng salmon from Quelln Two _______ ________________________________________ T:
Palabras que terminan en vocal + Y aadimos una S
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boy / boys toy / toys
day / days way / ways
I have to finish the work in one day I have to finish the work in ________________ T: I went to Arica last winter and spent two days T: Diana has only one way to solve the problem T: There are two _________ to get to Dalcahue T: Boy __________________________________________________ T: Toy __________________________________________________ T:
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Hero / heroes There were many heroes in the Pacific War. T: brush / brushes She has two brushes to clean her teeth T: watch / watches How many watches do you have to be sold? T: box / boxes I sent to Santiago four boxes with 120 wool bonnets T: Fox / foxes ___________________________________________________ T: Bus / buses Puerto Montt ___________________________________________________ T:
Palabras que terminan en F o FE
Cambia a VES
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leaf / leaves wife / wives I need a sharp knife to cut a piece of that nice roast lamb She will bring enough __________ for us. Please bring a loaf of bread to us We need you to bring some ________of bread for the barbecue A calf was born this morning at Pablo`s farm There are some _______ grazing under those trees Its essential to keep the life of this animal In Chilo we keep the LIVES of our environment ( THIS IS ONE OF THE FEW EXCEPTIONS)
Irregular Plural Nouns

Sustantivos que se pluralizan de un modo irregular. Hay dos tipos Cuando el singular y plural son iguales Singular Plural
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fish sheep cod deer
fish sheep cod deer
fishes sheeps codes deers
No existe regla que se pueda seguir. Es necesario simplemente memorizar. Man Woman Child Person Tooth Mouse men women children people teeth mice
Indican cantidades.
Utilizamos los cuantificadores para expresar la idea de cantidad o nmero
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Existen los contables, incontables. Son repuestas a la pregunta Cuntos? o Cunto?
Some
algunos / as
Se refiere a una cantidad indefinida. Se usa en frases afirmativas e interrogativas. Leave us some apples T: Dont worry; I have some money to pay the taxi T: Would you like some milk in your coffee? T: Pablo has some British friends at the university T: Wine?
A little, Little,
un poco poco
con sustantivos incontables singulares que no tienen plural Tea, sugar, coffee, water I always drink a little wine for lunch. T:
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Do you have a little salt left? T: There is a little snow on the mountains T: With a little help of my friends. (Joe Coker) T: Money The car has _________ _______ so can not go up the hill T: Flour T: Love ____________________________________________________ T:
A few Few
unos pocos pocos
Con sustantivos contables en plural In fact I have just a few books at home T: There are a few flamencos at this moment
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T: The bus will not leave because there are few persons T: That Island has few trees
T: Animals _________________________________________________ T: Stones _________________________________________________ T: Glasses _________________________________________________ T:
Any
Para cantidades indefinidas.
En frases interrogativas o negativas refirindose a la ausencia de cantidad. Las respuestas sern afirmativas o negativas. Are there any Argentinians here? T: You can not use the toilette, there is not any water.
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T: There are a lot of jackets, buy any one you want. T: Do you have to do any thing this evening? T: Are there any bread left for me? T: Horses _________________________________________________ T: Fish _________________________________________________ T: Any > _________________________________________________ T:
NO.
Tiene valor negativo. El verbo se usa infinitivo. (I dont have any money) No, theres no one.
I have no money now. T:
Are there any people at the festival? T:
The weather was too bad yesterday so we have no fish now. T:

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Pablo cant cook today because ___
_____ ____
ingredients.
T: To day we cant watch TV, there is no electricity. T: Rain ____________________________________________ T: Music _____________________________________________ T: No > ________________________________________ T:
Much
So much, Too much, How much?
Se usan con sustantivos incontables. Diana loves so much Joel, she wants to marry him.
T:
He likes so much chilean food, he always talks about it. T:
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You had too much milk, you will get sick. T: Dont buy too much sugar, we have some at home.
T: Your horse ran too much, it needs to rest now. T: Dust _____________________________________________ T: Wine ______________________________________________ T:
Con las consultas de precios se hace una excepcin ya que los pesos s se pueden contar. How much is it? Its twenty thousand pesos.
T:
These are good cars, how much ______ _________?
T: House ______________________________________________
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T: Books ______________________________________________ T:
Much solo o combinado con very significa simplemente MUCHO The trip was very nice. Thank you very much. T: I haven't drunk much but, anyway Ill not drive my car. T: I dont have much time so hurry up. T:
A lot
A lot of
Se usa alternndose con MUCH. He's got a lot of money. = I have a lot of milk They have a lot of work T:
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He has much money = I have much milk.
= _________________________
I dont have much patience with you. I dont have a lot of patience with you. T: They dont spend much electricity in winter. They dont _______ _________ ______________ T: There was no much music at the festival as I expected There was no ______ ______ ______ ___________________ T: Wind __________________________________________________
Many
Se usa con sustantivos contables This room has many chairs Pablo has many sheep I saw that film _________ _____________ T: How many people are there at the stadium?
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T: I ate ______ ______ at the restaurant. T: Mrs. Carolina made _______ _______ for the Curanto. T: Windows _________________________________________________ T: Tickets __________________________________________________ T:
Several
T:
Varias cosas, personas o animales
He visit us several times a year I told you several times to get out this dog from here
T:
Trips _________________________________________________ T: Nights
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_________________________________________________ T: Certain para referirse a un sustantivo en singular o plural. Algo cierto, preciso, seguro. The princess lives I a certain castle near Aberdeen. T: A certain Mr. Lpez called you this morning. T: A certain day when I was a child. T: Car ___________________________________________________ T:
Nombres o sustantivos que se pueden contar: One [a] pencil two cats three houses
Nombres o sustantivos que no podemos contar: Salt, wood, tea, wine, sugar, bread, furniture, hair, information, Weather, rice. no hay cantidad definida de la forma como
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Nos referimos a estas palabras. How much salt do you use? T: Tom has a lot of wood . T: She wants some tea T: Lgicamente se podrn contar si agregamos alguna medida Five grams of salt Five pieces of wood Two cups of tea tea I use five grams of salt Tom has five pieces of wood she wants two cups of She wants four teas Tom has five woods I use three salts
Nombres contables plurales

Egg / eggs Dress / dresses Rice rices Bicycle / bicycles apple / apples milk milks
Ya sabemos que a o an se usan con nombres contables en singular.
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Complete, translate and speak

He needs to buy ten _______ ___ wood
T:
We are producing _____ ________ ____ milk

T:
According to the number of people, we need ____ ____ __ tea

T:
Some people eat too ___________ meat

T:
How _________ fish you have to sell me?

T:
Flour
_____________________________________________________ T:
There + be indican la existencia de algo. There + be se usan con todos los tiempos verbales. A veces vara la conjugacin para algunos singulares y plurales. Singular There is a book There is milk There is one book There one milk
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There an apples Plural There are five books T: There are three books
There is one apples
there are two books there are a hundred people
T:
There is a boat on the sea
T:
there is a party this evening there is a bus over there
There is a storm in Chilo T:
Open questions leave room for a description or opinion. There are eight forms
What, when, where, which, who, Whom, whose , why and how .
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What, when you are asking for information about something. When, to ask about the time that something happened or will happen. Where, to ask questions about place or position. Which, when you are asking for information about one of a limited number of things. Who, or whom when you are asking about someone's identity. Whose, to ask about possession. Why, to ask for a reason. How, to ask about the way in which something is done.
Examples What is your name? the party? My name is Carole. The party is on I'm from England. The red car is mine. I'm the manager. this web site? It's Joels.
When is Tuesday. Where Which
are you from? is your car?
Who are you? Whose is
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Why are you in a hurry? How are you?

Her name is Debora.
Because my bus leaves now. I'm fine thanks.
Q:
My boat is the black one over there.
Q:
I`m going to Chepu tomorrow morning.
Q:
They were born in Tasmania.
Q:
Im the cooker in charge
Q:
They are words that modify the nouns, changing their features including amounts, dimensions, looking, etc. The white house A happy girl A brown cat There are six types of them: the white ball a narrow street a warm weather
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Descriptive / Qualitative
There is a nice girl in the auditorium. T: There are three fat guys walking on the street T: Chile is a long and narrow country. T: The officers were evacuated from the White House T: Long _________________________________________________ T:
Bad
____________________________________________
T: Cold
_____________________________________________
T: Wet
_____________________________________________
T:
Demonstratives
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This is a quite city T: These chocolates are yours T: These ________________ T:
that ship is going to Aisn those persons are divers this_________________
Mountains _________________________________________________ T: Seats __________________________________________________ T:
Quantitative
Many quantifiers are also adjectives, e.g. FEW, certain, several. most, whole. Do you want some salt? T: Many years ago I came here T: I have little money T: We have internet in the whole world. T:
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Does any one want a drink? There is no much bread for all
He does`t have enough time
I bought a few biscuits for you. T: Some _______________________________________________ T: Any _______________________________________________ T: Much _______________________________________________ T:
Interrogatives
The interrogatives we saw in the Open Questions are also adjectives. Which seat do you want? T: What a hell are you doing? T: How long is that rope? T: I dont know where the cat is T:
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Possessives
The possessives pronouns act as adjectives as well. My next trip is going to be to Tenan T: Your neighbour is a bit noisy T: His boat is not appropriate to cross the channel. T: One of our natural attractions are the wetlands. T:
Numerical
One of the nice cities to visit in Chile is Dalcahue. T: We need four pieces of meat for lunch T: The first bus to Puerto Montt leaves at 6.30 am T: The third Commandment is to sanctify the holidays T: The first Region of Chile is Arica. T: Row
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_________________________________________________ T: Hundred _________________________________________________ Punta Arenas _________________________________________________ T: Chilo _________________________________________________ T: Times _________________________________________________
Uses of more than one adjective

When using more than one adjective to describe a noun we place them in the following order before the noun. Usually no more than three adjectives are used. 1- Opinion or value 2- Dimension 3- Age y temperature Cheap, wonderful, nice, pretty... short, large, small, tall................ new, modern, old, cold, hot
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4- Shape y surface 5- Color 6- Origin 7- Material 8- Use 9- Noun
round, fat, thin, square. red, black, blue, green... Spanish, American, Columbian wool, wood, plastic, metal, electric, automatic toilet, towel, house, girl, bird
EXAMPLES OF MORE THAN ONE ADJECTIVE Opinion-dimension This is a delicious large apple T: _______________________________________________ Opinion-age Diana has a wonderful modern car T: _______________________________________________ Opinion-shape Diana is a pretty thin girl
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T: _______________________________________________ Opinion-color Chilo has many nice green landscapes T: _______________________________________________ Shape-color-origin Look at that fat black American guy T: _______________________________________________ Dimension-color-origin Joel is riding a large brown Arab horse
Opinion-dimension-age In Dalcahue you can find a _____________________ church T: Opinion-dimension-temperature We like the _______________________________ empanadas. T: Dimension-color-material I only have _________________________________ sweaters. T:
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Opinion-dimension-origin _________________________________________________ T: Age-origin-material __________________________________________________ T: Dimension-origin-use ___________________________________________________ T:
These words are used to express actions in the present past and future. Before the verb we write the preposition
TO
To make To begin To be to take to end to have to get to finish to do to go to stay to know to come to change to like
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At the end of this handbook you will find a list of the most used verbs. Like all the languages there are diferents times of use, PRESENT, PAST, FUTURE, and even, with each one of them well find diferent types as well. Now lets concentrate in the simple present tense. As the sentence says this time of the verb indicates what is happening just NOW. We already have seen some examples of the verbs times, and, the one we are talking about works as follows. Taking the preceding examples of verbs, we have the following examples in the simple present tense: (translate and speak) I make fifty empanadas every day. You take the hot kettle with care He gets the bus at 7.00 o clock She goes to school from monday to friday It comes to eat in the night
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We begin to play at thirty past three You end your work at seven oclock They finsh painting the house on Friday You just stay here
AUXILIARY VERBS
TO BE, TO HAVE, TO DO They may be used like principal or auxiliary verbs.
Sometimes known as helping verbs are verbs that are used to

assist the verb. They can not be used without a main verb. They are used to make negative sentences. Auxiliary verbs are used to ask questions. Auxiliary verbs are used in the sentence structure of the verb sentence.
To be
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The verb "to be" is the main verb used in the sentence.
Subject S. present
I am
you are
he -she - it is
we you - they are
Diana is cooking now. Tom is living in Chile; he is working in Los Lagos region.
They are going to the party tonight night. I was cooking dinner when you callled. How many tourists are having lunch now?
We are sad because we lost our mascot? It is at home now, it came back this morning. The boats _____ ________ on the Dalcahue Channel. She is at home.
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We are ___________ ______ ____________ in the classroom
The students _____ _________ _________ at the Alameda The tourists are ____________ for a restaurant.
The weather is _______ _________, summer is comig soon.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH TO BE

We just mentioned the verb to be is used to ask and answer questions Now we are going to ask typical questions youll find frequently. Am I a handsome man? No you are not, you are too ugly. _T: _T: Is he going to drink something for lunch? Yes he does, he wants some light milk for drinking _T: _T: Is she feeling sick? No she is not, she feels perfect. _T: _T: Is it a tramp dog?
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Yes It is , it has no owner, _T: _T: Are we going to sleep in Castro tonight? No you are not, you have to sleep in Dalcahue _T: _T:
Are you french visitors? Yes we are , we come from Calais. _T: _T: Are they going to have dinner soon? No they are not, they will have a shower before.. _T: _T: Rodeo ________________________________________________ T: Stars _________________________________________________ T: Sun _________________________________________________ T: Tide
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________________________________________________ T: Sidra ________________________________________________ T:
Short forms of the use of To be

In the every day English, people use short forms.
I am You are He is She is It is We are You are
Im Youre Hes She`s Its Were Youre
I am not You are not He is not She is not It is not
Im not You`re not He`s not She`s not It`s not You aren`t He isn`t She isn`t It isn`t We aren`t You arent
We are not We`re not You are not You`re not
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They are
Theyre
They are not
They`re not
They aren`t
The questions with verb to be Example 1 Am I one of the players? Yes, you are Yes, you`re going to play with number six No, you`re not No, youre not going to play this time No, you aren`t No, you aren`t going to play this time Example 2 Are you the bus driver? Yes, I am Yes, Im the bus driver No, Im not. No, I m not the bus driver No I`m not No, Im not the bus driver.
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Example 3 Is he having lunch now? Yes, he is. Yes, hes having lunch now No, he` s not. No, hes not having lunch now. No, he isn`t No, he isn`t having lunch now, he is T: Example 4 ______ ______ to Tenan tomorrow? Yes, she is. Yes, she` s going to Tenan tomorrow. No, shes not. No, she isn`t. No, she isnt, she prefers to stay. T:
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Example 5 Is it the mongrel I sent to France? Yes, it is Yes, it s the mongrel. No, ________ __________ No, it s not the mongrel you sent to France. No, it __________ the mongrel you sent to France No,____________the mongrel you sent to France. T: Example 6 Are we invited to play music at the Festival? T: Yes, _____ _______. Yes, you`re invited to play music at the Festival. No, ______ _______ _______ No, youre not invited to play music at the Festival No, you arent. _______ __________ __________ _____________________
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Example 7 Are you the first partner riders at the rodeo? Yes, _______ _________. Yes, _________ __________ __________ _____________ No, ___________ _________ No, we`re not the first partner riders at the rodeo. No, _________ _________. No, we ________ __________ ___________ _____________ Example 8 Are they the people who want to visit Puuhuil? Yes, they are. Yes, they re the people who want to visit Puihuil. (They`re) T: No, _______ _______ ______ No,______ ___________ _______ _______ ______________ No, they arent No, _________ ___________ _______ ________________
To have
When we use this verb as a principal verb, means tener in Spanish. When we use it as an auxiliary verb means haber. As an auxiliary verb it is followed by another verb.
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Subject S. present
I have
you have
he -she - it has
we you - they have
The students want to do a barbecue next weekend.

I have to fast the day before.. You have to look for the place. He has to cooperate with the wine. She has to buy and cook the potatoes. It has to take care of my house. We have to prepare the room for all of us. You have to bring the lamb, the cuttlery and the music. They have to _____________ ________ ______________
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH TO HAVE
The verb to have is also used as an auxiliary verb. These kind of verbs are basic in the english language. The past participle is used with this verb. The past participle finishes in ED with the regular verbs. Check the list of verbs at the end of this manual. Have I danced properly the Cueca?
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No, you have not, you have to practice it. _T: _T: Has he done the dishes after lunch? Yes he has, he has done the dishes after lunch. (Hes) T: T: Has she cooked potatoes before? No, she has not, you have to indicate her how to do it. _T: _T: Has it eaten its food to day? Yes It has, it likes that trademark very much., _T: _T:
Have we seen this woman before? No, we have not, she just moved to Dalcahue yesterday. _T: _T: Have you met the french visitors? Yes we have met them one hour ago. _T:
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_T: Have they travelled by plane? No, they have not, they boarded a bus in Santiago. _T: _T: Lamb meat _______________________________________________ T: Flowers _______________________________________________ T: Friends _______________________________________________
Short forms of the use of to have

In the every day english, people use short forms.
I have You have
Ive Youve
I have not Ive not You have not Youve not
I havent You havent
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He has She has It has We have You have They have
Hes She`s Its Weve Youve They ve
He has not She has not It has not We have not You have not
He`s not She`s not It`s not Weve not Youve not
He hasnt She hasn`t It hasnt We havent You havent They havent
They Theyve have not not
Short forms of TO HAVE.

Many times HAVE GOT is used to replace: Do you have? or, necessary. Example 1 Have I got to clean the floor? T: ____________________________________________
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did you get? or to do something that is
Yes, you have. Yes, you have to do it perfectly. T:_____________________________________________ No, youve not. T: _______________________ No, youve not, you just clean the toilets this time. T: ______________________________________________ No, you havent. No, you havent, do the dishes first. T: ______________________________________________
Example 2 Have you ever been to Punta Arenas? T: Yes, I have. Yes, Ive been there several times. T: No, I`ve not. No, I`ve not been there, I would like to visit it some day. T:
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Example 3 Has he ____________ _______________ _______ __? Yes, he has. Yes, hes _________ __________ ____________ _______ No, hes not. No, hes not _________ ________ ______ __ _________ T: No, he hasn`t. No, he hasn`t, he has _____ ___ _______ _____________ T:
Example 4 Has she got to work tomorrow? T: Yes, she has. Yes, shes to work tomorrow until 20.00 o clock No, shes not. No shes not, she is free. T: No, she hasn`t. No, she hasnt, she is free tomorrow
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T: Example 5 Has it eaten all its food? T: Yes, it has Yes, it` s eaten all of it and wants more. T: No, its not. No, it `s not, it may be sick. No, it hasnt. T: No, it hasn`t, I think it ate elsewhere.
Example 6 Have we got to cook this evening? Yes, _____ _______. Yes, youve got to cook the potatoes and the rice. T: No, ______ _______ No, _________ _____ ______ _______ _______________ No, you havent. No_______ __________ __________ __________________ T: Example 7
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Have you ever ridden a horse before? Yes, _______ ______. Yes, weve ridden horses sometimes in Cucao. T: No, weve not. No, weve not, we need to learn how to do it. No, _________ _________. No, we havent done it before, where can we rent horses? T:
Example 8 Have they tasted the roast lamb last week? Yes, they have. Yes, theyve tasted it at the barbecue done by the students. T: No, _______ _______ No, they` ve not tasted it yet, T: No, _________ ___________ No, they havent tasted it, they just have eaten fish .
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To do
Do and Does are used as part of the sentence structure for questions, with the present simple tense To do is necessary to construct negative and interrogatives sentences, and, is also used in imperative sentences. Do, is used with the present simple tense. Do-Does are used as part of the sentence structure for negative statements or sentences with the present simple tense
Subject S. present
I do
you do
he -she - it does
we you - they do
I do my homework after dinner every day.

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T: You do the washing up yourself T: He does the work perfectly T: She does the dishes at the restaurant T:
It does not bite, dont worry. T: We do our business quite well T: You do many things we dont like T: They do bad examples for the children T:
Questions and answers with TO DO

Do I speak fluently the english language? No, you have to practice more. T: T: Do you want to have lunch now? Yes, I am too hungry, lets go now. T:
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T: Does he go to church on Sunday? No, he goes sometimes but on other days T: T:
Does the horse run fast? Yes it does, it participates in the Chilean races. T: T: Do we need to keep the luggage at the hotel? No, after visiting Achao we go back immediately T: T: Do you want to try lamb meat for lunch? No, we are going to ask for some fresh fish. T: T: Do they like swimming? Yes they do but, not here in Chilo, the water is too cold. T:
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T:
Short forms of to do
I do I do not You do not He does not She does not I dont
You do
You dont He doesnt She doesnt
He does
She does
It does
It does not It doesnt
We do
We do not We dont
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You do
You do not They do not
You dont
They do
They dont
Example 1 Do I need to go more elegant for the party? Yes you do. No, you dont. No, you dont, you may ware informal cloth T: T: T: Example 2 Do you have lunch at home during the week? Yes I do. No, I dont. No, I dont, I have lunch at a small restaurant near here. T: T: T: Example 3
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Does he ride his horse on weekends? Yes he does. No he doesnt No he doesnt, he just rest and read. T: T: T:
Example 4 Does she like go on dancing on Saturday? Yes she does. No, she doesnt. No, she doesnt, she prefers to go to the gym. T: T: T: Example 5 Does it sleep in the garage during the night? Yes it does. No, It doesnt, it sleeps in the house. T: T: T: Example 6 Do we sing louder than the the girls? Yes, you do. No, you dont.
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No, you dont, the girls sing louder. T: T: T:
Example 7 Do you go fishing to the lake on summer? Yes we do No, we dont. No we dont, because is not the legal season. T: T: T: Example 8 Do they enjoy the summer Dalcahue Festival? Yes, they do No, they dont. No, they dont, they always have little time because the job. T: T: T:
There are some other words that can be used as short forms:
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Where's the concert? How's your father? That's mine Theres a book
Who's that? Here's the book Whens your birthday? Thats my car
Present Simple
I, you, we, they He, She, it use just the infinitive verb need an S at the end of the verb
It is used in permanent situations and frequency of events. (Always, never, every day, etc)
Affirmative Sentences
Structure Subject + principal verb To talk I talk, It talks, To go I go, it goes, you go, we go, he goes, you go, she goes, they go you talk, we talk, he talks, you talk, she talks, they talk
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To guess I guess it guesses you guess we guess he guesses you guess she guesses they guess
Note that we add ES to verbs that end with O or SS
To try I try it tries you try we try he tries you try she tries they try
When the verb ends with Y, change to IES for 3 person
Negative Sentences
Structure Subject + aux verb + (to do) + negative aux (not) + principal verb (you may use short forms To talk I do not talk she does no talk you do not talk To cross I do not cross you do not cross He does not cross
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i.e
dont
doest)
you do not talk it does not talk they do not talk
He does not talk we do not talk
she does not cross you do not cross
it does not cross they do not cross
we do not cross
To eat I do not eat she does not eat you do not eat you do not eat it does not eat they do not eat He does not eat we do not eat
Note that in negative sentences, the verb is used in its infinitive form. We dont have to add any letter at the end
Interrogative Sentences
Structure Aux verb (to do) + subject + principal verb To walk Do I walk? Does she walk? Do you walk? To sing > ____________________________________________________ To try >
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Do you walk? Does it walk? Do they walk?
Does he walk? Do we walk?
____________________________________________________ Note that the verb remains infinitive
When we talk about events that are actually happening now, we use the present continuous tense.
Affirmative sentences I`m working at a salmon farm near Curaco de Vlez T: You are working at the new Dalcahue School T: He is working in Santiago for a great company. T: She`s talking about her family T: It is running trying to hunt a rabbit T: We are preparing dinner for all of us. T: You are going to see how nice Chonchi is. T:
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They are going to sing at the Summer Festival of Chonchi T:
Negative sentences I`m not working now, Im looking for a job. T: Are you working at the new School? T: Hes not working in Santiago, he found another job in Castro. T: She is not talking about her family, shes talking about her . T: It`s not running to hunt any animal, it`s just playing. T: We`re not preparing dinner, we are watching football on tv. T: You are not going to Chonchi today, there is a heavy frost. T: They are not going to sing, they are going to dance. Interrogative Sentences Am I working in a barn or what? T:
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Are you working at the school? T:
Is he working in Santiago? T: Is she talking about her family? T: Is it running to hunt some rabbit? T: Are we going to prepare dinner or watch the football game? T: Are you going to Chonchi this afternoon? T: Are they going to sing at the Festival of Chonchi? T: Talking about an action decided to be done I'm going to the party tonight. T: He's not coming to class tomorrow. T: He is not going to cook the dinner. T:
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Note: The present continuous is usually used with doing verbs (verbs of action) not with verbs of state. The following verbs are not used in the continuous form:Conditions: belong, cost, need, own, seem Feelings: like, love, hate, want, wish Beliefs: believe, feel, know, mean, remember, think, understand e.g. David is needing a new car. David needs a new car. Ann is liking you Ann likes you The boys are wanting to play The boys want to play.
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State verbs
There are some verbs that dont use the ING form. These verbs are named state
verbs.
A way to recognize them is to determine if it is : Action or State verb? Is it expressing an emotion? Is it a thinking verb o a mental activity?
Sense Verbs Feel, see, hear, smell, taste... Emotion Verbs: Admire, love, hate, wish, want... Mental activity verbs: Agree, forget, remember, know, think... Possession verbs: Own, owe, belong, posses... Auxiliary verbs: Be, have...
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State
I see what you mean (mental)
I'm seeing what you mean It smells burnt ... It's smelling burnt ... I love New York. I'm loving New York I admire him ... I'm admiring him I forget things ... I'm forgetting things I think so ... I'm thinking so ... She is French She's being French ... She has a son... She's having a son ... (possession) (state) (mental) (mental) (emotion) (emotion) (sense)
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Compare with the following examples
Action
I'm seeing this patient at the moment... T: I'm smelling the aroma... T: I'm forgetting more and more... T: I'm admiring the painting... T: I'm thinking about... T: She is being silly... T: She's having a baby... T:
These sentences are correct because the verb is describing an action, i.e. is happening now.
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Adverbials modify or tell us something about the sentence or the verb. It may be a single adverb, a phrase, or a prepositional phrase, or a clause element. When an adverbial modifies a verb, it changes the meaning of that verb. e.g. The students looked at me. The students looked at me anxiously. (Is a different way to look someone?) When an adverbial modifies a sentence, the meaning of the sentence changes. e.g. I passed all of my exams. Surprisingly, I passed all of my exams. Word groups that are also considered to be adverbials can also modify verbs: a prepositional phrase, a noun phrase, a finite clause or a non-finite clause.
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Multi-word adverbials are sometimes called an adverbial phrases. e.g. I ran as quickly as I could, but I missed the bus.
There are different types of adverbs : Degree, Duration, Frequency, Manner, Place, Probability, Time, Comparative, Superlative
Adverbs of degree
Tell us the strength or intensity of something that happens. Some of them are: Adequately, almost, entirely, extremely, greatly, highly, hugely, immensely, moderately, partially, perfectly, practically, profoundly, strongly, hardly, totally, tremendously, very, virtually etc. e.g. The man drove badly. (It explains how badly he drove). The man drove really badly.
It is raining.
It is raining hardly.
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Adverbs of Duration
Adverbs of duration tell us how long something happened. e.g. briefly, forever, long, shortly, permanently, temporarily etc. e.g. -They were occupied.
(Explains that was a short time).
They were briefly occupied.
- Internet was out of order. Internet was temporarily out of order T: Im going to live in Castro . Im going to live in Castro ___________________________ T: He has been in the toilet. He has been in the toilet for a _____________ time. T: She is ________ _____________ She is ________________ _________ _________ T:
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Adverbs of Frequency Tell us how often something is done. Adverbs of frequency include: Always, constantly, continually, frequently, infrequently, intermittently, normally, occasionally, often, periodically, rarely, regularly, seldom, sometimes etc. e.g. I always do my homework on time. T: She goes out occasionally. T: He is constantly calling me. T: They travel to Europe nearly always. T: He dives in this channel almost always. T: We usually ______________________________________ T:
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The cat seldom sleeps under the table. T: We generally ______________________________________ T: You ______________________________________________ T: That restaurant _____________________________________ T: In summer _________________________________________ T: Normally Often Sometimes Occasionally Once in a while Infrequently Scarcely ever Daily Monthly regularly frequently periodically now and then rarely hardly ever almost never weekly
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Adverbs of Manner How an action is or should be performed. careful lucky responsible anxious bad beautiful capable quick weak carefully luckily responsibly anxiously badly beautifully capably quickly weakly
The little girl ran quickly. T:
(Quickly modifies the verb ran (to run)).
If you are lucky you will win the prize. T: You badly win the big prize. T: He anxiously tasted the Chilean fish. T:
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The dentist carefully took his tooth off. T: ____________ responsibly____________________________ T: Adverbs of Place Adverbs of place indicate where something happens. Abroad, anywhere, here, outside, somewhere, there, underground, upstairs etc. My passport is here in my bag. T: The children were playing upstairs. T: The people are waiting _____________ T: Joel has lunch ___________ in Castro. T: Some young men go to study _____________. T:
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Adverbs of Probability How possible may an event. Adverbs of probability include: Certainly, definitely, doubtless, maybe, perhaps, possibly, probably etc. She probably comes from Finland. T: There maybe two or three sheep over there. T: We definitely ____________________________________ T: He is not in this stand, ____________ he is in the next one. T: You____________________________________________ T: The fish___________________________________________ T: The clams _____________ __________ _______________
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Adverbs of Time Some adverbs tell us when something happens. e.g. afterwards, later, now, soon, yesterday, Saturday, Sunday etc, today, yesterday, next week, next month, next year, last week, last month, last year, finally, eventually, already, soon, just, still. Ill go there afterwards, I`m going to finish this first. T: Can you come later? Im busy now. T: Now, he is writing a very important letter . T: She is going to the supermarket soon. T: The cat slept away yesterday We __________________ ____________ ____________ T: You ________________ _________ _________________ T:
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Adverbs of Comparison
In general, comparative and superlative forms of adverbs are the same as for adjectives. Adverb hard late fast Comparative harder later faster Superlative the hardest the latest the fastest
With adverbs ending in LY, use MORE for the comparative and MOST for the superlative. Adverb quietly slowly seriously Comparative more quietly more slowly more seriously Superlative most quietly most slowly the most seriously
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Some adverbs have irregular comparative forms. Adverb badly far little well e.g. I have to do a hard work every day. You have to do a harder work every day. He has to do the hardest work.. T: Comparative worse farther / further less better Superlative worst farthest / furthest least best
She has to be quietly at the dentist office. It has to be more quietly at the veterinarian office. We are the most quietly patients at the doctors office. T:
You badly jump that tall wall.

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They are jumping worse to day. I`m the worst jumper of the class. T: _________________ better than _______ ___________ T: ___________ ______ ___ the best _______ ___________ T: ___________ ____________ less ______ ______________ T: _________________ the worst________________________ T: _______________________ more seriously______________ T: ______________________________ slowly _____________ T: _____________________ _________ the latest___________
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A sentence is a group of words which starts with a capital letter and ends with a full stop (.), question mark (?) or exclamation mark (!). A sentence contains or implies a predicate and a subject. Sentences can contain subjects and objects. The subject Is generally the person or thing carrying out an action. The object Is involved in an action but does not carry it out, the object comes after the verb. EXAMPLE The boy climbed a tree. Subject = the boy object = the tree ,
If you want to say more about the subject or the object you can add an adjective.
The young boy climbed a tall tree.
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If you want to say more about how he climbed the tree you can use an adverb. EXAMPLE
The young boy quickly climbed a tall tree.

The sentence becomes more interesting giving more information. Analysis of the sentence: The Young Boy Quickly Climbed a Tall Tree = definite article = adjective = subject = adverb = verb = indefinite article = adjective = object
There are more things you can add to enrich your sentence.
Parts of a sentence
Description
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Adjective Adverb Article
Describes things or people. Alters the meaning of the verb slightly. a, an - indefinite articles The - definite articles
Conjunction Interjection Noun Preposition Pronoun Proper noun / subject Verb
Joins words or sentences together A short word showing emotion or feeling. Names / things Relates one thing to another used instead of a noun to avoid repetition. the actual names of people or places etc. Action or doing word
*Find a list of adjectives and adverbs at the end of

the book.
Well done! Shouted Henry, as he quickly climbed up a tall tree.
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Well done Shouted Henry As He Quickly Climbed Up A Tall Tree
Interjection verb proper noun-subject conjunction pronoun adverb verb preposition indefinite article adjective noun - object
Types of sentences
Affirmative Sentences
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Structure
Subject + verb + subject / adjective... She likes fish. We live in Achao. They have a horse. They have got a horse. I m sad.
I _________________________________________________ You ______________________________________________ He ______________________________________________ she ______________________________________________ it ________________________________________________ we _______________________________________________ you ______________________________________________ they ______________________________________________
Negative Sentences To construct them we need the auxiliary verb TO DO. There are two forms
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1- Structure Subject + aux verb (to do) + main verb + subject / adjective She doesn't like fish. We don't live in Achao. They dont have a horse. They haven't got a horse.
Remember that HAVE and HAVE GOT are similar. In HAVE GOT, the word have already works as auxiliary. HAVE, when used alone, needs the auxiliary TO DO when constructing negative and interrogative sentences. With "to be" and "have got" we dont need another auxiliary for negatives sentences. With "have got" the negative word goes between "have" and "got".
2- Structure Subject + verb+ negative auxiliary + noun / adjective... I'm not sad. They havent got a horse
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Interrogative Sentences Like in the negatives, there are two forms of interrogatives sentences. 1- with verb to do Structure Aux verb (to do) + subject + main verb + noun / adjective Does she like fish? Do you live in Achao? Do they have a horse? Does he ____________________________________ ? Does Diana __________________________________? Do they _____________________________________? Do we ______________________________________? Does the cat __________________________________?
2- With "to be" and "have got" Structure Verb + subject + noun / adjective... Is he sad? Have they got a horse?
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Has _______________________________________ ? Is Joel ______________________________________ ? Does the bird ________________________________ ? Are we ______________________________________ ?
Imperative Sentences
They are used to give instructions, orders and warnings. The subject is always you. 1- Affirmative imperative Come right now! Tell me the truth! Dont disturb me! Wash your hands! Do your homework! Be quite kids!
2- Negative imperative Do not lie to me! Do not wash in the washing machine. Don't hit your sister!
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Structure Aux verb (to do) + negative aux (not) + verb + noun / adjective When we participate in the sentence we use lets Let's go! Let's not fight. Lets dance
Exercises Construct sentences with the following words
Kiss
Matches
Newspaper evening
tea sugar
Tower water cloudy green sometimes always Barbecue again last day classes bear French
_________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________
1 2
one two
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3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen
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16 17 18 19 20 21 22 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty-one twenty-two thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety
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100 101 200 1,000 1,001
a/one hundred a/one one hundred and
two hundred a/one thousand a/one thousand and one one thousand one hundred / eleven hundred ten thousand a/one thousand a/one million hundred
1,100
10,000
100,000 1,000,000
Forming hundreds The hundreds and the tens go together with AND. Two hundred and fifty-five (255),
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Six hundred and forty -eight
(648)
Forming thousands
A / one thousand Two thousand Ten thousand (1,000), (2,000), (10,000)...
Forming millions
A / one million Two million Three million (1,000,000), (2,000,000), (3,000,000)...
Examples A / one hundred and two Three hundred and twelve Five thousand and ten Two millions five hundred thousand Two and a half million Six thousand two hundred seventy-nine (102) (312) (5,010) (2,500,000) (2,500,000) (6,279)
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Two thousand two hundred twenty-two Three thousand three hundred thirty-three Exercises 47
(2,222) (3,333)
53 85 93 105 286 334 417 777 814
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1010 1541 2856 3892
4516 11333 26355 88.350.777
Three hundred sixty four T: Eight hundred fifty six T: One thousand six hundred twenty nine T:
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Nine thousand one hundred thirty one T: Seven thousand five hundred eighty eight T:
One hundred twenty thousand six hundred one

T:
Eight hundred eighty thousand eight hundred eighty eight T: Twenty five million eight hundred and fifty thousand five hundred seventy eight T: Make sentences with the words indicated for each one French-Jacques-85-plane _________________________________________________ T: People-stadium-eight thousand __________________________________________________ Church-Chile-Castro-years-hundred __________________________________________________ T:
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Population- sixteen million-Chile __________________________________________________ T: One thousand _________________________________________________ T:
The short forms of the ordinal numbers are formed with the digital number followed by the last two letters of the whole word. 1st (first) 2nd (second) 3rd (third) 20th (twentieth) 31st (thirty-first)... 7th (seventh),
15th (fifteenth) 23rd (twenty-third)
Tens, thousands and millions are separated by a dash. The units end with TH but,
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First ends with ST Second ends with ND Third ends with RD 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth
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17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 30th 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th 100th 101st 200th 1,000th 10,000th
seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth twentieth twenty-first twenty-second thirtieth fortieth fiftieth sixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetieth hundredth hundred and first two hundredth thousandth ten thousandth
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100,000th 1,000,000th
hundred thousandth millionth
The Date
day daily today tonight yesterday tomorrow week weekly weekend month monthly year yearly da diario hoy esta noche ayer manaa semana semanal fin de semana mes mensual ao anual
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decade century calendar
dcada siglo calendario
Days of the Week

Monday Saturday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
Sunday
Months of the Year

January August September February March October April May June July
November December
The Seasons
Winter spring summer autumn
Special dates
Easter hallowing Christmas New Year's day Christmas Eve
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The dates are expressed with ordinal numbers e.g. Today is the 1st of December. His birthday is the 14 th of October.
June 30, 2011 November 10, 2000
Time
1: Ten twenty Two fifteen Fifteen forty-five Ex: 15.30 _______________ 12.00________________ 17.15________________ 01.57________________ ___________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ (10:20) (2:15) (5:45) 2: twenty past ten fifteen past two quarter to five
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For exactly time its used 9.00 12.00 15.30 Exercises When is Joels birthday? A: T: When do we celebrate the discovery of America? A: T: At what time do you have dinner? A: T: At what time does the class finish? A: T: nine twelve fifteen-thirty o'clock nine o'clock twelve o'clock
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When does summer starts in Chile? A: T: Construct sentences First place ________________________________________________ Tenth floor ________________________________________________ Fourth row ________________________________________________ Santiago 1541 ________________________________________________ Half past three ________________________________________________ Nearly eight million pesos ________________________________________________ Seats in a plane ________________________________________________ She gets up ________________________________________________
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INFINITIVO act add aid arrest assist attend address advertise amuse approach ask accompany accustom agree annoy answer appeal
PASADO Y SIGNIFICADO PARTICIPIO Acted Added Aided Arrested Assisted Attended Addressed Advertised Amused Actuar Sumar, aadir Ayudar Arrestar Ayudar Asistir, ir Dirigirse Anunciar Entretener
PRONUNCIACION TERMINACION id id id id id id t t t t t d d d d d d
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Approached Acercarse Asked Preguntar, pedir
Accompanie Acompaar d accustomed Acostumbrar agreed annoyed answered applealed Concordar Molestar Responder Atraer
appear arrange arrive accompany accustom agree annoy answer appeal appear arrange board balance banish bark bless brush behave
appeared arranged arrived
Aparecer Arreglar, ordenar Arribar
d d d d d d d d d d d id t t t t t d
accompanied Acompaar accustomed Acostumbrar agreed annoyed answered applealed appeared arranged boarded balanced banished barked blessed brushed behaved Concordar Molestar Responder Atraer Aparecer Arreglar, ordenar Abordar Equilibrar Desterrar Ladrar Bendecir Cepillar Comportarse
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belong beg believe boil breathe complete consist count close cook crash cross call care carry change check charge clean climb
belonged begged believed boiled breathed completed consisted counted closed cooked crashed crosssed called cared carried changed checked charged cleaned climbed
Pertenecer suplicar, mendigar Creer Hervir Respirar Completar Consistir Contar Cerrar Cocinar Chocar cruzar Llamar Cuidar Llevar Cambiar Chequear cargar, cobrar Limpiar escalar, subir
d d d d id id id id t t t t d d d d t d d d
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comb cover cry crawl dance dress dropp dial die declare delay deliver deny dine dry enclose enjoy engage envy
combed covered cried crawled danced dressed dropped dialed died declared delayed delivered denied dined dried enclosed enjoyed engaged envied
Peinar Cubrir Llorar gatear, arrastrarse bailar vestir dejar caer sintonizar, marcar morir declarar demorar entregar negar cenar secar incluir, encerrar disfrutar comprometer envidiar
d d d d t t t d d d d d d d d t d d d
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express exclaim explain fail fasten file fill fire follow frighten fry finish fish fix gain guess help hope happen hurry
expressed exclaimed explained failed fastended filed filled fired followed frightened fried finished fished fixed gained guessed helped hoped happened hurried
expresar exclamar explicar fracasar, fallar abrochar archivar lunar char del trabajo, disparar seguir espantar freir terminar pescar fixed ganar adivinar ayudar esperar, desear suceder apurar (se)
t d d d d d d d d d d t t t d t t t d d
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imagine iron judge kiss kill laugh leak like lock look mark milk miss manage marry massage measure move observe offer
imagined ironed judged kissed killed laughged leaked liked locked looked marked milked missed managed married massaged measured moved observed offered
imaginar planchar juzgar besar matar reir gotear gustar cerrar con llave mirar marcar, sealar ordear un animal extraar manejar casar (se) masajear medir mover observar ofrecer
d d d t d t t t t t t t t d d d d d d d
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open order peform phone plan play plough pour pray prefer prepare pull park pass pick please polish practise promise pronounce punish
opened ordered performed phoned planned played ploughed poured prayed prefered prepared pulled parked passed picked pleased polished practised promised
abrir ordenar ejecutar telefonear planear jugar, tocar arar derramar, verter orar preferir preparar tirar estacionar pasar recoger complacer pulir practicar prometer
d d d d d d d d d d d d t t t d t t t t t
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pronounced pronunciar punished castigar
push repeat report request rest reach refuse raise rain realice register receive Remain Remenber Repair Require Reserve Row
pushed repeated reported requested rested reached refused raised rained realized registered received remained
empujar repetir reportar, informar solicitar, pedir descansar alcanzar rehusar levantar llover darse cuenta matricularse, registrar recibir quedar, sobrar
t id id id id t t t d d d d d d d d d d
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remenbered recordar pepaired required reserved rowed reparar requerir reservar, guardar remar
Resolve Return Search Save 0serve settle sign smile snow spill stay study suffer swallow slip smoke stop switch
resolved returned searched saved served settled signed smiled snowed spilled stayed studied suffered swallowed slipped smoked stopped switched
resolver retornar, volver buscar, registrar salvar servir arreglar, establecer firmar sonreir nevar derramar permanecer, quedarse estudiar sufrir tragar resbalar fumar detener, parar conectar,
d d t d d d d d d d d d d d t t t t
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accionar stretch talk thank touch trap tire train travel trouble try turn unpack use visit wait want walk wash watch wish stretched talked thanked touched trapped tired trained traveled troubled tried turned unpacked used visited waited wanted walked washed watched wished estirar conversar agradecer tocar, palpar atrapar cansar, fatigar entrenar viajar molestar tratar, intantar girar, voltear desempacar usar visitar esperar querer, requerir caminar lavar observar, mirar desear, anhelar t t t t t d d d d d d t t id id id t t t t
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work wrap up wreck warm warn water weigh whistle
worked wrapped up wrecked warmed warned watered weighed whistled
trabajar envolver naufragar calentar advertir regar pesar silbar
t t t d d d d d
INFINITIVO arise awake bear beat become
PASADO arose awoke bore beat became
PARTICIPIO arisen awoken born beaten become
SIGNIFICADO Elevarse, surgir, originarse. Despertar, mover, excitar. Soportar, sostener, tolerar. Batir,revolver, golpear, vencer. Hacerse, tornarse,
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convertirse en. begin bend bet bind bite blow break bring build burn burst buy catch choose cling come cost creep began bent bet bound bit blew broke brought built burnt burst bought caught chose clung came cost crept begun bent bet bound bitten blown broken brought built burnt burst bought caught chosen clung come cost crept Empezar, iniciar. Doblar, inclinar, torcer. Apostar Atar, unir, enlazar. Morder. Soplar Quebrar, partir, romper. Traer, llevar, conducir. Construir, edificar. Quemar, incendiar. Romper, reventar. Comprar Coger, asir, atrapar. Escoger, elegir. Asirse, adherirse, pegarse. Venir Costar Arrastrarse,deslizarse, pegarse.
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cut deal dig do draw drink drive fall feed feel fight find find out flee fly forbid foresee forget forgive
cut dealt dug did drew drank drove fell fed felt fought found found out fled flew forbade foresaw forgot forgave
cut dealt dug done drawn drunk driven fallen fed felt fought found found out fled flown forbidden foreseen forgotten forgiven
Cortar, dividir. Tratar, tener que referirse. Cavar, ahondar. Hacer, ejecutar. Tirar, arrastrarse, atraer, dibujar. Beber Impulsar, conducir, llevar, inducir. Caer, disminuir. Alimentar, nutrir. Sentir, percibir, tocar. Pelear, combatir. Encontrar, descubrir. Averiguar, investigar. Escapar, hur, evitar. Volar Prohibir. Prever, prevenir Olvidar (se) Perdonar
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freeze get give go grind grow hang have hear hide hit hold hurt keep know lay lead
froze got gave went ground grew hung had heard hid hit held hurt kept knew laid led
frozen got (ten) given gone ground grown hung had heard hid (den) hit held hurt kept known laid led
Congelar Lograr, obtener, conseguir. Dar, conceder. Ir (se), funcionar, resultar. Moler, triturar. Crecer, cultivar. Colgar, Suspender. Tener, haber. Or, escuchar. Ocultar, encubrir. Pegar, golpear, acertar. Sostener,mantener,cont ener. Herir, daar, lastimar. Mantener,guardar,cons ervar. Conocer, saber. Poner, colocar. Guiar, llevar, conducir.
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lean learn leave lend let lie light lose make mean meet melt mistake
leant learnt left lent let lay lit lost made meant met melted mistook
leant learnt left lent let lain lit lost made meant met molten (old) mistaken
Inclinar(se), apoyarse. Aprender, saber. Partir, irse, abandonar. Prestar Permitir, conceder. Tenderse, descansar, estar, situado. Alumbrar, iluminar, encender (se). Perder, malgastar. Hacer, confeccionar, producir. Significar,querer decir pretender. Encontrarse, satisfacer. Derretir(se), fundir(se). Equivocarse, comprender mal, errar Entender mal. Vencer, superar, sobreponerse. Pagar, recompensar.
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misunderstan misunderstoo misunderstood d d overcome pay overcame paid overcome paid
put read rebuild rid ride ring rise run saw say see seek sell send set shake shed
put read rebuilt rid rode rang rose ran sawed said saw sought sold sent set shook shed
put read rebuilt rid ridden rung risen run sawn said seen sought sold sent set shaken shed
Poner,colocar, exponer. Leer,descifrar, marcar. Reconstruir Librarse, zafarse. Rodar, tener juego, funcionar. Tocar, sonar. Ascender,elevarse,leva ntarse, surgir. Correr, funcionar. Cortar con sierra, aserrar. Decir, afirmar. Ver, observar. Buscar, solicitar. Vender Enviar Instalar, establecer, colocar, fijar. Sacudir, lanzar, agitar. Derramar, esparcir, dejar caer.
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shine shoot show shrink shut sing sink sit sleep slide smell speak speed spend spill spin
shone shot showed shrank shut sang sank sat slept slid smelt spoke sped spent spilt spun
shone shot shown shrunk shut sung sunk sat slept slid(den) smelt spoken sped spent spilt spun
Brillar, relumbrar, sobresalir. Disparar, emitir, lanzar. Mostrar, excibir, probar, demostar. Encogerse, disminuir, desaparecer. Cerrar, impedir, exclur. Cantar Hundir, sumergir Sentarse, reunirse. Dormir Resbalar, deslizarse, escabullirse. Oler, percibir. Hablar, decir. Acelerar, apresurarse. Gastar, consumir, emplear (tiempo). Derramar, verter, divulgar. Tornear, hilar, hacer girar.
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split spoil spread spring stand steal stick stink strike swell swim swing take teach
split spoilt spread sprang stood stole stuck stank struck swelled swam swung took taught
split spoilt spread sprung stood stolen stuck stunk struck swollen swum swung taken taught
Partir, dividir, separar, reventar. Deteriorar, daar, inutilizar. Extender, esparcir, propagar. Saltar, soltar, brotar, surgir. Pararse, tolerar, estar (de pi). Robar, escabullirse. Pegar, adherirse, prender, fijar. Oler mal, apestar. Golpear, pegar, estallar. Hinchar, inflamar, engrosar. Nadar, flotar. Balancera(se), hacer girar. Tomar, llevar. Ensear
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tear tell think throw thrust undergo understand undertake undo wake wear win wind withdraw withstand
tore told thought threw thrust underwent understood undertook undid woke Wore Won Wound Withdrew Withstood
torn told thought thrown thrust undergone understood undertaken undone woke (n) worn won wound withdrawn withstood
Romper, despedazar, rasgar. Decir, contar, narrar. Pensar, creer. Lanzar, tirar, impeler, arrojar. Introducir con violencia, empujar, impeler Sufrir, experimentar, pasar por. Comprender. Emprender, comenzar algo. Desarmar, deshacer. Despertar, excitar. Gastar(se), consumirse, usar. Ganar, conquistar. Enroscar(se), serpentear, girar. Retirar, retractarse, quitar. Resistir, oponerse,
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soportar. write Wrote written Escribir.
A abnormally absentmindedly accidentally acidly actually adventurously afterwards almost always angrily annually anxiously arrogantly
B badly bashfully beautifully bitterly bleakly blindly blissfully boastfully boldly bravely briefly brightly briskly
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awkwardly
broadly busily
C calmly carefully carelessly cautiously certainly cheerfully clearly cleverly closely coaxingly colourfully commonly continually coolly correctly courageously crossly
D daily daintily dearly deceivingly delightfully deeply defiantly deliberately delightfully diligently dimly doubtfully dreamily
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cruelly curiously E easily elegantly energetically enormously enthusiastically equally especially even evenly eventually exactly excitedly extremely F fairly faithfully famously far fast fatally ferociously fervently fiercely fondly foolishly fortunately frankly frantically freely frenetically frightfully fully
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furiously
G generally generously gently gladly gleefully gracefully gratefully greatly greedily
H happily hastily healthily heavily helpfully helplessly highly honestly hopelessly hourly hungrily
I immediately innocently inquisitively instantly intensely intently
J jaggedly jealously joshingly joyfully joyously jovially
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interestingly inwardly irritably
jubilantly judgementally justly
K keenly kiddingly kind-heartedly kindly kissingly knavishly knottily knowingly knowledgeably kookily
L lazily less lightly likely limply lively loftily longingly loosely lovingly loudly loyally
M madly majestically meaningfully
N naturally nearly neatly
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mechanically merrily miserably mockingly monthly more mortally mostly mysteriously O obediently obnoxiously oddly offensively officially often only openly optimistically overconfidently owlishly
needily nervously never nicely noisily not
P painfully partially patiently perfectly physically playfully politely poorly positively potentially powerfully
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promptly properly punctually
Q quaintly quarrelsomely queasily queerly questionably questioningly quicker quickly quietly quirkily quizzically
R rapidly rarely readily really reassuringly recklessly regularly reluctantly repeatedly reproachfully restfully righteously rightfully rigidly roughly rudely
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S sadly safely scarcely scarily searchingly sedately seemingly seldom selfishly separately seriously shakily sharply sheepishly shrilly shyly silently sleepily slowly
T tenderly tensely terribly thankfully thoroughly thoughtfully tightly tomorrow too tremendously triumphantly truly truthfully
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smoothly softly solemnly solidly sometimes soon speedily stealthily sternly strictly successfully suddenly surprisingly suspiciously sweetly swiftly sympathetically
U ultimately
V vacantly
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unabashedly unaccountably unbearably unethically unexpectedly unfortunately unimpressively unnaturally unnecessarily utterly upbeat upliftingly upright upside-down upward upwardly urgently usefully uselessly usually utterly
vaguely vainly valiantly vastly verbally very viciously victoriously violently vivaciously voluntarily
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W warmly weakly wearily well wetly wholly wildly willfully wisely woefully wonderfully worriedly wrongly
Y yawningly yearly yearningly yesterday yieldingly youthfully
Z zealously zestfully zestily
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This first edition was finalized on September 13 Th 2011 in Castro City, Chilo, Chile. Use all the tools you have in your life to go ahead said me an old friend at The Granville Pub in Ealing Common.
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Paulino Arredondo rdenes English Instructor
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Manual 13-9-11 Definitivo

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Manual 13-9-11 Definitivo

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BASIC STAGE

BY PAULINO ARREDONDO ORDENES English Instructor

First edition DDI 209243

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

yo t l ella ello (neutro)

nosotros vosotros, ustedes ellos, ellas

You are hungry

They are at the Ellos estn en cinema. el cine.

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

Me You Him Her It Us You Them

m A ti a l a ella a ello a nosotros a vosotros a ellos/ellas

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

T: ______________________________________________ T:______________________________________________ T: ______________________________________________

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

EL PRONOMBRE EN FUNCIN DE SUJETO.

I ____________________________ you __________________________ my mother_____________________ my brother_____________________ We __________________________ She___________________________

El PRONOMBRE EN FUNCIN DEL OBJETO

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

Construct short related sentences

__________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________

estos funcionan como adjetivos y no llevan artculo antes.

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

My Your His Her Its

est es mi casa este es tu libro

Estos son sus libros

El pronombre cambia de forma para enfatizar la posesin.

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

Mine Yours His Hers Its Ours

Mio / s, ma / s Tuyo /s tuya/s,

This book is mine Is this book yours?

este libro es mio este libro es tuyo? la bicicleta de l el vestido de ella

nuestro/s, nuestra/s vuestro / os, vuestra / as, suyo/a, suyos/as

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

Construct sentences changing the form .............................. ...............................

El pronombre reemplaza a los artculos determinativos

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

Speak and translate

Question Where is your sister? Whose house is this?

Answer & Speak She is at Joels house It is Joel `s

Whose horse is that ?______________________________ Whose store is this ? ________________________________

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

I cleaned it for myself.

Lo lav para mi mismo

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

Yourself Himself Herself

You made it by yourself

Themselves ellos mismos

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

Designa a una persona o cosa concreta.

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

British English Handbook Basic Stage.

T: T: T: __

I ____________ you my mother_ my brother_ We She___________

Whose horse is that ? Whose store is this ? __

T: Engineer ___________________________ T: Orange _ T: Million ___________________________ T:

T: An > ____ T: A> _ T:

The passengers are on now T: The Curanto is cooked _____ T:

T: You are T: The boat __

The bus _ T: Earth _

T: Flour __________________________ T: Meat _ T: Lettuce ___________________________ T: