Precision Controls

115/2/1, General Block, MIDC, Bhosari, Pune 411026.

Kv OR Cv calculation for Steam When dealing with steam and other compressible fluids, we have two cases. 1. Sub-critical pressure drop. 2. Over critical pressure drop. 1. Sub-critical pressure drop This case arises when P < 0.5*P1. For this case G -------31.6 V2 ------P

Kv

Where G = Steam flow rate in Kg/Hr V2 = Specific volume at outlet condition in m/Kg P = Differential pressure in Kg/Cm (P1-P2) Example Inlet pressure (P1) Outlet Pressure(P2) Flow rate (G) Temperature = 10 Kg/Cm(g) = 6 Kg/Cm(g) = 4000 Kg/Hr = Saturated

P = P1-P2 = 10 6 = 4 which is less than 0.5*P1 that is 5, hence it is a subcritical pressure drop. V2 = 0.278 at 7 Kg/Cm2 (Absolute) (Please refer our Technical Data Book containing Steam Table) G Kv = -------31.6 V2 ------- that is P 33.37 ------0.7 4000 ------31.6 0.278 ------- = 4

33.37

Kv Calculated =

47.67

Kv Selected = 68 (Refer to our Pneumatic Control Valve Catalogue) Hence Valve size selected is 80 NB. Let us proceed to select an Actuator for this valve.

Precision Controls
115/2/1, General Block, MIDC, Bhosari, Pune 411026.

Actuator Selection First, determine the function of valve that is Air to Open OR Air to Close. Refer the related Actuator selection sheet. (Both the sheets are available). As per our example we have selected 80 NB Valve size with 68 Kv value. Now let us consider this for Air to Open condition. (Refer the sheet) Starting from left, the first column is Valve Size, second is Lift, third is Selected Kv, and last 3 columns are for 3 types of Actuator (A1,A2 and A3) with two types of spring respectively. The values specified in columns Standard and Reinforced are maximum permissible differential pressure that is P for single seated Pneumatic Control Valve. For selection of Actuator, P must be greater than the current calculated P (i.e 4 Kg/Cm2). Now let us refer the sheet. Go to 80 NB Valve Size. Lift available is 30 mm with 68 Kv. The next greater value above 4 Kg/Cm2 is 9 (In A1 Actuator Standard under 1.8 column). This means valve is fully opened at 1.8 Kg/Cm2 of air supply. Hence we select A1 actuator. Let us consider another case for Actuator selection. If our P was 15 Kg/Cm2 for same valve size then the Actuator selected would be A2 with Standard spring which gives maximum 27 Kg/Cm2 of P. If our P was 30 Kg/Cm2 then our Actuator would be A2 Actuator with Reinforced spring at 3 Kg/Cm2 of Air supply for fully opened valve which gives maximum 51 Kg/Cm2 P. Relation between Calculated Kv and Selected Kv Kv selected is such that Kv calculated is approximate 70% of Kv selected for Linear characteristics. And 45% for equal% characteristics. Conversion of Cv TO Kv Cv = 1.17 * Kv Conversion of Kv TO Cv Cv Kv = -------1.17

Precision Controls
115/2/1, General Block, MIDC, Bhosari, Pune 411026.

2. Over-critical pressure drop This case arises when P >= 0.5*P1. For this case, G -------31.6 V1 ------0.5 * P1

Kv

Where G = Steam flow rate in Kg/Hr V1 = Specific volume at 0.5 * P1 (inlet pressure) and full temperature (T1) in m/Kg. P1 = Inlet Pressure in Kg/Cm2 (Absolute). P = Differential pressure in Kg/Cm (P1-P2) Example Inlet pressure (P1) Outlet Pressure(P2) Flow rate (G) Temperature(T1) = 9 Kg/Cm(g) = 3 Kg/Cm(g) = 4000 Kg/Hr = 250 deg C.

P = P1-P2 = 9 3 = 6 which is greater than 0.5*P1 that is 4.5, hence it is a overcritical pressure drop. V2 = 0.484 at 0.5*P1 (That is 5 Kg/Cm2 (Absolute)) and at 250 deg C. (Please refer our Technical Data Book containing Steam Table) G -------31.6 V1 ------0.5 * P1 41.51 ------0.7 4000 that is ------31.6 0.484 ------ = 4.5

Kv=

41.51

Kv Calculated =

59.30

Kv Selected = 68 (Refer to our Pneumatic Control Valve Catalogue) Hence Valve size selected is 80 NB. Actuator selected for 80 NB valve in this condition is A1 with standard spring which is fully opened at 1.8 Kg/Cm2 of Air Supply.