1. Whatisatransientvariable? Atransientvariableisavariablethatmaynotbeserialized. 2.WhichcontainersuseaborderLayoutastheirdefaultlayout? Thewindow,FrameandDialogclassesuseaborderlayoutastheirdefaultlayout. 3.WhydothreadsblockonI/O? ThreadsblockonI/O(thatisentersthewaitingstate)sothatotherthreadsmayexecute whiletheI/OOperationisperformed. 4.HowareObserverandObservableused? ObjectsthatsubclasstheObservableclassmaintainalistofobservers.WhenanObservable objectisupdateditinvokestheupdate()methodofeachofitsobserverstonotifythe observersthatithaschangedstate.TheObserverinterfaceisimplementedbyobjectsthat observeObservableobjects. 5.Whatissynchronizationandwhyisitimportant? Withrespecttomultithreading,synchronizationisthecapabilitytocontroltheaccessof multiplethreadstosharedresources.

Withoutsynchronization,itispossibleforonethread tomodifyasharedobjectwhileanotherthreadisintheprocessofusingorupdatingthat object'svalue.Thisoftenleadstosignificanterrors. 6.Canalockbeacquiredonaclass? Yes,alockcanbeacquiredonaclass.Thislockisacquiredontheclass'sClassobject. 7.What'snewwiththestop(),suspend()andresume()methodsinJDK1.2? Thestop(),suspend()andresume()methodshavebeendeprecatedinJDK1.2. 8.Isnullakeyword? Thenullvalueisnotakeyword. 9.Whatisthepreferredsizeofacomponent? Thepreferredsizeofacomponentistheminimumcomponentsizethatwillallowthe componenttodisplaynormally. 10.Whatmethodisusedtospecifyacontainer'slayout? ThesetLayout()methodisusedtospecifyacontainer'slayout. 11.WhichcontainersuseaFlowLayoutastheirdefaultlayout? ThePanelandAppletclassesusetheFlowLayoutastheirdefaultlayout. 12.Whatstatedoesathreadenterwhenitterminatesitsprocessing? Whenathreadterminatesitsprocessing,itentersthedeadstate. 13.WhatistheCollectionsAPI? TheCollectionsAPIisasetofclassesandinterfacesthatsupportoperationsoncollections ofobjects. 14.whichcharactersmaybeusedasthesecondcharacterofanidentifier,butnotas thefirstcharacterofanidentifier? Thedigits0through9maynotbeusedasthefirstcharacterofanidentifierbuttheymaybe usedafterthefirstcharacterofanidentifier. 15.WhatistheListinterface? TheListinterfaceprovidessupportfororderedcollectionsofobjects. 16.HowdoesJavahandleintegeroverflowsandunderflows?

Itusesthoseloworderbytesoftheresultthatcanfitintothesizeofthetypeallowedbythe operation. 17.WhatistheVectorclass? TheVectorclassprovidesthecapabilitytoimplementagrowablearrayofobjects 18.Whatmodifiersmaybeusedwithaninnerclassthatisamemberofanouterclass? A(nonlocal)innerclassmaybedeclaredaspublic,protected,private,static,final,or abstract. 19.WhatisanIteratorinterface? TheIteratorinterfaceisusedtostepthroughtheelementsofaCollection. 20.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthe>>and>>>operators? The>>operatorcarriesthesignbitwhenshiftingright.The>>>zerofillsbitsthathave beenshiftedout. 21.WhichmethodoftheComponentclassisusedtosetthepositionandsizeofa component? setBounds() 22.HowmanybitsareusedtorepresentUnicode,ASCII,UTF16,andUTF8 characters? Unicoderequires16bitsandASCIIrequire7bits.AlthoughtheASCIIcharactersetuses only7bits,itisusuallyrepresentedas8bits.UTF8representscharactersusing8,16,and 18bitpatterns.UTF16uses16bitandlargerbitpatterns. 23Whatisthedifferencebetweenyieldingandsleeping? Whenataskinvokesitsyield()method,itreturnstothereadystate.Whenataskinvokesits sleep()method,itreturnstothewaitingstate. 24.Whichjava.utilclassesandinterfacessupporteventhandling? TheEventObjectclassandtheEventListenerinterfacesupporteventprocessing. 25.Issizeofakeyword? Thesizeofoperatorisnotakeyword. 26.Whatarewrapperclasses? Wrapperclassesareclassesthatallowprimitivetypestobeaccessedasobjects. 27.Doesgarbagecollectionguaranteethataprogramwillnotrunoutofmemory? Garbagecollectiondoesnotguaranteethataprogramwillnotrunoutofmemory.Itis possibleforprogramstouseupmemoryresourcesfasterthantheyaregarbagecollected.It isalsopossibleforprogramstocreateobjectsthatarenotsubjecttogarbagecollection. 28.Whatrestrictionsareplacedonthelocationofapackagestatementwithinasource codefile? Apackagestatementmustappearasthefirstlineinasourcecodefile(excludingblanklines andcomments). 29.Cananobject'sfinalize()methodbeinvokedwhileitisreachable? Anobject'sfinalize()methodcannotbeinvokedbythegarbagecollectorwhiletheobjectis stillreachable.However,anobject'sfinalize()methodmaybeinvokedbyotherobjects. 30.WhatistheimmediatesuperclassoftheAppletclass? Panel

31.Whatisthedifferencebetweenpreemptiveschedulingandtimeslicing? Underpreemptivescheduling,thehighestprioritytaskexecutesuntilitentersthewaitingor deadstatesorahigherprioritytaskcomesintoexistence.Undertimeslicing,ataskexecutes forapredefinedsliceoftimeandthenreentersthepoolofreadytasks.Theschedulerthen determineswhichtaskshouldexecutenext,basedonpriorityandotherfactors. 32.NamethreeComponentsubclassesthatsupportpainting. TheCanvas,Frame,Panel,andAppletclassessupportpainting. 33.WhatvaluedoesreadLine()returnwhenithasreachedtheendofafile? ThereadLine()methodreturnsnullwhenithasreachedtheendofafile. 34.WhatistheimmediatesuperclassoftheDialogclass? Window. 35.Whatisclipping? Clippingistheprocessofconfiningpaintoperationstoalimitedareaorshape. 36.Whatisanativemethod? AnativemethodisamethodthatisimplementedinalanguageotherthanJava. 37.Canaforstatementloopindefinitely? Yes,aforstatementcanloopindefinitely.Forexample,considerthefollowing:for(;;); 38.Whatareorderofprecedenceandassociativity,andhowaretheyused? Orderofprecedencedeterminestheorderinwhichoperatorsareevaluatedinexpressions. Associatitydetermineswhetheranexpressionisevaluatedlefttorightorrighttoleft 39.WhenathreadblocksonI/O,whatstatedoesitenter? AthreadentersthewaitingstatewhenitblocksonI/O. 40.TowhatvalueisavariableoftheStringtypeautomaticallyinitialized? ThedefaultvalueofaStringtypeisnull. 41.Whatisthecatchordeclareruleformethoddeclarations? Ifacheckedexceptionmaybethrownwithinthebodyofamethod,themethodmusteither catchtheexceptionordeclareitinitsthrowsclause. 42.WhatisthedifferencebetweenaMenuItemandaCheckboxMenuItem? TheCheckboxMenuItemclassextendstheMenuItemclasstosupportamenuitemthatmay becheckedorunchecked. 43.Whatisatask'spriorityandhowisitusedinscheduling? Atask'spriorityisanintegervaluethatidentifiestherelativeorderinwhichitshouldbe executedwithrespecttoothertasks.Theschedulerattemptstoschedulehigherpriority tasksbeforelowerprioritytasks. 44.WhatclassisthetopoftheAWTeventhierarchy? Thejava.awt.AWTEventclassisthehighestlevelclassintheAWTeventclasshierarchy. 45.Whenathreadiscreatedandstarted,whatisitsinitialstate? Athreadisinthereadystateafterithasbeencreatedandstarted. 46.Canananonymousclassbedeclaredasimplementinganinterfaceandextendinga class? Ananonymousclassmayimplementaninterfaceorextendasuperclass,butmaynotbe declaredtodoboth.

47.Whatistherangeoftheshorttype? Therangeoftheshorttypeis(2^15)to2^151. 48.Whatistherangeofthechartype? Therangeofthechartypeis0to2^161. 49.InwhichpackagearemostoftheAWTeventsthatsupporttheeventdelegation modeldefined? MostoftheAWTrelatedeventsoftheeventdelegationmodelaredefinedinthe java.awt.eventpackage.TheAWTEventclassisdefinedinthejava.awtpackage. 2. 50.WhatistheimmediatesuperclassofMenu? MenuItem 51.Whatisthepurposeoffinalization? Thepurposeoffinalizationistogiveanunreachableobjecttheopportunitytoperformany cleanupprocessingbeforetheobjectisgarbagecollected. 52.WhichclassistheimmediatesuperclassoftheMenuComponentclass. Object 53.Whatinvokesathread'srun()method? Afterathreadisstarted,viaitsstart()methodorthatoftheThreadclass,theJVMinvokes thethread'srun()methodwhenthethreadisinitiallyexecuted. 54.WhatisthedifferencebetweentheBoolean&operatorandthe&&operator? IfanexpressioninvolvingtheBoolean&operatorisevaluated,bothoperandsareevaluated. Thenthe&operatorisappliedtotheoperand.Whenanexpressioninvolvingthe&& operatorisevaluated,thefirstoperandisevaluated.Ifthefirstoperandreturnsavalueof truethenthesecondoperandisevaluated.The&&operatoristhenappliedtothefirstand secondoperands.Ifthefirstoperandevaluatestofalse,theevaluationofthesecondoperand isskipped. 55.NamethreesubclassesoftheComponentclass. Box.Filler,Button,Canvas,Checkbox,Choice,Container,Label,List,Scrollbar,or TextComponent 56.WhatistheGregorianCalendarclass? TheGregorianCalendarprovidessupportfortraditionalWesterncalendars. 57.WhichContainermethodisusedtocauseacontainertobelaidoutand redisplayed? validate() 58.WhatisthepurposeoftheRuntimeclass? ThepurposeoftheRuntimeclassistoprovideaccesstotheJavaruntimesystem.59.How manytimesmayanobject'sfinalize()methodbeinvokedbythegarbagecollector? Anobject'sfinalize()methodmayonlybeinvokedoncebythegarbagecollector. 60.Whatisthepurposeofthefinallyclauseofatrycatchfinallystatement? Thefinallyclauseisusedtoprovidethecapabilitytoexecutecodenomatterwhetherornot anexceptionisthrownorcaught. 61.Whatistheargumenttypeofaprogram'smain()method? Aprogram'smain()methodtakesanargumentoftheString

type. 62.WhichJavaoperatorisrightassociative? The=operatorisrightassociative. 63.WhatistheLocaleclass? TheLocaleclassisusedtotailorprogramoutputtotheconventionsofaparticular geographic,political,orculturalregion. 64.Canadoublevaluebecasttoabyte? Yes,adoublevaluecanbecasttoabyte. 65.Whatisthedifferencebetweenabreakstatementandacontinuestatement? Abreakstatementresultsintheterminationofthestatementtowhichitapplies(switch,for, do,orwhile).Acontinuestatementisusedtoendthecurrentloopiterationandreturn controltotheloopstatement. 66.Whatmustaclassdotoimplementaninterface? Itmustprovideallofthemethodsintheinterfaceandidentifytheinterfaceinits implementsclause. 67.Whatmethodisinvokedtocauseanobjecttobeginexecutingasaseparatethread? Thestart()methodoftheThreadclassisinvokedtocauseanobjecttobeginexecutingasa separatethread. 68.NametwosubclassesoftheTextComponentclass. TextFieldandTextArea 69.Whatistheadvantageoftheeventdelegationmodelovertheearlierevent inheritancemodel? Theeventdelegationmodelhastwoadvantagesovertheeventinheritancemodel.First,it enableseventhandlingtobehandledbyobjectsotherthantheonesthatgeneratetheevents (ortheircontainers).Thisallowsacleanseparationbetweenacomponent'sdesignandits use.Theotheradvantageoftheeventdelegationmodelisthatitperformsmuchbetterin applicationswheremanyeventsaregenerated.Thisperformanceimprovementisduetothe factthattheeventdelegationmodeldoesnothavetorepeatedlyprocessunhandledevents, asisthecaseoftheeventinheritancemodel. 70.WhichcontainersmayhaveaMenuBar? Frame 71.Howarecommasusedintheinitializationanditerationpartsofaforstatement? Commasareusedtoseparatemultiplestatementswithintheinitializationanditerationparts ofaforstatement. 72.Whatisthepurposeofthewait(),notify(),andnotifyAll()methods? Thewait(),notify(),andnotifyAll()methodsareusedtoprovideanefficientwayforthreads towaitforasharedresource.Whenathreadexecutesanobject'swait()method,itentersthe waitingstate.Itonlyentersthereadystateafteranotherthreadinvokestheobject'snotify() ornotifyAll()methods. 73.Whatisanabstractmethod? Anabstractmethodisamethodwhoseimplementationisdeferredtoasubclass.

74.HowareJavasourcecodefilesnamed? AJavasourcecodefiletakesthenameofapublicclassorinterfacethatisdefinedwithin thefile.Asourcecodefilemaycontainatmostonepublicclassorinterface.Ifapublic classorinterfaceisdefinedwithinasourcecodefile,thenthesourcecodefilemusttakethe nameofthepublicclassorinterface.Ifnopublicclassorinterfaceisdefinedwithina sourcecodefile,thenthefilemusttakeonanamethatisdifferentthanitsclassesand interfaces.Sourcecodefilesusethe.javaextension. 75.WhatistherelationshipbetweentheCanvasclassandtheGraphicsclass? ACanvasobjectprovidesaccesstoaGraphicsobjectviaitspaint()method. 76.Whatarethehighlevelthreadstates? Thehighlevelthreadstatesareready,running,waiting,anddead. 77.Whatvaluedoesread()returnwhenithasreachedtheendofafile? Theread()methodreturns1whenithasreachedtheendofafile. 78.CanaByteobjectbecasttoadoublevalue? No,anobjectcannotbecasttoaprimitivevalue. 79.Whatisthedifferencebetweenastaticandanonstaticinnerclass? Anonstaticinnerclassmayhaveobjectinstancesthatareassociatedwithinstancesofthe class'souterclass.Astaticinnerclassdoesnothaveanyobjectinstances. 80.WhatisthedifferencebetweentheStringandStringBufferclasses? Stringobjectsareconstants.StringBufferobjectsarenot. 81.Ifavariableisdeclaredasprivate,wheremaythevariablebeaccessed? Aprivatevariablemayonlybeaccessedwithintheclassinwhichitisdeclared. 82.Whatisanobject'slockandwhichobjectshavelocks? Anobject'slockisamechanismthatisusedbymultiplethreadstoobtainsynchronized accesstotheobject.Athreadmayexecuteasynchronizedmethodofanobjectonlyafterit hasacquiredtheobject'slock.Allobjectsandclasseshavelocks.Aclass'slockisacquired ontheclass'sClassobject. 83.WhatistheDictionaryclass? TheDictionaryclassprovidesthecapabilitytostorekeyvaluepairs. 84.HowaretheelementsofaBorderLayoutorganized? TheelementsofaBorderLayoutareorganizedattheborders(North,South,East,andWest) andthecenterofacontainer. 85.Whatisthe%operator? Itisreferredtoasthemoduloorremainderoperator.Itreturnstheremainderofdividingthe firstoperandbythesecondoperand. 86.Whencananobjectreferencebecasttoaninterfacereference? Anobjectreferencebecasttoaninterfacereferencewhentheobjectimplementsthe referencedinterface. 87.WhatisthedifferencebetweenaWindowandaFrame? TheFrameclassextendsWindowtodefineamainapplicationwindowthatcanhaveamenu bar. 88.Whichclassisextendedbyallotherclasses?

TheObjectclassisextendedbyallotherclasses. 89.Cananobjectbegarbagecollectedwhileitisstillreachable? Areachableobjectcannotbegarbagecollected.Onlyunreachableobjectsmaybegarbage collected.. 90.Istheternaryoperatorwrittenx:y? zorx? y:z? Itiswrittenx? y:z. 91.WhatisthedifferencebetweentheFontandFontMetricsclasses? TheFontMetricsclassisusedtodefineimplementationspecificproperties,suchasascent anddescent,ofaFontobject. 92.Howisroundingperformedunderintegerdivision? Thefractionalpartoftheresultistruncated.Thisisknownasroundingtowardzero. 93.Whathappenswhenathreadcannotacquirealockonanobject? Ifathreadattemptstoexecuteasynchronizedmethodorsynchronizedstatementandis unabletoacquireanobject'slock,itentersthewaitingstateuntilthelockbecomes available. 94.WhatisthedifferencebetweentheReader/Writerclasshierarchyandthe InputStream/OutputStreamclasshierarchy? TheReader/Writerclasshierarchyischaracteroriented,andtheInputStream/OutputStream classhierarchyisbyteoriented. 95.Whatclassesofexceptionsmaybecaughtbyacatchclause? AcatchclausecancatchanyexceptionthatmaybeassignedtotheThrowabletype.This includestheErrorandExceptiontypes. 96.Ifaclassisdeclaredwithoutanyaccessmodifiers,wheremaytheclassbe accessed? Aclassthatisdeclaredwithoutanyaccessmodifiersissaidtohavepackageaccess.This meansthattheclasscanonlybeaccessedbyotherclassesandinterfacesthataredefined withinthesamepackage. 97.WhatistheSimpleTimeZoneclass? TheSimpleTimeZoneclassprovidessupportforaGregoriancalendar. 98.WhatistheMapinterface? TheMapinterfacereplacestheJDK1.1Dictionaryclassandisusedassociatekeyswith values. 3. 99.Doesaclassinherittheconstructorsofitssuperclass? Aclassdoesnotinheritconstructorsfromanyofitssuperclasses. 100.Forwhichstatementsdoesitmakesensetousealabel? Theonlystatementsforwhichitmakessensetousealabelarethosestatementsthatcan encloseabreakorcontinuestatement. 101.WhatisthepurposeoftheSystemclass? ThepurposeoftheSystemclassistoprovideaccesstosystemresources.

102.WhichTextComponentmethodisusedtosetaTextComponenttothereadonly state? setEditable() 103.HowaretheelementsofaCardLayoutorganized? TheelementsofaCardLayoutarestacked,oneontopoftheother,likeadeckofcards.104. Is&&=avalidJavaoperator? No,itisnot. 105.NametheeightprimitiveJavatypes. Theeightprimitivetypesarebyte,char,short,int,long,float,double,andboolean. 106.Whichclassshouldyouusetoobtaindesigninformationaboutanobject? TheClassclassisusedtoobtaininformationaboutanobject'sdesign. 107.Whatistherelationshipbetweenclippingandrepainting? WhenawindowisrepaintedbytheAWTpaintingthread,itsetstheclippingregionstothe areaofthewindowthatrequiresrepainting. 108.Is"abc"aprimitivevalue? TheStringliteral"abc"isnotaprimitivevalue.ItisaStringobject. 109.Whatistherelationshipbetweenaneventlistenerinterfaceandaneventadapter class? Aneventlistenerinterfacedefinesthemethodsthatmustbeimplementedbyanevent handlerforaparticularkindofevent.Aneventadapterprovidesadefaultimplementationof aneventlistenerinterface. 110.Whatrestrictionsareplacedonthevaluesofeachcaseofaswitchstatement? Duringcompilation,thevaluesofeachcaseofaswitchstatementmustevaluatetoavalue thatcanbepromotedtoanintvalue. 111.Whatmodifiersmaybeusedwithaninterfacedeclaration? Aninterfacemaybedeclaredaspublicorabstract. 112.Isaclassasubclassofitself? Aclassisasubclassofitself. 113.Whatisthehighestleveleventclassoftheeventdelegationmodel? Thejava.util.EventObjectclassisthehighestlevelclassintheeventdelegationclass hierarchy. 114.Whateventresultsfromtheclickingofabutton? TheActionEventeventisgeneratedastheresultoftheclickingofabutton. 115.HowcanaGUIcomponenthandleitsownevents? Acomponentcanhandleitsowneventsbyimplementingtherequiredeventlistener interfaceandaddingitselfasitsowneventlistener. 116.Whatisthedifferencebetweenawhilestatementandadostatement? Awhilestatementchecksatthebeginningofalooptoseewhetherthenextloopiteration shouldoccur.Adostatementchecksattheendofalooptoseewhetherthenextiterationof aloopshouldoccur.Thedostatementwillalwaysexecutethebodyofaloopatleastonce. 117.HowaretheelementsofaGridBagLayoutorganized? TheelementsofaGridBagLayoutareorganizedaccordingtoagrid.However,theelements

areofdifferentsizesandmayoccupymorethanoneroworcolumnofthegrid.Inaddition, therowsandcolumnsmayhavedifferentsizes. 118.WhatadvantagedoJava'slayoutmanagersprovideovertraditionalwindowing systems? Javauseslayoutmanagerstolayoutcomponentsinaconsistentmanneracrossall windowingplatforms.SinceJava'slayoutmanagersaren'ttiedtoabsolutesizingand positioning,theyareabletoaccommodateplatformspecificdifferencesamongwindowing systems. 119.WhatistheCollectioninterface? TheCollectioninterfaceprovidessupportfortheimplementationofamathematicalbagan unorderedcollectionofobjectsthatmaycontainduplicates.120.Whatmodifierscanbe usedwithalocalinnerclass? Alocalinnerclassmaybefinalorabstract. 121.Whatisthedifferencebetweenstaticandnonstaticvariables? Astaticvariableisassociatedwiththeclassasawholeratherthanwithspecificinstancesof aclass.Nonstaticvariablestakeonuniquevalueswitheachobjectinstance. 122.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthepaint()andrepaint()methods? Thepaint()methodsupportspaintingviaaGraphicsobject.Therepaint()methodisusedto causepaint()tobeinvokedbytheAWTpaintingthread. 123.WhatisthepurposeoftheFileclass? TheFileclassisusedtocreateobjectsthatprovideaccesstothefilesanddirectoriesofa localfilesystem. 124.Cananexceptionberethrown? Yes,anexceptioncanberethrown. 125.WhichMathmethodisusedtocalculatetheabsolutevalueofanumber? Theabs()methodisusedtocalculateabsolutevalues. 126.HowdoesmultithreadingtakeplaceonacomputerwithasingleCPU? Theoperatingsystem'staskschedulerallocatesexecutiontimetomultipletasks.Byquickly switchingbetweenexecutingtasks,itcreatestheimpressionthattasksexecutesequentially. 127.Whendoesthecompilersupplyadefaultconstructorforaclass? Thecompilersuppliesadefaultconstructorforaclassifnootherconstructorsareprovided. 128.Whenisthefinallyclauseofatrycatchfinallystatementexecuted? Thefinallyclauseofthetrycatchfinallystatementisalwaysexecutedunlessthethreadof executionterminatesoranexceptionoccurswithintheexecutionofthefinallyclause. 129.WhichclassistheimmediatesuperclassoftheContainerclass? Component 130.Ifamethodisdeclaredasprotected,wheremaythemethodbeaccessed? Aprotectedmethodmayonlybeaccessedbyclassesorinterfacesofthesamepackageorby subclassesoftheclassinwhichitisdeclared. 131.HowcantheCheckboxclassbeusedtocreatearadiobutton? ByassociatingCheckboxobjectswithaCheckboxGroup. 132.WhichnonUnicodelettercharactersmaybeusedasthefirstcharacterofan

identifier? ThenonUnicodelettercharacters$and_mayappearasthefirstcharacterofanidentifier 133.Whatrestrictionsareplacedonmethodoverloading? Twomethodsmaynothavethesamenameandargumentlistbutdifferentreturntypes. 134.Whathappenswhenyouinvokeathread'sinterruptmethodwhileitissleepingor waiting? Whenatask'sinterrupt()methodisexecuted,thetaskentersthereadystate.Thenexttime thetaskenterstherunningstate,anInterruptedExceptionisthrown. 135.Whatiscasting? Therearetwotypesofcasting,castingbetweenprimitivenumerictypesandcasting betweenobjectreferences.Castingbetweennumerictypesisusedtoconvertlargervalues, suchasdoublevalues,tosmallervalues,suchasbytevalues.Castingbetweenobject referencesisusedtorefertoanobjectbyacompatibleclass,interface,orarraytype reference. 136.Whatisthereturntypeofaprogram'smain()method? Aprogram'smain()methodhasavoidreturntype. 137.NamefourContainerclasses. Window,Frame,Dialog,FileDialog,Panel,Applet,orScrollPane 138.WhatisthedifferencebetweenaChoiceandaList? AChoiceisdisplayedinacompactformthatrequiresyoutopullitdowntoseethelistof availablechoices.OnlyoneitemmaybeselectedfromaChoice.AListmaybedisplayedin suchawaythatseveralListitemsarevisible.AListsupportstheselectionofoneormore Listitems. 139.WhatclassofexceptionsaregeneratedbytheJavaruntimesystem? TheJavaruntimesystemgeneratesRuntimeExceptionandErrorexceptions. 140.Whatclassallowsyoutoreadobjectsdirectlyfromastream? TheObjectInputStreamclasssupportsthereadingofobjectsfrominputstreams. 141.Whatisthedifferencebetweenafieldvariableandalocalvariable? Afieldvariableisavariablethatisdeclaredasamemberofaclass.Alocalvariableisa variablethatisdeclaredlocaltoamethod. 142.Underwhatconditionsisanobject'sfinalize()methodinvokedbythegarbage collector? Thegarbagecollectorinvokesanobject'sfinalize()methodwhenitdetectsthattheobject hasbecomeunreachable. 143.Howarethis()andsuper()usedwithconstructors? this()isusedtoinvokeaconstructorofthesameclass.super()isusedtoinvokeasuperclass constructor. 144.Whatistherelationshipbetweenamethod'sthrowsclauseandtheexceptionsthat canbethrownduringthemethod'sexecution? Amethod'sthrowsclausemustdeclareanycheckedexceptionsthatarenotcaughtwithin thebodyofthemethod. 145.WhatisthedifferencebetweentheJDK1.02eventmodelandtheeventdelegation

modelintroducedwithJDK1.1? TheJDK1.02eventmodelusesaneventinheritanceorbubblingapproach.Inthismodel, componentsarerequiredtohandletheirownevents.Iftheydonothandleaparticularevent, theeventisinheritedby(orbubbledupto)thecomponent'scontainer.Thecontainerthen eitherhandlestheeventoritisbubbleduptoitscontainerandsoon,untilthehighestlevel containerhasbeentried.Intheeventdelegationmodel,specificobjectsaredesignatedas eventhandlersforGUIcomponents.Theseobjectsimplementeventlistenerinterfaces.The eventdelegationmodelismoreefficientthantheeventinheritancemodelbecauseit eliminatestheprocessingrequiredtosupportthebubblingofunhandledevents. 146.HowisitpossiblefortwoStringobjectswithidenticalvaluesnottobeequal underthe==operator? The==operatorcomparestwoobjectstodetermineiftheyarethesameobjectinmemory. ItispossiblefortwoStringobjectstohavethesamevalue,butlocatedindifferentareasof memory. 147.WhyarethemethodsoftheMathclassstatic? Sotheycanbeinvokedasiftheyareamathematicalcodelibrary. 4. 148.WhatCheckboxmethodallowsyoutotellifaCheckboxischecked? getState() 149.Whatstateisathreadinwhenitisexecuting? Anexecutingthreadisintherunningstate. 150.Whatarethelegaloperandsoftheinstanceofoperator? Theleftoperandisanobjectreferenceornullvalueandtherightoperandisaclass, interface,orarraytype. 151.HowaretheelementsofaGridLayoutorganized? TheelementsofaGridBadlayoutareofequalsizeandarelaidoutusingthesquaresofa grid. 152.WhatanI/Ofilter? AnI/Ofilterisanobjectthatreadsfromonestreamandwritestoanother,usuallyaltering thedatainsomewayasitispassedfromonestreamtoanother. 153.Ifanobjectisgarbagecollected,canitbecomereachableagain? Onceanobjectisgarbagecollected,itceasestoexist.Itcannolongerbecomereachable again. 154.WhatistheSetinterface? TheSetinterfaceprovidesmethodsforaccessingtheelementsofafinitemathematicalset. Setsdonotallowduplicateelements. 155.Whatclassesofexceptionsmaybethrownbyathrowstatement? AthrowstatementmaythrowanyexpressionthatmaybeassignedtotheThrowabletype. 156.WhatareEandPI? EisthebaseofthenaturallogarithmandPIismathematicalvaluepi. 157.Aretrueandfalsekeywords? Thevaluestrueandfalsearenotkeywords. 158.Whatisavoidreturntype?

Avoidreturntypeindicatesthatamethoddoesnotreturnavalue. 159.WhatisthepurposeoftheenableEvents()method? TheenableEvents()methodisusedtoenableaneventforaparticularobject.Normally,an eventisenabledwhenalistenerisaddedtoanobjectforaparticularevent.The enableEvents()methodisusedbyobjectsthathandleeventsbyoverridingtheirevent dispatchmethods. 160.WhatisthedifferencebetweentheFileandRandomAccessFileclasses? TheFileclassencapsulatesthefilesanddirectoriesofthelocalfilesystem.The RandomAccessFileclassprovidesthemethodsneededtodirectlyaccessdatacontainedin anypartofafile. 161.WhathappenswhenyouaddadoublevaluetoaString? TheresultisaStringobject. 162.Whatisyourplatform'sdefaultcharacterencoding? IfyouarerunningJavaonEnglishWindowsplatforms,itisprobablyCp1252.Ifyouare runningJavaonEnglishSolarisplatforms,itismostlikely8859_1.. 163.Whichpackageisalwaysimportedbydefault? Thejava.langpackageisalwaysimportedbydefault. 164.Whatinterfacemustanobjectimplementbeforeitcanbewrittentoastreamas anobject? AnobjectmustimplementtheSerializableorExternalizableinterfacebeforeitcanbe writtentoastreamasanobject. 165.Howarethisandsuperused? thisisusedtorefertothecurrentobjectinstance.superisusedtorefertothevariablesand methodsofthesuperclassofthecurrentobjectinstance. 166.Whatisthepurposeofgarbagecollection? Thepurposeofgarbagecollectionistoidentifyanddiscardobjectsthatarenolonger neededbyaprogramsothattheirresourcesmaybereclaimedandreused. 167.Whatisacompilationunit? AcompilationunitisaJavasourcecodefile. 168.WhatinterfaceisextendedbyAWTeventlisteners? AllAWTeventlistenersextendthejava.util.EventListenerinterface.169.Whatrestrictions areplacedonmethodoverriding? Overriddenmethodsmusthavethesamename,argumentlist,andreturntype.The overridingmethodmaynotlimittheaccessofthemethoditoverrides.Theoverriding methodmaynotthrowanyexceptionsthatmaynotbethrownbytheoverriddenmethod. 170.Howcanadeadthreadberestarted? Adeadthreadcannotberestarted. 171.Whathappensifanexceptionisnotcaught? AnuncaughtexceptionresultsintheuncaughtException()methodofthethread's ThreadGroupbeinginvoked,whicheventuallyresultsintheterminationoftheprogramin whichitisthrown. 172.Whatisalayoutmanager?

Alayoutmanagerisanobjectthatisusedtoorganizecomponentsinacontainer. 173.Whicharithmeticoperationscanresultinthethrowingofan ArithmeticException? Integer/and%canresultinthethrowingofanArithmeticException. 174.Whatarethreewaysinwhichathreadcanenterthewaitingstate? Athreadcanenterthewaitingstatebyinvokingitssleep()method,byblockingonI/O,by unsuccessfullyattemptingtoacquireanobject'slock,orbyinvokinganobject'swait() method.Itcanalsoenterthewaitingstatebyinvokingits(deprecated)suspend()method. 175.Cananabstractclassbefinal? Anabstractclassmaynotbedeclaredasfinal. 176.WhatistheResourceBundleclass? TheResourceBundleclassisusedtostorelocalespecificresourcesthatcanbeloadedbya programtotailortheprogram'sappearancetotheparticularlocaleinwhichitisbeingrun. 177.Whathappensifatrycatchfinallystatementdoesnothaveacatchclauseto handleanexceptionthatisthrownwithinthebodyofthetrystatement? Theexceptionpropagatesuptothenexthigherleveltrycatchstatement(ifany)orresultsin theprogram'stermination. 178.Whatisnumericpromotion? Numericpromotionistheconversionofasmallernumerictypetoalargernumerictype,so thatintegerandfloatingpointoperationsmaytakeplace.Innumericalpromotion,byte, char,andshortvaluesareconvertedtointvalues.Theintvaluesarealsoconvertedtolong values,ifnecessary.Thelongandfloatvaluesareconvertedtodoublevalues,asrequired. 179.WhatisthedifferencebetweenaScrollbarandaScrollPane? AScrollbarisaComponent,butnotaContainer.AScrollPaneisaContainer.AScrollPane handlesitsowneventsandperformsitsownscrolling. 180.Whatisthedifferencebetweenapublicandanonpublicclass? Apublicclassmaybeaccessedoutsideofitspackage.Anonpublicclassmaynotbe accessedoutsideofitspackage. 181.Towhatvalueisavariableofthebooleantypeautomaticallyinitialized? Thedefaultvalueofthebooleantypeisfalse. 182.Cantrystatementsbenested? Trystatementsmaybetested. 183.Whatisthedifferencebetweentheprefixandpostfixformsofthe++operator? Theprefixformperformstheincrementoperationandreturnsthevalueoftheincrement operation.Thepostfixformreturnsthecurrentvaluealloftheexpressionandthenperforms theincrementoperationonthatvalue. 184.Whatisthepurposeofastatementblock? Astatementblockisusedtoorganizeasequenceofstatementsasasinglestatementgroup. 185.WhatisaJavapackageandhowisitused? AJavapackageisanamingcontextforclassesandinterfaces.Apackageisusedtocreatea separatenamespaceforgroupsofclassesandinterfaces.Packagesarealsousedtoorganize relatedclassesandinterfacesintoasingleAPIunitandtocontrolaccessibilitytothese

classesandinterfaces. 186.Whatmodifiersmaybeusedwithatoplevelclass? Atoplevelclassmaybepublic,abstract,orfinal. 187.WhataretheObjectandClassclassesusedfor? TheObjectclassisthehighestlevelclassintheJavaclasshierarchy.TheClassclassisused torepresenttheclassesandinterfacesthatareloadedbyaJavaprogram. 188.Howdoesatrystatementdeterminewhichcatchclauseshouldbeusedtohandle anexception? Whenanexceptionisthrownwithinthebodyofatrystatement,thecatchclausesofthetry statementareexaminedintheorderinwhichtheyappear.Thefirstcatchclausethatis capableofhandlingtheexceptionisexecuted.Theremainingcatchclausesareignored. 189.Cananunreachableobjectbecomereachableagain? Anunreachableobjectmaybecomereachableagain.Thiscanhappenwhentheobject's finalize()methodisinvokedandtheobjectperformsanoperationwhichcausesittobecome accessibletoreachableobjects.190.Whenisanobjectsubjecttogarbagecollection? Anobjectissubjecttogarbagecollectionwhenitbecomesunreachabletotheprogramin whichitisused. 191.Whatmethodmustbeimplementedbyallthreads? Alltasksmustimplementtherun()method,whethertheyareasubclassofThreador implementtheRunnableinterface. 192.WhatmethodsareusedtogetandsetthetextlabeldisplayedbyaButtonobject? getLabel()andsetLabel() 193.WhichComponentsubclassisusedfordrawingandpainting? Canvas 194.Whataresynchronizedmethodsandsynchronizedstatements? Synchronizedmethodsaremethodsthatareusedtocontrolaccesstoanobject.Athread onlyexecutesasynchronizedmethodafterithasacquiredthelockforthemethod'sobjector class.Synchronizedstatementsaresimilartosynchronizedmethods.Asynchronized statementcanonlybeexecutedafterathreadhasacquiredthelockfortheobjectorclass referencedinthesynchronizedstatement 195.Whatarethetwobasicwaysinwhichclassesthatcanberunasthreadsmaybe defined? AthreadclassmaybedeclaredasasubclassofThread,oritmayimplementtheRunnable interface. 196.WhataretheproblemsfacedbyJavaprogrammerswhodon'tuselayout managers? Withoutlayoutmanagers,JavaprogrammersarefacedwithdetermininghowtheirGUIwill bedisplayedacrossmultiplewindowingsystemsandfindingacommonsizingand positioningthatwillworkwithintheconstraintsimposedbyeachwindowingsystem. 197.Whatisthedifferencebetweenanifstatementandaswitchstatement? Theifstatementisusedtoselectamongtwoalternatives.Itusesabooleanexpressionto decidewhichalternativeshouldbeexecuted.Theswitchstatementisusedtoselectamong

multiplealternatives.Itusesanintexpressiontodeterminewhichalternativeshouldbe executed. DatabaseQuestionandAnswer 1. Howdoyouimplementonetoone,onetomanyandmanytomanyrelationships whiledesigningtables? OnetoOnerelationshipcanbeimplementedasasingletableandrarelyastwotableswith primaryandforeignkeyrelationships.OnetoManyrelationshipsareimplementedby splittingthedataintotwotableswithprimarykeyandforeignkeyrelationships.Manyto Manyrelationshipsareimplementedusingajunctiontablewiththekeysfromboththe tablesformingthecompositeprimarykeyofthejunctiontable. 2.What'sthedifferencebetweenaprimarykeyandauniquekey? Bothprimarykeyanduniqueenforceuniquenessofthecolumnonwhichtheyaredefined. Butbydefaultprimarykeycreatesaclusteredindexonthecolumn,whereareunique createsanonclusteredindexbydefault.Anothermajordifferenceisthat,primarykey doesn'tallowNULLs,butuniquekeyallowsoneNULLonly. 3.Whatareuserdefineddatatypesandwhenyoushouldgoforthem? UserdefineddatatypesletyouextendthebaseSQLServerdatatypesbyprovidinga descriptivename,andformattothedatabase.Takeforexample,inyourdatabase,thereisa columncalledFlight_Numwhichappearsinmanytables.Inallthesetablesitshouldbe varchar(8).InthiscaseyoucouldcreateauserdefineddatatypecalledFlight_num_typeof varchar(8)anduseitacrossallyourtables. 4.Whatisbitdatatypeandwhat'stheinformationthatcanbestoredinsideabit column? Bitdatatypeisusedtostorebooleaninformationlike1or0(trueorfalse).UntillSQL Server6.5bitdatatypecouldholdeithera1or0andtherewasnosupportforNULL.But fromSQLServer7.0onwards,bitdatatypecanrepresentathirdstate,whichisNULL. 5.Definecandidatekey,alternatekey,compositekey. Acandidatekeyisonethatcanidentifyeachrowofatableuniquely.Generallyacandidate keybecomestheprimarykeyofthetable.Ifthetablehasmorethanonecandidatekey,one ofthemwillbecometheprimarykey,andtherestarecalledalternatekeys.Akeyformed bycombiningatleasttwoormorecolumnsiscalledcompositekey. 6.Whataredefaults?Isthereacolumntowhichadefaultcan'tbebound? Adefaultisavaluethatwillbeusedbyacolumn,ifnovalueissuppliedtothatcolumn whileinsertingdata.IDENTITYcolumnsandtimestampcolumnscan'thavedefaultsbound tothem.

J2eeQuestionandanswer Whatis"abstractschema"? Thepartofanentitybean'sdeploymentdescriptorthatdefinesthebean'spersistentfields andrelationships. 2.Whatis"abstractschemaname"? AlogicalnamethatisreferencedinEJBQLqueries. 3.Whatis"accesscontrol"? Themethodsbywhichinteractionswithresourcesarelimitedtocollectionsofusersor programsforthepurposeofenforcingintegrity,confidentiality,oravailabilityconstraints. 4.Whatis"ACID"? Theacronymforthefourpropertiesguaranteedbytransactions:atomicity,consistency, isolation,anddurability. 5.Whatis"activation"? Theprocessoftransferringanenterprisebeanfromsecondarystoragetomemory.(See passivation.) 6.Whatis"anonymousaccess"? Accessingaresourcewithoutauthentication. 7.Whatis"applet"? AJ2EEcomponentthattypicallyexecutesinaWebbrowserbutcanexecuteinavarietyof otherapplicationsordevicesthatsupporttheappletprogrammingmodel. 8.Whatis"appletcontainer"? Acontainerthatincludessupportfortheappletprogrammingmodel. 9.Whatis"applicationassembler"? ApersonwhocombinesJ2EEcomponentsandmodulesintodeployableapplicationunits. 10.Whatis"applicationclient"? AfirsttierJ2EEclientcomponentthatexecutesinitsownJavavirtualmachine. ApplicationclientshaveaccesstosomeJ2EEplatformAPIs. 11.Whatis"applicationclientcontainer"? Acontainerthatsupportsapplicationclientcomponents. 12.Whatis"applicationclientmodule"? Asoftwareunitthatconsistsofoneormoreclassesandanapplicationclientdeployment descriptor. 13.Whatis"applicationcomponentprovider"? AvendorthatprovidestheJavaclassesthatimplementcomponents'methods,JSPpage definitions,andanyrequireddeploymentdescriptors. 14.Whatis"applicationconfigurationresourcefile"? AnXMLfileusedtoconfigureresourcesforaJavaServerFacesapplication,todefine navigationrulesfortheapplication,andtoregisterconverters,validators,listeners, renderers,andcomponentswiththeapplication. 15.Whatis"archiving"? Theprocessofsavingthestateofanobjectandrestoringit.

16.Whatis"asant"? AJavabasedbuildtoolthatcanbeextendedusingJavaclasses.Theconfigurationfilesare XMLbased,callingoutatargettreewherevarioustasksgetexecuted. 17.Whatis"attribute"? AqualifieronanXMLtagthatprovidesadditionalinformation. 18.Whatisauthentication? Theprocessthatverifiestheidentityofauser,device,orotherentityinacomputersystem, usuallyasaprerequisitetoallowingaccesstoresourcesinasystem.TheJavaservlet specificationrequiresthreetypesofauthenticationbasic,formbased,andmutualand supportsdigestauthentication. 19.Whatisauthorization? Theprocessbywhichaccesstoamethodorresourceisdetermined.Authorizationdepends onthedeterminationofwhethertheprincipalassociatedwitharequestthrough authenticationisinagivensecurityrole.Asecurityroleisalogicalgroupingofusers definedbythepersonwhoassemblestheapplication.Adeployermapssecurityrolesto securityidentities.Securityidentitiesmaybeprincipalsorgroupsintheoperational environment. 20.Whatisauthorizationconstraint? AnauthorizationrulethatdetermineswhoispermittedtoaccessaWebresourcecollection. 21.WhatisB2B? B2BstandsforBusinesstobusiness. 22.Whatisbackingbean? AJavaBeanscomponentthatcorrespondstoaJSPpagethatincludesJavaServerFaces components.Thebackingbeandefinespropertiesforthecomponentsonthepageand methodsthatperformprocessingforthecomponent.Thisprocessingincludesevent handling,validation,andprocessingassociatedwithnavigation. 23.Whatisbasicauthentication? AnauthenticationmechanisminwhichaWebserverauthenticatesanentityviaausername andpasswordobtainedusingtheWebapplication'sbuiltinauthenticationmechanism. 24.Whatisbeanmanagedpersistence? Themechanismwherebydatatransferbetweenanentitybean'svariablesandaresource managerismanagedbytheentitybean. 25.Whatisbeanmanagedtransaction? Atransactionwhoseboundariesaredefinedbyanenterprisebean. 26.Whatisbinaryentity? Seeunparsedentity. 27.Whatisbinding(XML)? GeneratingthecodeneededtoprocessawelldefinedportionofXMLdata. 28.Whatisbinding(JavaServerFacestechnology)? WiringUIcomponentstobackenddatasourcessuchasbackingbeanproperties. 29.Whatisbuildfile? TheXMLfilethatcontainsoneormoreasanttargets.Atargetisasetoftasksyouwantto

beexecuted.Whenstartingasant,youcanselectwhichtargetsyouwanttohaveexecuted. Whennotargetisgiven,theproject'sdefaulttargetisexecuted. 30.Whatisbusinesslogic? Thecodethatimplementsthefunctionalityofanapplication.IntheEnterpriseJavaBeans architecture,thislogicisimplementedbythemethodsofanenterprisebean. 31.Whatisbusinessmethod? Amethodofanenterprisebeanthatimplementsthebusinesslogicorrulesofanapplication. 32.Whatiscallbackmethods? Componentmethodscalledbythecontainertonotifythecomponentofimportanteventsin itslifecycle. 33.Whatiscaller? Sameascallerprincipal. 34.Whatiscallerprincipal? Theprincipalthatidentifiestheinvokeroftheenterprisebeanmethod. 35.Whatiscascadedelete? Adeletionthattriggersanotherdeletion.Acascadedeletecanbespecifiedforanentity beanthathascontainermanagedpersistence. 36.WhatisCDATA? ApredefinedXMLtagforcharacterdatathatmeans"don'tinterpretthesecharacters,"as opposedtoparsedcharacterdata(PCDATA),inwhichthenormalrulesofXMLsyntax apply.CDATAsectionsaretypicallyusedtoshowexamplesofXMLsyntax. 37.Whatiscertificateauthority? Atrustedorganizationthatissuespublickeycertificatesandprovidesidentificationtothe bearer. 38.Whatisclientcertificateauthentication? AnauthenticationmechanismthatusesHTTPoverSSL,inwhichtheserverand,optionally, theclientauthenticateeachotherwithapublickeycertificatethatconformstoastandard thatisdefinedbyX.509PublicKeyInfrastructure. 39.Whatiscomment? InanXMLdocument,textthatisignoredunlesstheparserisspecificallytoldtorecognize it. 40.Whatiscommit? Thepointinatransactionwhenallupdatestoanyresourcesinvolvedinthetransactionare madepermanent. 41.Whatiscomponent? SeewhatisJ2EEcomponent. 42.Whatiscomponent(JavaServerFacestechnology)? SeewhatisJavaServerFacesUIcomponent. 1. 43.Whatiscomponentcontract? ThecontractbetweenaJ2EEcomponentanditscontainer.Thecontractincludeslifecycle managementofthecomponent,acontextinterfacethattheinstanceusestoobtainvarious

informationandservicesfromitscontainer,andalistofservicesthateverycontainermust provideforitscomponents. 44.Whatiscomponentmanagedsignon? Amechanismwherebysecurityinformationneededforsigningontoaresourceisprovided byanapplicationcomponent. 45.Whatisconnection? Seewhatisresourcemanagerconnection. 46.Whatisconnectionfactory? Seewhatisresourcemanagerconnectionfactory. 47.Whatisconnector? Astandardextensionmechanismforcontainersthatprovidesconnectivitytoenterprise informationsystems.Aconnectorisspecifictoanenterpriseinformationsystemand consistsofaresourceadapterandapplicationdevelopmenttoolsforenterpriseinformation systemconnectivity.Theresourceadapterispluggedintoacontainerthroughitssupport forsystemlevelcontractsdefinedintheConnectorarchitecture. 48.WhatisConnectorarchitecture? AnarchitectureforintegrationofJ2EEproductswithenterpriseinformationsystems.There aretwopartstothisarchitecture:aresourceadapterprovidedbyanenterpriseinformation systemvendorandtheJ2EEproductthatallowsthisresourceadaptertoplugin.This architecturedefinesasetofcontractsthataresourceadaptermustsupporttoplugintoa J2EEproductforexample,transactions,security,andresourcemanagement. 49.Whatiscontainer? Anentitythatprovideslifecyclemanagement,security,deployment,andruntimeservices toJ2EEcomponents.Eachtypeofcontainer(EJB,Web,JSP,servlet,applet,andapplication client)alsoprovidescomponentspecificservices. 50.Whatiscontainermanagedpersistence? Themechanismwherebydatatransferbetweenanentitybean'svariablesandaresource managerismanagedbytheentitybean'scontainer. 51.Whatiscontainermanagedsignon? Themechanismwherebysecurityinformationneededforsigningontoaresourceis suppliedbythecontainer. 52.Whatiscontainermanagedtransaction? AtransactionwhoseboundariesaredefinedbyanEJBcontainer.Anentitybeanmustuse containermanagedtransactions. 53.Whatiscontent? InanXMLdocument,thepartthatoccursaftertheprolog,includingtherootelementand everythingitcontains. 54.Whatiscontextattribute? Anobjectboundintothecontextassociatedwithaservlet. 55.Whatiscontextroot? AnamethatgetsmappedtothedocumentrootofaWebapplication. 56.Whatisconversationalstate?

Thefieldvaluesofasessionbeanplusthetransitiveclosureoftheobjectsreachablefrom thebean'sfields.Thetransitiveclosureofabeanisdefinedintermsoftheserialization protocolfortheJavaprogramminglanguage,thatis,thefieldsthatwouldbestoredby serializingthebeaninstance. 57.WhatisCORBA? CommonObjectRequestBrokerArchitecture.Alanguageindependentdistributedobject modelspecifiedbytheOMG. 58.Whatiscreatemethod? Amethoddefinedinthehomeinterfaceandinvokedbyaclienttocreateanenterprisebean. 59.Whatiscredentials? Theinformationdescribingthesecurityattributesofaprincipal. 60.WhatisCSS? Cascadingstylesheet.AstylesheetusedwithHTMLandXMLdocumentstoaddastyleto allelementsmarkedwithaparticulartag,forthedirectionofbrowsersorotherpresentation mechanisms. 61.WhatisCTS? Compatibilitytestsuite.AsuiteofcompatibilitytestsforverifyingthataJ2EEproduct complieswiththeJ2EEplatformspecification. 62.Whatisdata? ThecontentsofanelementinanXMLstream,generallyusedwhentheelementdoesnot containanysubelements.Whenitdoes,thetermcontentisgenerallyused.Whentheonly textinanXMLstructureiscontainedinsimpleelementsandwhenelementsthathave subelementshavelittleornodatamixedin,thenthatstructureisoftenthoughtofasXML data,asopposedtoanXMLdocument. 63.WhatisDDP? Documentdrivenprogramming.TheuseofXMLtodefineapplications. 64.Whatisdeclaration? TheveryfirstthinginanXMLdocument,whichdeclaresitasXML.Theminimal declarationisxmlversion="1.0"? >.Thedeclarationispartofthedocumentprolog. 65.Whatisdeclarativesecurity? Mechanismsusedinanapplicationthatareexpressedinadeclarativesyntaxina deploymentdescriptor. 66.Whatisdelegation? Anactwherebyoneprincipalauthorizesanotherprincipaltouseitsidentityorprivileges withsomerestrictions. 67.Whatisdeployer? ApersonwhoinstallsJ2EEmodulesandapplicationsintoanoperationalenvironment. 68.Whatisdeployment? Theprocesswherebysoftwareisinstalledintoanoperationalenvironment. 69.Whatisdeploymentdescriptor?

AnXMLfileprovidedwitheachmoduleandJ2EEapplicationthatdescribeshowthey shouldbedeployed.Thedeploymentdescriptordirectsadeploymenttooltodeploya moduleorapplicationwithspecificcontaineroptionsanddescribesspecificconfiguration requirementsthatadeployermustresolve. 70.Whatisdestination? AJMSadministeredobjectthatencapsulatestheidentityofaJMSqueueortopic.See pointtopointmessagingsystem,publish/subscribemessagingsystem. 71.Whatisdigestauthentication? AnauthenticationmechanisminwhichaWebapplicationauthenticatesitselftoaWeb serverbysendingtheserveramessagedigestalongwithitsHTTPrequestmessage.The digestiscomputedbyemployingaonewayhashalgorithmtoaconcatenationoftheHTTP requestmessageandtheclient'spassword.Thedigestistypicallymuchsmallerthanthe HTTPrequestanddoesn'tcontainthepassword. 72.Whatisdistributedapplication? Anapplicationmadeupofdistinctcomponentsrunninginseparateruntimeenvironments, usuallyondifferentplatformsconnectedviaanetwork.Typicaldistributedapplicationsare twotier(clientserver),threetier(clientmiddlewareserver),andmultitier(clientmultiple middlewaremultipleservers). 73.Whatisdocument? Ingeneral,anXMLstructureinwhichoneormoreelementscontainstextintermixedwith subelements.Seealsodata. 74.WhatisDocumentObjectModel? AnAPIforaccessingandmanipulatingXMLdocumentsastreestructures.DOMprovides platformneutral,languageneutralinterfacesthatenablesprogramsandscriptsto dynamicallyaccessandmodifycontentandstructureinXMLdocuments. 75.Whatisdocumentroot? ThetopleveldirectoryofaWAR.ThedocumentrootiswhereJSPpages,clientside classesandarchives,andstaticWebresourcesarestored. 76.WhatisDTD? Documenttypedefinition.AnoptionalpartoftheXMLdocumentprolog,asspecifiedby theXMLstandard.TheDTDspecifiesconstraintsonthevalidtagsandtagsequencesthat canbeinthedocument.TheDTDhasanumberofshortcomings,however,andthishasled tovariousschemaproposals.Forexample,theDTDentrysaysthattheXMLelementcalled usernamecontainsparsedcharacterdatathatis,textalone,withnootherstructuralelements underit.TheDTDincludesboththelocalsubset,definedinthecurrentfile,andtheexternal subset,whichconsistsofthedefinitionscontainedinexternalDTDfilesthatarereferenced inthelocalsubsetusingaparameterentity. 77.Whatisdurablesubscription? InaJMSpublish/subscribemessagingsystem,asubscriptionthatcontinuestoexistwhether ornotthereisacurrentactivesubscriberobject.Ifthereisnoactivesubscriber,theJMS providerretainsthesubscription'smessagesuntiltheyarereceivedbythesubscriptionor untiltheyexpire. 78.WhatisEARfile?

EnterpriseArchivefile.AJARarchivethatcontainsaJ2EEapplication. 79.WhatisebXML? ElectronicBusinessXML.Agroupofspecificationsdesignedtoenableenterprisesto conductbusinessthroughtheexchangeofXMLbasedmessages.ItissponsoredbyOASIS andtheUnitedNationsCentrefortheFacilitationofProceduresandPracticesin Administration,CommerceandTransport(U.N./CEFACT). 80.WhatisEJB? EnterpriseJavaBeans. 81.WhatisEJBcontainer? AcontainerthatimplementstheEJBcomponentcontractoftheJ2EEarchitecture.This contractspecifiesaruntimeenvironmentforenterprisebeansthatincludessecurity, concurrency,lifecyclemanagement,transactions,deployment,naming,andotherservices. AnEJBcontainerisprovidedbyanEJBorJ2EEserver. 82.WhatisEJBcontainerprovider? AvendorthatsuppliesanEJBcontainer. 83.WhatisEJBcontext? Anobjectthatallowsanenterprisebeantoinvokeservicesprovidedbythecontainerandto obtaintheinformationaboutthecallerofaclientinvokedmethod. 84.WhatisEJBhomeobject? Anobjectthatprovidesthelifecycleoperations(create,remove,find)foranenterprise bean.TheclassfortheEJBhomeobjectisgeneratedbythecontainer'sdeploymenttools. TheEJBhomeobjectimplementstheenterprisebean'shomeinterface.Theclientreferences anEJBhomeobjecttoperformlifecycleoperationsonanEJBobject.TheclientusesJNDI tolocateanEJBhomeobject. 2. 85.WhatisEJBJARfile? AJARarchivethatcontainsanEJBmodule. 86.WhatisEJBmodule? AdeployableunitthatconsistsofoneormoreenterprisebeansandanEJBdeployment descriptor. 87.WhatisEJBobject? Anobjectwhoseclassimplementstheenterprisebean'sremoteinterface.Aclientnever referencesanenterprisebeaninstancedirectly;aclientalwaysreferencesanEJBobject. TheclassofanEJBobjectisgeneratedbyacontainer'sdeploymenttools. 88.WhatisEJBserver? SoftwarethatprovidesservicestoanEJBcontainer.Forexample,anEJBcontainer typicallyreliesonatransactionmanagerthatispartoftheEJBservertoperformthetwo phasecommitacrossalltheparticipatingresourcemanagers.TheJ2EEarchitectureassumes thatanEJBcontainerishostedbyanEJBserverfromthesamevendor,soitdoesnot specifythecontractbetweenthesetwoentities.AnEJBservercanhostoneormoreEJB containers. 89.WhatisEJBserverprovider? AvendorthatsuppliesanEJBserver.

90.Whatiselement? AunitofXMLdata,delimitedbytags.AnXMLelementcanencloseotherelements. 91.Whatisemptytag? Atagthatdoesnotencloseanycontent. 92.Whatisenterprisebean? AJ2EEcomponentthatimplementsabusinesstaskorbusinessentityandishostedbyan EJBcontainer;eitheranentitybean,asessionbean,oramessagedrivenbean. 93.Whatisenterprisebeanprovider? Anapplicationdeveloperwhoproducesenterprisebeanclasses,remoteandhome interfaces,anddeploymentdescriptorfiles,andpackagestheminanEJBJARfile. 94.Whatisenterpriseinformationsystem? Theapplicationsthatconstituteanenterprise'sexistingsystemforhandlingcompanywide information.Theseapplicationsprovideaninformationinfrastructureforanenterprise.An enterpriseinformationsystemoffersawelldefinedsetofservicestoitsclients.These servicesareexposedtoclientsaslocalorremoteinterfacesorboth.Examplesofenterprise informationsystemsincludeenterpriseresourceplanningsystems,mainframetransaction processingsystems,andlegacydatabasesystems. 95.Whatisenterpriseinformationsystemresource? Anentitythatprovidesenterpriseinformationsystemspecificfunctionalitytoitsclients. Examplesarearecordorsetofrecordsinadatabasesystem,abusinessobjectinan enterpriseresourceplanningsystem,andatransactionprograminatransactionprocessing system. 96.WhatisEnterpriseJavaBeans(EJB)? Acomponentarchitectureforthedevelopmentanddeploymentofobjectoriented, distributed,enterpriselevelapplications.ApplicationswrittenusingtheEnterprise JavaBeansarchitecturearescalable,transactional,andsecure. 97.WhatisEnterpriseJavaBeansQueryLanguage(EJBQL)? Definesthequeriesforthefinderandselectmethodsofanentitybeanhavingcontainer managedpersistence.AsubsetofSQL92,EJBQLhasextensionsthatallownavigationover therelationshipsdefinedinanentitybean'sabstractschema. 98.Whatisanentity? Adistinct,individualitemthatcanbeincludedinanXMLdocumentbyreferencingit.Such anentityreferencecannameanentityassmallasacharacter(forexample,<,which referencesthelessthansymbolorleftanglebracket,<).Anentityreferencecanalso referenceanentiredocument,anexternalentity,oracollectionofDTDdefinitions. 99.Whatisentitybean? Anenterprisebeanthatrepresentspersistentdatamaintainedinadatabase.Anentitybean canmanageitsownpersistenceorcandelegatethisfunctiontoitscontainer.Anentitybean isidentifiedbyaprimarykey.Ifthecontainerinwhichanentitybeanishostedcrashes,the entitybean,itsprimarykey,andanyremotereferencessurvivethecrash. 100.Whatisentityreference? AreferencetoanentitythatissubstitutedforthereferencewhentheXMLdocumentis parsed.Itcanreferenceapredefinedentitysuchas<orreferenceonethatisdefinedinthe

DTD.IntheXMLdata,thereferencecouldbetoanentitythatisdefinedinthelocalsubset oftheDTDortoanexternalXMLfile(anexternalentity).TheDTDcanalsocarveouta segmentofDTDspecificationsandgiveitanamesothatitcanbereused(included)at multiplepointsintheDTDbydefiningaparameterentity. 101.Whatiserror? ASAXparsingerrorisgenerallyavalidationerror;inotherwords,itoccurswhenanXML documentisnotvalid,althoughitcanalsooccurifthedeclarationspecifiesanXMLversion thattheparsercannothandle.Seealsofatalerror,warning. 102.WhatisExtensibleMarkupLanguage? XML. 103.Whatisexternalentity? AnentitythatexistsasanexternalXMLfile,whichisincludedintheXMLdocumentusing anentityreference. 104.Whatisexternalsubset? ThatpartofaDTDthatisdefinedbyreferencestoexternalDTDfiles. 105.Whatisfatalerror? AfatalerroroccursintheSAXparserwhenadocumentisnotwellformedorotherwise cannotbeprocessed.Seealsoerror,warning. 106.Whatisfilter? Anobjectthatcantransformtheheaderorcontent(orboth)ofarequestorresponse.Filters differfromWebcomponentsinthattheyusuallydonotthemselvescreateresponsesbut rathermodifyoradapttherequestsforaresource,andmodifyoradaptresponsesfroma resource.AfiltershouldnothaveanydependenciesonaWebresourceforwhichitisacting asafiltersothatitcanbecomposablewithmorethanonetypeofWebresource. 107.Whatisfilterchain? AconcatenationofXSLTtransformationsinwhichtheoutputofonetransformation becomestheinputofthenext. 108.Whatisfindermethod? Amethoddefinedinthehomeinterfaceandinvokedbyaclienttolocateanentitybean. 109.Whatisformbasedauthentication? AnauthenticationmechanisminwhichaWebcontainerprovidesanapplicationspecific formforloggingin.ThisformofauthenticationusesBase64encodingandcanexposeuser namesandpasswordsunlessallconnectionsareoverSSL. 110.Whatisgeneralentity? AnentitythatisreferencedaspartofanXMLdocument'scontent,asdistinctfroma parameterentity,whichisreferencedintheDTD.Ageneralentitycanbeaparsedentityor anunparsedentity. 111.Whatisgroup? Anauthenticatedsetofusersclassifiedbycommontraitssuchasjobtitleorcustomer profile.Groupsarealsoassociatedwithasetofroles,andeveryuserthatisamemberofa groupinheritsalltherolesassignedtothatgroup. 112.Whatishandle?

Anobjectthatidentifiesanenterprisebean.Aclientcanserializethehandleandthenlater deserializeittoobtainareferencetotheenterprisebean. 113.Whatishomehandle? Anobjectthatcanbeusedtoobtainareferencetothehomeinterface.Ahomehandlecan beserializedandwrittentostablestorageanddeserializedtoobtainthereference. 114.Whatishomeinterface? Oneoftwointerfacesforanenterprisebean.Thehomeinterfacedefineszeroormore methodsformanaginganenterprisebean.Thehomeinterfaceofasessionbeandefines createandremovemethods,whereasthehomeinterfaceofanentitybeandefinescreate, finder,andremovemethods. 115.WhatisHTML? HypertextMarkupLanguage.AmarkuplanguageforhypertextdocumentsontheInternet. HTMLenablestheembeddingofimages,sounds,videostreams,formfields,referencesto otherobjectswithURLs,andbasictextformatting. 116.WhatisHTTP? HypertextTransferProtocol.TheInternetprotocolusedtoretrievehypertextobjectsfrom remotehosts.HTTPmessagesconsistofrequestsfromclienttoserverandresponsesfrom servertoclient. 117.WhatisHTTPS? HTTPlayeredovertheSSLprotocol. 118.WhatisIDL? InterfaceDefinitionLanguage.AlanguageusedtodefineinterfacestoremoteCORBA objects.Theinterfacesareindependentofoperatingsystemsandprogramminglanguages. 119.WhatisIIOP? InternetInterORBProtocol.AprotocolusedforcommunicationbetweenCORBAobject requestbrokers. 120.Whatisimpersonation? Anactwherebyoneentityassumestheidentityandprivilegesofanotherentitywithout restrictionsandwithoutanyindicationvisibletotherecipientsoftheimpersonator'scalls thatdelegationhastakenplace.Impersonationisacaseofsimpledelegation. 121.Whatisinitializationparameter? Aparameterthatinitializesthecontextassociatedwithaservlet. 122.WhatisISO3166? TheinternationalstandardforcountrycodesmaintainedbytheInternationalOrganization forStandardization(ISO). 123.WhatisISV? Independentsoftwarevendor. 124.WhatisJ2EE? Java2Platform,EnterpriseEdition. 125.WhatisJ2EEapplication? AnydeployableunitofJ2EEfunctionality.ThiscanbeasingleJ2EEmoduleoragroupof modulespackagedintoanEARfilealongwithaJ2EEapplicationdeploymentdescriptor.

J2EEapplicationsaretypicallyengineeredtobedistributedacrossmultiplecomputingtiers. 126.WhatisJ2EEcomponent? Aselfcontainedfunctionalsoftwareunitsupportedbyacontainerandconfigurableat deploymenttime.TheJ2EEspecificationdefinesthefollowingJ2EEcomponents: Applicationclientsandappletsarecomponentsthatrunontheclient.Javaservletand JavaServerPages(JSP)technologycomponentsareWebcomponentsthatrunontheserver. EnterpriseJavaBeans(EJB)components(enterprisebeans)arebusinesscomponentsthat runontheserver.J2EEcomponentsarewrittenintheJavaprogramminglanguageandare compiledinthesamewayasanyprograminthelanguage.ThedifferencebetweenJ2EE componentsand"standard"JavaclassesisthatJ2EEcomponentsareassembledintoaJ2EE application,verifiedtobewellformedandincompliancewiththeJ2EEspecification,and deployedtoproduction,wheretheyarerunandmanagedbytheJ2EEserverorclient container. 3. 127.WhatisJ2EEmodule? AsoftwareunitthatconsistsofoneormoreJ2EEcomponentsofthesamecontainertype andonedeploymentdescriptorofthattype.Therearefourtypesofmodules:EJB,Web, applicationclient,andresourceadapter.Modulescanbedeployedasstandaloneunitsor canbeassembledintoaJ2EEapplication. 128.WhatisJ2EEproduct? AnimplementationthatconformstotheJ2EEplatformspecification. 129.WhatisJ2EEproductprovider? AvendorthatsuppliesaJ2EEproduct. 130.WhatisJ2EEserver? TheruntimeportionofaJ2EEproduct.AJ2EEserverprovidesEJBorWebcontainersor both. 131.WhatisJ2ME? AbbreviateofJava2Platform,MicroEdition. 132.WhatisJ2SE? AbbreviateofJava2Platform,StandardEdition. 133.WhatisJAR? Javaarchive.Aplatformindependentfileformatthatpermitsmanyfilestobeaggregated intoonefile. 134.WhatisJava2Platform,EnterpriseEdition(J2EE)? Anenvironmentfordevelopinganddeployingenterpriseapplications.TheJ2EEplatform consistsofasetofservices,applicationprogramminginterfaces(APIs),andprotocolsthat providethefunctionalityfordevelopingmultitiered,Webbasedapplications. 135.WhatisJava2Platform,MicroEdition(J2ME)? AhighlyoptimizedJavaruntimeenvironmenttargetingawiderangeofconsumerproducts, includingpagers,cellularphones,screenphones,digitalsettopboxes,andcarnavigation systems. 136.WhatisJava2Platform,StandardEdition(J2SE)? ThecoreJavatechnologyplatform.

137.WhatisJavaAPIforXMLProcessing(JAXP)? AnAPIforprocessingXMLdocuments.JAXPleveragestheparserstandardsSAXand DOMsothatyoucanchoosetoparseyourdataasastreamofeventsortobuildatree structuredrepresentationofit.JAXPsupportstheXSLTstandard,givingyoucontrolover thepresentationofthedataandenablingyoutoconvertthedatatootherXMLdocumentsor tootherformats,suchasHTML.JAXPprovidesnamespacesupport,allowingyoutowork withschemathatmightotherwisehavenamingconflicts. 138.WhatisJavaAPIforXMLRegistries(JAXR)? AnAPIforaccessingvariouskindsofXMLregistries. 139.WhatisJavaAPIforXMLbasedRPC(JAXRPC)? AnAPIforbuildingWebservicesandclientsthatuseremoteprocedurecallsandXML. 140.WhatisJavaIDL? AtechnologythatprovidesCORBAinteroperabilityandconnectivitycapabilitiesforthe J2EEplatform.ThesecapabilitiesenableJ2EEapplicationstoinvokeoperationsonremote networkservicesusingtheObjectManagementGroupIDLandIIOP. 141.WhatisJavaMessageService(JMS)? AnAPIforinvokingoperationsonenterprisemessagingsystems. 142.WhatisJavaNamingandDirectoryInterface(JNDI)? AnAPIthatprovidesnaminganddirectoryfunctionality. 143.WhatisJavaSecureSocketExtension(JSSE)? AsetofpackagesthatenablesecureInternetcommunications. 144.WhatisJavaTransactionAPI(JTA)? AnAPIthatallowsapplicationsandJ2EEserverstoaccesstransactions. 145.WhatisJavaTransactionService(JTS)? SpecifiestheimplementationofatransactionmanagerthatsupportsJTAandimplements theJavamappingoftheObjectManagementGroupObjectTransactionService1.1 specificationatthelevelbelowtheAPI. 146.WhatisJavaBeanscomponent? AJavaclassthatcanbemanipulatedbytoolsandcomposedintoapplications.AJavaBeans componentmustadheretocertainpropertyandeventinterfaceconventions. .WhatisJavaMail? AnAPIforsendingandreceivingemail. 147.WhatisJavaServerFacesTechnology? AframeworkforbuildingserversideuserinterfacesforWebapplicationswritteninthe Javaprogramminglanguage. 148.WhatisJavaServerFacesconversionmodel? AmechanismforconvertingbetweenstringbasedmarkupgeneratedbyJavaServerFaces UIcomponentsandserversideJavaobjects. 149.WhatisJavaServerFaceseventandlistenermodel? AmechanismfordetermininghoweventsemittedbyJavaServerFacesUIcomponentsare handled.ThismodelisbasedontheJavaBeanscomponenteventandlistenermodel. 150.WhatisJavaServerFacesexpressionlanguage?

AsimpleexpressionlanguageusedbyaJavaServerFacesUIcomponenttagattributesto bindtheassociatedcomponenttoabeanpropertyortobindtheassociatedcomponent's valuetoamethodoranexternaldatasource,suchasabeanproperty.UnlikeJSPEL expressions,JavaServerFacesELexpressionsareevaluatedbytheJavaServerFaces implementationratherthanbytheWebcontainer. 151.WhatisJavaServerFacesnavigationmodel? AmechanismfordefiningthesequenceinwhichpagesinaJavaServerFacesapplication aredisplayed. 152.WhatisJavaServerFacesUIcomponent? Auserinterfacecontrolthatoutputsdatatoaclientorallowsausertoinputdatatoa JavaServerFacesapplication. 153.WhatisJavaServerFacesUIcomponentclass? AJavaServerFacesclassthatdefinesthebehaviorandpropertiesofaJavaServerFacesUI component. 154.WhatisJavaServerFacesvalidationmodel? AmechanismforvalidatingthedataauserinputstoaJavaServerFacesUIcomponent. 155.WhatisJavaServerPages(JSP)? AnextensibleWebtechnologythatusesstaticdata,JSPelements,andserversideJava objectstogeneratedynamiccontentforaclient.TypicallythestaticdataisHTMLorXML elements,andinmanycasestheclientisaWebbrowser. 156.WhatisJavaServerPagesStandardTagLibrary(JSTL)? AtaglibrarythatencapsulatescorefunctionalitycommontomanyJSPapplications.JSTL hassupportforcommon,structuraltaskssuchasiterationandconditionals,tagsfor manipulatingXMLdocuments,internationalizationandlocalespecificformattingtags,SQL tags,andfunctions. 157.WhatisJAXRclient? AclientprogramthatusestheJAXRAPItoaccessabusinessregistryviaaJAXRprovider. 158.WhatisJAXRprovider? AnimplementationoftheJAXRAPIthatprovidesaccesstoaspecificregistryprovideror toaclassofregistryprovidersthatarebasedonacommonspecification. 159.WhatisJDBC? AnAPIfordatabaseindependentconnectivitybetweentheJ2EEplatformandawiderange ofdatasources. 160.WhatisJMS? JavaMessageService. 161.WhatisJMSadministeredobject? ApreconfiguredJMSobject(aresourcemanagerconnectionfactoryoradestination) createdbyanadministratorfortheuseofJMSclientsandplacedinaJNDInamespace. 162.WhatisJMSapplication? OneormoreJMSclientsthatexchangemessages. 163.WhatisJMSclient?

AJavalanguageprogramthatsendsorreceivesmessages. 164.WhatisJMSprovider? AmessagingsystemthatimplementstheJavaMessageServiceaswellasother administrativeandcontrolfunctionalityneededinafullfeaturedmessagingproduct. 165.WhatisJMSsession? AsinglethreadedcontextforsendingandreceivingJMSmessages.AJMSsessioncanbe nontransacted,locallytransacted,orparticipatinginadistributedtransaction. 166.WhatisJNDI? AbbreviateofJavaNamingandDirectoryInterface. 167.WhatisJSP? AbbreviateofJavaServerPages. 168.WhatisJSPaction? AJSPelementthatcanactonimplicitobjectsandotherserversideobjectsorcandefine newscriptingvariables.ActionsfollowtheXMLsyntaxforelements,withastarttag,a body,andanendtag;ifthebodyisemptyitcanalsousetheemptytagsyntax.Thetagmust useaprefix.Therearestandardandcustomactions. 4. 169.WhatisJSPcontainer? Acontainerthatprovidesthesameservicesasaservletcontainerandanenginethat interpretsandprocessesJSPpagesintoaservlet. 170.WhatisJSPcontainer,distributed? AJSPcontainerthatcanrunaWebapplicationthatistaggedasdistributableandisspread acrossmultipleJavavirtualmachinesthatmightberunningondifferenthosts. .WhatisJSPcustomaction? Auserdefinedactiondescribedinaportablemannerbyataglibrarydescriptorand importedintoaJSPpagebyataglibdirective.Customactionsareusedtoencapsulate recurringtasksinwritingJSPpages. 171.WhatisJSPcustomtag? AtagthatreferencesaJSPcustomaction. 172.WhatisJSPdeclaration? AJSPscriptingelementthatdeclaresmethods,variables,orbothinaJSPpage. 173.WhatisJSPdirective? AJSPelementthatgivesaninstructiontotheJSPcontainerandisinterpretedattranslation time. 174.WhatisJSPdocument? AJSPpagewritteninXMLsyntaxandsubjecttotheconstraintsofXMLdocuments. 175.WhatisJSPelement? AportionofaJSPpagethatisrecognizedbyaJSPtranslator.Anelementcanbea directive,anaction,orascriptingelement. 176.WhatisJSPexpression? Ascriptingelementthatcontainsavalidscriptinglanguageexpressionthatisevaluated, convertedtoaString,andplacedintotheimplicitoutobject. 177.WhatisJSPexpressionlanguage?

AlanguageusedtowriteexpressionsthataccessthepropertiesofJavaBeanscomponents. ELexpressionscanbeusedinstatictextandinanystandardorcustomtagattributethatcan acceptanexpression. 178.WhatisJSPpage? AtextbaseddocumentcontainingstatictextandJSPelementsthatdescribeshowtoprocess arequesttocreatearesponse.AJSPpageistranslatedintoandhandlesrequestsasa servlet. 179.WhatisJSPscriptingelement? AJSPdeclaration,scriptlet,orexpressionwhosesyntaxisdefinedbytheJSPspecification andwhosecontentiswrittenaccordingtothescriptinglanguageusedintheJSPpage.The JSPspecificationdescribesthesyntaxandsemanticsforthecasewherethelanguagepage attributeis"java". 180.WhatisJSPscriptlet? AJSPscriptingelementcontaininganycodefragmentthatisvalidinthescriptinglanguage usedintheJSPpage.TheJSPspecificationdescribeswhatisavalidscriptletforthecase wherethelanguagepageattributeis"java". 181.WhatisJSPstandardaction? AnactionthatisdefinedintheJSPspecificationandisalwaysavailabletoaJSPpage. 182.WhatisJSPtagfile? AsourcefilecontainingareusablefragmentofJSPcodethatistranslatedintoataghandler whenaJSPpageistranslatedintoaservlet. 183.WhatisJSPtaghandler? AJavaprogramminglanguageobjectthatimplementsthebehaviorofacustomtag. 184.WhatisJSPtaglibrary? AcollectionofcustomtagsdescribedviaataglibrarydescriptorandJavaclasses. 185.WhatisJSTL? AbbreviateofJavaServerPagesStandardTagLibrary. 186.WhatisJTA? AbbreviateofJavaTransactionAPI. 187.WhatisJTS? AbbreviateofJavaTransactionService. 189.Whatiskeystore? Afilecontainingthekeysandcertificatesusedforauthentication. 190.Whatislifecycle(J2EEcomponent)? TheframeworkeventsofaJ2EEcomponent'sexistence.Eachtypeofcomponenthas definingeventsthatmarkitstransitionintostatesinwhichithasvaryingavailabilityforuse. Forexample,aservletiscreatedandhasitsinitmethodcalledbyitscontainerbefore invocationofitsservicemethodbyclientsorotherservletsthatrequireitsfunctionality. Afterthecallofitsinitmethod,ithasthedataandreadinessforitsintendeduse.The servlet'sdestroymethodiscalledbyitscontainerbeforetheendingofitsexistencesothat processingassociatedwithwindingupcanbedoneandresourcescanbereleased.Theinit anddestroymethodsinthisexamplearecallbackmethods.Similarconsiderationsapplyto

thelifecycleofallJ2EEcomponenttypes:enterprisebeans,Webcomponents(servletsor JSPpages),applets,andapplicationclients. 191.Whatislifecycle(JavaServerFaces)? Asetofphasesduringwhicharequestforapageisreceived,aUIcomponenttree representingthepageisprocessed,andaresponseisproduced.Duringthephasesofthelife cycle:Thelocaldataofthecomponentsisupdatedwiththevaluescontainedintherequest parameters.Eventsgeneratedbythecomponentsareprocessed.Validatorsandconverters registeredonthecomponentsareprocessed.Thecomponents'localdataisupdatedtoback endobjects.Theresponseisrenderedtotheclientwhilethecomponentstateoftheresponse issavedontheserverforfuturerequests. 192.Whatislocalsubset? ThatpartoftheDTDthatisdefinedwithinthecurrentXMLfile. 193.Whatismanagedbeancreationfacility? AmechanismfordefiningthecharacteristicsofJavaBeanscomponentsusedinaJavaServer Facesapplication. 194.Whatismessage? IntheJavaMessageService,anasynchronousrequest,report,oreventthatiscreated,sent, andconsumedbyanenterpriseapplicationandnotbyahuman.Itcontainsvitalinformation neededtocoordinateenterpriseapplications,intheformofpreciselyformatteddatathat describesspecificbusinessactions. 195.Whatismessageconsumer? AnobjectcreatedbyaJMSsessionthatisusedforreceivingmessagessenttoadestination. 196.Whatismessagedrivenbean? Anenterprisebeanthatisanasynchronousmessageconsumer.Amessagedrivenbeanhas nostateforaspecificclient,butitsinstancevariablescancontainstateacrossthehandling ofclientmessages,includinganopendatabaseconnectionandanobjectreferencetoanEJB object.Aclientaccessesamessagedrivenbeanbysendingmessagestothedestinationfor whichthebeanisamessagelistener. 197.Whatismessageproducer? AnobjectcreatedbyaJMSsessionthatisusedforsendingmessagestoadestination. 198.Whatismixedcontentmodel? ADTDspecificationthatdefinesanelementascontainingamixtureoftextandonemore otherelements.Thespecificationmuststartwith#PCDATA,followedbydiverseelements, andmustendwiththe"zeroormore"asterisksymbol(*). 199.Whatismethodbindingexpression? AJavaServerFacesELexpressionthatreferstoamethodofabackingbean.Thismethod performseithereventhandling,validation,ornavigationprocessingfortheUIcomponent whosetagusesthemethodbindingexpression. 200.Whatismethodpermission? Anauthorizationrulethatdetermineswhoispermittedtoexecuteoneormoreenterprise beanmethods. 201.Whatismutualauthentication? Anauthenticationmechanismemployedbytwopartiesforthepurposeofprovingeach

other'sidentitytooneanother. 202.Whatisnamespace? Astandardthatletsyouspecifyauniquelabelforthesetofelementnamesdefinedbya DTD.AdocumentusingthatDTDcanbeincludedinanyotherdocumentwithouthavinga conflictbetweenelementnames.TheelementsdefinedinyourDTDarethenuniquely identifiedsothat,forexample,theparsercantellwhenanelement 211.WhatisORB? Objectrequestbroker.AlibrarythatenablesCORBAobjectstolocateandcommunicate withoneanother. 212.WhatisOSprincipal? AprincipalnativetotheoperatingsystemonwhichtheJ2EEplatformisexecuting. 213.WhatisOTS? ObjectTransactionService.AdefinitionoftheinterfacesthatpermitCORBAobjectsto participateintransactions. 214.Whatisparameterentity? AnentitythatconsistsofDTDspecifications,asdistinctfromageneralentity.Aparameter entitydefinedintheDTDcanthenbereferencedatotherpoints,therebyeliminatingthe needtorecodethedefinitionateachlocationitisused. 215.Whatisparsedentity? AgeneralentitythatcontainsXMLandthereforeisparsedwheninsertedintotheXML document,asopposedtoanunparsedentity. 216.Whatisparser? AmodulethatreadsinXMLdatafromaninputsourceandbreaksitintochunkssothat yourprogramknowswhenitisworkingwithatag,anattribute,orelementdata.A nonvalidatingparserensuresthattheXMLdataiswellformedbutdoesnotverifythatitis valid.Seealsovalidatingparser. 217.Whatispassivation? Theprocessoftransferringanenterprisebeanfrommemorytosecondarystorage.See activation. 218.Whatispersistence? Theprotocolfortransferringthestateofanentitybeanbetweenitsinstancevariablesandan underlyingdatabase. 219.Whatispersistentfield? Avirtualfieldofanentitybeanthathascontainermanagedpersistence;itisstoredina database. 220.WhatisPOA? PortableObjectAdapter.ACORBAstandardforbuildingserversideapplicationsthatare portableacrossheterogeneousORBs. 221.Whatispointtopointmessagingsystem? Amessagingsystembuiltontheconceptofmessagequeues.Eachmessageisaddressedtoa specificqueue;clientsextractmessagesfromthequeuesestablishedtoholdtheirmessages. 222.Whatisprimarykey?

Anobjectthatuniquelyidentifiesanentitybeanwithinahome. 223.Whatisprincipal? Theidentityassignedtoauserasaresultofauthentication. 224.Whatisprivilege? Asecurityattributethatdoesnothavethepropertyofuniquenessandthatcanbesharedby manyprincipals. 225.Whatisprocessinginstruction? InformationcontainedinanXMLstructurethatisintendedtobeinterpretedbyaspecific application. 226.Whatisprogrammaticsecurity? Securitydecisionsthataremadebysecurityawareapplications.Programmaticsecurityis usefulwhendeclarativesecurityaloneisnotsufficienttoexpressthesecuritymodelofan application. 227.Whatisprolog? ThepartofanXMLdocumentthatprecedestheXMLdata.Theprologincludesthe declarationandanoptionalDTD. 228.Whatispublickeycertificate? Usedinclientcertificateauthenticationtoenabletheserver,andoptionallytheclient,to authenticateeachother.Thepublickeycertificateisthedigitalequivalentofapassport.Itis issuedbyatrustedorganization,calledacertificateauthority,andprovidesidentificationfor thebearer. 229.Whatispublish/subscribemessagingsystem? Amessagingsysteminwhichclientsaddressmessagestoaspecificnodeinacontent hierarchy,calledatopic.Publishersandsubscribersaregenerallyanonymousandcan dynamicallypublishorsubscribetothecontenthierarchy.Thesystemtakescareof distributingthemessagesarrivingfromanode'smultiplepublisherstoitsmultiple subscribers. 230.Whatisquerystring? AcomponentofanHTTPrequestURLthatcontainsasetofparametersandvaluesthat affectthehandlingoftherequest. 231.Whatisqueue? Seepointtopointmessagingsystem. 232.WhatisRAR? ResourceAdapterArchive.AJARarchivethatcontainsaresourceadaptermodule. 233.WhatisRDF? ResourceDescriptionFramework.AstandardfordefiningthekindofdatathatanXMLfile contains.Suchinformationcanhelpensuresemanticintegrityforexamplebyhelpingto makesurethatadateistreatedasadateratherthansimplyastext. 234.WhatisRDFschema? Astandardforspecifyingconsistencyrulesthatapplytothespecificationscontainedinan RDF. 235.Whatisrealm?

Seesecuritypolicydomain.Also,astring,passedaspartofanHTTPrequestduringbasic authentication,thatdefinesaprotectionspace.Theprotectedresourcesonaservercanbe partitionedintoasetofprotectionspaces,eachwithitsownauthenticationschemeor authorizationdatabaseorboth.IntheJ2EEserverauthenticationservice,arealmisa completedatabaseofroles,users,andgroupsthatidentifyvalidusersofaWebapplication orasetofWebapplications. 236.Whatisreentrantentitybean? Anentitybeanthatcanhandlemultiplesimultaneous,interleaved,ornestedinvocationsthat willnotinterferewitheachother. 237.Whatisreference? Seeentityreference. 238.Whatisregistry? Aninfrastructurethatenablesthebuilding,deployment,anddiscoveryofWebservices.Itis aneutralthirdpartythatfacilitatesdynamicandlooselycoupledbusinesstobusiness(B2B) interactions. 239.Whatisregistryprovider? AnimplementationofabusinessregistrythatconformstoaspecificationforXML registries(forexample,ebXMLorUDDI). 240.Whatisrelationshipfield? Avirtualfieldofanentitybeanhavingcontainermanagedpersistence;itidentifiesarelated entitybean. 241.Whatisremoteinterface? Oneoftwointerfacesforanenterprisebean.Theremoteinterfacedefinesthebusiness methodscallablebyaclient. 242.Whatisremovemethod? Methoddefinedinthehomeinterfaceandinvokedbyaclienttodestroyanenterprisebean. 243.Whatisrenderkit? Asetofrenderersthatrenderoutputtoaparticularclient.TheJavaServerFaces implementationprovidesastandardHTMLrenderkit,whichiscomposedofrenderersthat canrenderHMTLmarkup. 244.Whatisrenderer? AJavaclassthatcanrendertheoutputforasetofJavaServerFacesUIcomponents. 245.Whatisrequestresponsemessaging? Amethodofmessagingthatincludesblockinguntilaresponseisreceived. 246.Whatisresourceadapter? AsystemlevelsoftwaredriverthatisusedbyanEJBcontaineroranapplicationclientto connecttoanenterpriseinformationsystem.Aresourceadaptertypicallyisspecifictoan enterpriseinformationsystem.Itisavailableasalibraryandisusedwithintheaddress spaceoftheserverorclientusingit.Aresourceadapterplugsintoacontainer.The applicationcomponentsdeployedonthecontainerthenusetheclientAPI(exposedbythe adapter)ortoolgeneratedhighlevelabstractionstoaccesstheunderlyingenterprise informationsystem.TheresourceadapterandEJBcontainercollaboratetoprovidethe underlyingmechanismstransactions,security,andconnectionpoolingforconnectivityto

theenterpriseinformationsystem. 247.Whatisresourceadaptermodule? AdeployableunitthatcontainsallJavainterfaces,classes,andnativelibraries, implementingaresourceadapteralongwiththeresourceadapterdeploymentdescriptor. 248.Whatisresourcemanager? Providesaccesstoasetofsharedresources.Aresourcemanagerparticipatesintransactions thatareexternallycontrolledandcoordinatedbyatransactionmanager.Aresourcemanager typicallyisinadifferentaddressspaceoronadifferentmachinefromtheclientsthataccess it.Note:Anenterpriseinformationsystemisreferredtoasaresourcemanagerwhenitis mentionedinthecontextofresourceandtransactionmanagement. 249.Whatisresourcemanagerconnection? Anobjectthatrepresentsasessionwitharesourcemanager. 250.Whatisresourcemanagerconnectionfactory? Anobjectusedforcreatingaresourcemanagerconnection. 251.WhatisRMI? RemoteMethodInvocation.AtechnologythatallowsanobjectrunninginoneJavavirtual machinetoinvokemethodsonanobjectrunninginadifferentJavavirtualmachine. 252.WhatisRMIIIOP? AversionofRMIimplementedtousetheCORBAIIOPprotocol.RMIoverIIOPprovides interoperabilitywithCORBAobjectsimplementedinanylanguageifalltheremote interfacesareoriginallydefinedasRMIinterfaces. 5. 253.Whatisrole(development)? Thefunctionperformedbyapartyinthedevelopmentanddeploymentphasesofan applicationdevelopedusingJ2EEtechnology.Therolesareapplicationcomponent provider,applicationassembler,deployer,J2EEproductprovider,EJBcontainerprovider, EJBserverprovider,Webcontainerprovider,Webserverprovider,toolprovider,and systemadministrator. 254.Whatisrolemapping? Theprocessofassociatingthegroupsorprincipals(orboth),recognizedbythecontainer withsecurityrolesspecifiedinthedeploymentdescriptor.Securityrolesmustbemappedby thedeployerbeforeacomponentisinstalledintheserver. 255.Whatisrole(security)? Anabstractlogicalgroupingofusersthatisdefinedbytheapplicationassembler.Whenan applicationisdeployed,therolesaremappedtosecurityidentities,suchasprincipalsor groups,intheoperationalenvironment.IntheJ2EEserverauthenticationservice,aroleis anabstractnameforpermissiontoaccessaparticularsetofresources.Arolecanbe comparedtoakeythatcanopenalock.Manypeoplemighthaveacopyofthekey;thelock doesn'tcarewhoyouare,onlythatyouhavetherightkey. 256.Whatisrollback? Thepointinatransactionwhenallupdatestoanyresourcesinvolvedinthetransactionare reversed. 257.Whatisroot? TheoutermostelementinanXMLdocument.Theelementthatcontainsallotherelements.

258.WhatisSAX? AbbreviationofSimpleAPIforXML. 259.WhatisSimpleAPIforXML? Aneventdriveninterfaceinwhichtheparserinvokesoneofseveralmethodssuppliedby thecallerwhenaparsingeventoccurs.EventsincluderecognizinganXMLtag,findingan error,encounteringareferencetoanexternalentity,orprocessingaDTDspecification. 260.Whatisschema? AdatabaseinspiredmethodforspecifyingconstraintsonXMLdocumentsusinganXML basedlanguage.SchemasaddressdeficienciesinDTDs,suchastheinabilitytoput constraintsonthekindsofdatathatcanoccurinaparticularfield.Becauseschemasare foundedonXML,theyarehierarchical.Thusitiseasiertocreateanunambiguous specification,anditispossibletodeterminethescopeoverwhichacommentismeantto apply. 261.WhatisSecureSocketLayer(SSL)? AtechnologythatallowsWebbrowsersandWebserverstocommunicateoverasecured connection. 262.Whatissecurityattributes? Asetofpropertiesassociatedwithaprincipal.Securityattributescanbeassociatedwitha principalbyanauthenticationprotocolorbyaJ2EEproductproviderorboth. 263.Whatissecurityconstraint? AdeclarativewaytoannotatetheintendedprotectionofWebcontent.Asecurityconstraint consistsofaWebresourcecollection,anauthorizationconstraint,andauserdataconstraint. 264.Whatissecuritycontext? Anobjectthatencapsulatesthesharedstateinformationregardingsecuritybetweentwo entities. 265.Whatissecuritypermission? AmechanismdefinedbyJ2SE,andusedbytheJ2EEplatformtoexpresstheprogramming restrictionsimposedonapplicationcomponentdevelopers. 266.Whatissecuritypermissionset? TheminimumsetofsecuritypermissionsthataJ2EEproductprovidermustprovideforthe executionofeachcomponenttype. 267.Whatissecuritypolicydomain? Ascopeoverwhichsecuritypoliciesaredefinedandenforcedbyasecurityadministrator.A securitypolicydomainhasacollectionofusers(orprincipals),usesawelldefined authenticationprotocolorprotocolsforauthenticatingusers(orprincipals),andmayhave groupstosimplifysettingofsecuritypolicies. 268.Whatissecurityrole? Seerole(security). 269.Whatissecuritytechnologydomain? Ascopeoverwhichthesamesecuritymechanismisusedtoenforceasecuritypolicy. Multiplesecuritypolicydomainscanexistwithinasingletechnologydomain.

270.Whatissecurityview? Thesetofsecurityrolesdefinedbytheapplicationassembler. 271.Whatisservercertificate? UsedwiththeHTTPSprotocoltoauthenticateWebapplications.Thecertificatecanbeself signedorapprovedbyacertificateauthority(CA).TheHTTPSserviceoftheSunJava SystemApplicationServerPlatformEdition8willnotrununlessaservercertificatehas beeninstalled. 272.Whatisserverprincipal? TheOSprincipalthattheserverisexecutingas. 273.Whatisserviceelement? ArepresentationofthecombinationofoneormoreConnectorcomponentsthatsharea singleenginecomponentforprocessingincomingrequests. 274.Whatisserviceendpointinterface? AJavainterfacethatdeclaresthemethodsthataclientcaninvokeonaWebservice. 275.Whatisservlet? AJavaprogramthatextendsthefunctionalityofaWebserver,generatingdynamiccontent andinteractingwithWebapplicationsusingarequestresponseparadigm. 276.Whatisservletcontainer? Acontainerthatprovidesthenetworkservicesoverwhichrequestsandresponsesaresent, decodesrequests,andformatsresponses.AllservletcontainersmustsupportHTTPasa protocolforrequestsandresponsesbutcanalsosupportadditionalrequestresponse protocols,suchasHTTPS. 277.Whatisservletcontainer,distributed? AservletcontainerthatcanrunaWebapplicationthatistaggedasdistributableandthat executesacrossmultipleJavavirtualmachinesrunningonthesamehostorondifferent hosts. 278.Whatisservletcontext? Anobjectthatcontainsaservlet'sviewoftheWebapplicationwithinwhichtheservletis running.Usingthecontext,aservletcanlogevents,obtainURLreferencestoresources, andsetandstoreattributesthatotherservletsinthecontextcanuse. 279.Whatisservletmapping? DefinesanassociationbetweenaURLpatternandaservlet.Themappingisusedtomap requeststoservlets. 280.Whatissession? Anobjectusedbyaservlettotrackauser'sinteractionwithaWebapplicationacross multipleHTTPrequests. 281.Whatissessionbean? Anenterprisebeanthatiscreatedbyaclientandthatusuallyexistsonlyforthedurationof asingleclientserversession.Asessionbeanperformsoperations,suchascalculationsor databaseaccess,fortheclient.Althoughasessionbeancanbetransactional,itisnot recoverableshouldasystemcrashoccur.Sessionbeanobjectseithercanbestatelessorcan maintainconversationalstateacrossmethodsandtransactions.Ifasessionbeanmaintains

state,thentheEJBcontainermanagesthisstateiftheobjectmustberemovedfrom memory.However,thesessionbeanobjectitselfmustmanageitsownpersistentdata. 282.WhatisSGML? StandardGeneralizedMarkupLanguage.TheparentofbothHTMLandXML.Although HTMLsharesSGML'spropensityforembeddingpresentationinformationinthemarkup, XMLisastandardthatallowsinformationcontenttobetotallyseparatedfromthe mechanismsforrenderingthatcontent. 283.WhatisSOAP? SimpleObjectAccessProtocol.Alightweightprotocolintendedforexchangingstructured informationinadecentralized,distributedenvironment.Itdefines,usingXMLtechnologies, anextensiblemessagingframeworkcontainingamessageconstructthatcanbeexchanged overavarietyofunderlyingprotocols. 284.WhatisSOAPwithAttachmentsAPIforJava(SAAJ)? ThebasicpackageforSOAPmessaging,SAAJcontainstheAPIforcreatingandpopulating aSOAPmessage. 285.WhatisSQL? StructuredQueryLanguage.Thestandardizedrelationaldatabaselanguagefordefining databaseobjectsandmanipulatingdata. 286.WhatisSQL/J? AsetofstandardsthatincludesspecificationsforembeddingSQLstatementsinmethodsin theJavaprogramminglanguageandspecificationsforcallingJavastaticmethodsasSQL storedproceduresanduserdefinedfunctions.AnSQLcheckercandetecterrorsinstatic SQLstatementsatprogramdevelopmenttime,ratherthanatexecutiontimeaswithaJDBC driver. 287.WhatisSSL? SecureSocketLayer.AsecurityprotocolthatprovidesprivacyovertheInternet.The protocolallowsclientserverapplicationstocommunicateinawaythatcannotbe eavesdroppeduponortamperedwith.Serversarealwaysauthenticated,andclientsare optionallyauthenticated. 288.Whatisstatefulsessionbean? Asessionbeanwithaconversationalstate. 289.Whatisstatelesssessionbean? Asessionbeanwithnoconversationalstate.Allinstancesofastatelesssessionbeanare identical. 290.Whatissystemadministrator? Thepersonresponsibleforconfiguringandadministeringtheenterprise'scomputers, networks,andsoftwaresystems. 291.Whatistag? InXMLdocuments,apieceoftextthatdescribesaunitofdataoranelement.Thetagis distinguishableasmarkup,asopposedtodata,becauseitissurroundedbyanglebrackets(< and>).Totreatsuchmarkupsyntaxasdata,youuseanentityreferenceoraCDATA section. 292.Whatistemplate?

AsetofformattinginstructionsthatapplytothenodesselectedbyanXPathexpression. 293.Whatistoolprovider? Anorganizationorsoftwarevendorthatprovidestoolsusedforthedevelopment, packaging,anddeploymentofJ2EEapplications. 294.Whatistopic? Seepublishsubscribemessagingsystem. 6. 295.Whatistransaction? Anatomicunitofworkthatmodifiesdata.Atransactionenclosesoneormoreprogram statements,allofwhicheithercompleteorrollback.Transactionsenablemultipleusersto accessthesamedataconcurrently. 296.Whatistransactionattribute? Avaluespecifiedinanenterprisebean'sdeploymentdescriptorthatisusedbytheEJB containertocontrolthetransactionscopewhentheenterprisebean'smethodsareinvoked.A transactionattributecanhavethefollowingvalues:Required,RequiresNew,Supports, NotSupported,Mandatory,orNever. 297.Whatistransactionisolationlevel? Thedegreetowhichtheintermediatestateofthedatabeingmodifiedbyatransactionis visibletootherconcurrenttransactionsanddatabeingmodifiedbyothertransactionsis visibletoit. 298.Whatistransactionmanager? Providestheservicesandmanagementfunctionsrequiredtosupporttransaction demarcation,transactionalresourcemanagement,synchronization,andtransactioncontext propagation. 299.WhatisUnicode? AstandarddefinedbytheUnicodeConsortiumthatusesa16bitcodepagethatmapsdigits tocharactersinlanguagesaroundtheworld.Because16bitscovers32,768codes,Unicode islargeenoughtoincludealltheworld'slanguages,withtheexceptionofideographic languagesthathaveadifferentcharacterforeveryconcept,suchasChinese. .WhatisUniversalDescription,DiscoveryandIntegration(UDDI)project? Anindustryinitiativetocreateaplatformindependent,openframeworkfordescribing services,discoveringbusinesses,andintegratingbusinessservicesusingtheInternet,aswell asaregistry.Itisbeingdevelopedbyavendorconsortium. 300.WhatisUniversalStandardProductsandServicesClassification(UNSPSC)? Aschemathatclassifiesandidentifiescommodities.Itisusedinsellsideandbuyside catalogsandasastandardizedaccountcodeinanalyzingexpenditure. 301.Whatisunparsedentity? AgeneralentitythatcontainssomethingotherthanXML.Byitsnature,anunparsedentity containsbinarydata. 302.WhatisURI? Uniformresourceidentifier.Agloballyuniqueidentifierforanabstractorphysical resource.AURLisakindofURIthatspecifiestheretrievalprotocol(httporhttpsforWeb applications)andphysicallocationofaresource(hostnameandhostrelativepath).AURN isanothertypeofURI.

303.WhatisURL? Uniformresourcelocator.Astandardforwritingatextualreferencetoanarbitrarypieceof dataintheWorldWideWeb.AURLlookslikethis:protocol://host/localinfowhere protocolspecifiesaprotocolforfetchingtheobject(suchashttporftp),hostspecifiesthe Internetnameofthetargetedhost,andlocalinfoisastring(oftenafilename)passedtothe protocolhandlerontheremotehost. 304.WhatisURLpath? ThepartofaURLpassedbyanHTTPrequesttoinvokeaservlet.AURLpathconsistsof thecontextpath+servletpath+pathinfo,whereContextpathisthepathprefixassociated withaservletcontextofwhichtheservletisapart.Ifthiscontextisthedefaultcontext rootedatthebaseoftheWebserver'sURLnamespace,thepathprefixwillbeanempty string.Otherwise,thepathprefixstartswitha/characterbutdoesnotendwitha/character. Servletpathisthepathsectionthatdirectlycorrespondstothemappingthatactivatedthis request.Thispathstartswitha/character.Pathinfoisthepartoftherequestpaththatisnot partofthecontextpathortheservletpath. 305.WhatisURN? Uniformresourcename.Auniqueidentifierthatidentifiesanentitybutdoesn'ttellwhereit islocated.AsystemcanuseaURNtolookupanentitylocallybeforetryingtofinditon theWeb.ItalsoallowstheWeblocationtochange,whilestillallowingtheentitytobe found. 306.Whatisuserdataconstraint? IndicateshowdatabetweenaclientandaWebcontainershouldbeprotected.The protectioncanbethepreventionoftamperingwiththedataorpreventionofeavesdropping onthedata. 307.Whatisuser(security)? Anindividual(orapplicationprogram)identitythathasbeenauthenticated.Ausercanhave asetofrolesassociatedwiththatidentity,whichentitlestheusertoaccessallresources protectedbythoseroles. 308.Whatisvalid? AvalidXMLdocument,inadditiontobeingwellformed,conformstoalltheconstraints imposedbyaDTD.ItdoesnotcontainanytagsthatarenotpermittedbytheDTD,andthe orderofthetagsconformstotheDTD'sspecifications. 309.Whatisvalidatingparser? AparserthatensuresthatanXMLdocumentisvalidinadditiontobeingwellformed.See alsoparser. 310.Whatisvaluebindingexpression? AJavaServerFacesELexpressionthatreferstoapropertyofabackingbean.Acomponent tagusesthisexpressiontobindtheassociatedcomponent'svalueorthecomponentinstance tothebeanproperty.Ifthecomponenttagreferstothepropertyviaitsvalueattribute,then thecomponent'svalueisboundtotheproperty.Ifthecomponenttagreferstotheproperty viaitsbindingattributethenthecomponentitselfisboundtotheproperty. 311.Whatisvirtualhost? MultiplehostsplusdomainnamesmappedtoasingleIPaddress.

312.WhatisW3C? WorldWideWebConsortium.TheinternationalbodythatgovernsInternetstandards. 313.WhatisWARfile? Webapplicationarchivefile.AJARarchivethatcontainsaWebmodule. 314.Whatiswarning? ASAXparserwarningisgeneratedwhenthedocument'sDTDcontainsduplicate definitionsandinsimilarsituationsthatarenotnecessarilyanerrorbutwhichthedocument authormightliketoknowabout,becausetheycouldbe.Seealsofatalerror,error. 315.WhatisWebapplication? AnapplicationwrittenfortheInternet,includingthosebuiltwithJavatechnologiessuchas JavaServerPagesandservlets,aswellasthosebuiltwithnonJavatechnologiessuchasCGI andPerl. 316.WhatisWebapplication,distributable? AWebapplicationthatusesJ2EEtechnologywrittensothatitcanbedeployedinaWeb containerdistributedacrossmultipleJavavirtualmachinesrunningonthesamehostor differenthosts.Thedeploymentdescriptorforsuchanapplicationusesthedistributable element. 317.WhatisWebcomponent? Acomponentthatprovidesservicesinresponsetorequests;eitheraservletoraJSPpage. 318.WhatisWebcontainer? AcontainerthatimplementstheWebcomponentcontractoftheJ2EEarchitecture.This contractspecifiesaruntimeenvironmentforWebcomponentsthatincludessecurity, concurrency,lifecyclemanagement,transaction,deployment,andotherservices.AWeb containerprovidesthesameservicesasaJSPcontaineraswellasafederatedviewofthe J2EEplatformAPIs.AWebcontainerisprovidedbyaWeborJ2EEserver. 319.WhatisWebcontainer,distributed? AWebcontainerthatcanrunaWebapplicationthatistaggedasdistributableandthat executesacrossmultipleJavavirtualmachinesrunningonthesamehostorondifferent hosts. 320.WhatisWebcontainerprovider? AvendorthatsuppliesaWebcontainer. 321.WhatisWebmodule? AdeployableunitthatconsistsofoneormoreWebcomponents,otherresources,andaWeb applicationdeploymentdescriptorcontainedinahierarchyofdirectoriesandfilesina standardWebapplicationformat. 322.WhatisWebresource? AstaticordynamicobjectcontainedinaWebapplicationthatcanbereferencedbyaURL. 323.WhatisWebresourcecollection? AlistofURLpatternsandHTTPmethodsthatdescribeasetofWebresourcestobe protected. 324.WhatisWebserver? SoftwarethatprovidesservicestoaccesstheInternet,anintranet,oranextranet.AWeb

serverhostsWebsites,providessupportforHTTPandotherprotocols,andexecutesserver sideprograms(suchasCGIscriptsorservlets)thatperformcertainfunctions.IntheJ2EE architecture,aWebserverprovidesservicestoaWebcontainer.Forexample,aWeb containertypicallyreliesonaWebservertoprovideHTTPmessagehandling.TheJ2EE architectureassumesthataWebcontainerishostedbyaWebserverfromthesamevendor, soitdoesnotspecifythecontractbetweenthesetwoentities.AWebservercanhostoneor moreWebcontainers. 325.WhatisWebserverprovider? AvendorthatsuppliesaWebserver. 326.WhatisWebservice? Anapplicationthatexistsinadistributedenvironment,suchastheInternet.AWebservice acceptsarequest,performsitsfunctionbasedontherequest,andreturnsaresponse.The requestandtheresponsecanbepartofthesameoperation,ortheycanoccurseparately,in whichcasetheconsumerdoesnotneedtowaitforaresponse.Boththerequestandthe responseusuallytaketheformofXML,aportabledatainterchangeformat,andare deliveredoverawireprotocol,suchasHTTP. 327.Whatiswellformed? AnXMLdocumentthatissyntacticallycorrect.Itdoesnothaveanyanglebracketsthatare notpartoftags,alltagshaveanendingtagorarethemselvesselfending,andalltagsare fullynested.Knowingthatadocumentiswellformedmakesitpossibletoprocessit. However,awellformeddocumentmaynotbevalid.Todeterminethat,youneeda validatingparserandaDTD. 328.WhatisXalan? AninterpretingversionofXSLT. 329.WhatisXHTML? AnXMLlookalikeforHTMLdefinedbyoneofseveralXHTMLDTDs.TouseXHTML foreverythingwouldofcoursedefeatthepurposeofXML,becausetheideaofXMListo identifyinformationcontent,andnotjusttotellhowtodisplayit.Youcanreferenceitina DTD,whichallowsyoutosay,forexample,thatthetextinanelementcancontain <em>and<b>tagsratherthanbeinglimitedtoplaintext. 330.WhatisXLink? ThepartoftheXLLspecificationthatisconcernedwithspecifyinglinksbetween documents. 331.WhatisXLL? TheXMLLinkLanguagespecification,consistingofXLinkandXPointer. 332.WhatisXML? ExtensibleMarkupLanguage.Amarkuplanguagethatallowsyoutodefinethetags (markup)neededtoidentifythecontent,data,andtextinXMLdocuments.Itdiffersfrom HTML,themarkuplanguagemostoftenusedtopresentinformationontheInternet.HTML hasfixedtagsthatdealmainlywithstyleorpresentation.AnXMLdocumentmustundergo atransformationintoalanguagewithstyletagsunderthecontrolofastylesheetbeforeit canbepresentedbyabrowserorotherpresentationmechanism.Twotypesofstylesheets usedwithXMLareCSSandXSL.Typically,XMListransformedintoHTMLfor

presentation.AlthoughtagscanbedefinedasneededinthegenerationofanXML document,adocumenttypedefinition(DTD)canbeusedtodefinetheelementsallowedin aparticulartypeofdocument.AdocumentcanbecomparedbyusingtherulesintheDTD todetermineitsvalidityandtolocateparticularelementsinthedocument.AWebservices application'sJ2EEdeploymentdescriptorsareexpressedinXMLwithschemasdefining allowedelements.ProgramsforprocessingXMLdocumentsuseSAXorDOMAPIs. 333.WhatisXMLregistry? Seeregistry. 334.WhatisXMLSchema? TheW3Cspecificationfordefiningthestructure,content,andsemanticsofXML documents. 335.WhatisXPath? AnaddressingmechanismforidentifyingthepartsofanXMLdocument. 336.WhatisXPointer? ThepartoftheXLLspecificationthatisconcernedwithidentifyingsectionsofdocuments sothattheycanbereferencedinlinksorincludedinotherdocuments. 337.WhatisXSL? ExtensibleStylesheetLanguage.Astandardthatletsyoudothefollowing:Specifyan addressingmechanism,sothatyoucanidentifythepartsofanXMLdocumentthata transformationappliesto(XPath).Specifytagconversions,sothatyoucanconvertXML dataintodifferentformats(XSLT).Specifydisplaycharacteristics,suchpagesizes, margins,andfontheightsandwidths,aswellastheflowobjectsoneachpage.Information fillsinoneareaofapageandthenautomaticallyflowstothenextobjectwhenthatareafills up.Thatallowsyoutowraptextaroundpictures,forexample,ortocontinueanewsletter articleonadifferentpage(XSLFO). 338.WhatisXSLFO? AsubcomponentofXSLusedfordescribingfontsizes,pagelayouts,andhowinformation flowsfromonepagetoanother. 339.WhatisXSLT? XSLTransformations.AnXMLdocumentthatcontrolsthetransformationofanXML documentintoanotherXMLdocumentorHTML.Thetargetdocumentoftenhas presentationrelatedtagsdictatinghowitwillberenderedbyabrowserorotherpresentation mechanism.XSLTwasformerlyapartofXSL,whichalsoincludedataglanguageofstyle flowobjects. 340.WhatisXSLTC? AcompilingversionofXSLT.

J2seQuestionandanswer Whatisabstract? AJavakeywordusedinaclassdefinitiontospecifythataclassisnottobeinstantiated,but ratherinheritedbyotherclasses.Anabstractclasscanhaveabstractmethodsthatarenot implementedintheabstractclass,butinsubclasses. 2.Whatisabstractclass? Aclassthatcontainsoneormoreabstractmethods,andthereforecanneverbeinstantiated. Abstractclassesaredefinedsothatotherclassescanextendthemandmakethemconcrete byimplementingtheabstractmethods. 3.Whatisabstractmethod? Amethodthathasnoimplementation. 4.WhatisAbstractWindowToolkit(AWT)? Acollectionofgraphicaluserinterface(GUI)componentsthatwereimplementedusing nativeplatformversionsofthecomponents.Thesecomponentsprovidethatsubsetof functionalitywhichiscommontoallnativeplatforms.LargelysupplantedbytheProject Swingcomponentset.SeealsoSwing. 5.Whatisaccesscontrol? Themethodsbywhichinteractionswithresourcesarelimitedtocollectionsofusersor programsforthepurposeofenforcingintegrity,confidentiality,oravailabilityconstraints. 6.WhatisACID? Theacronymforthefourpropertiesguaranteedbytransactions:atomicity,consistency, isolation,anddurability. 7.Whatisactualparameterlist? Theargumentsspecifiedinaparticularmethodcall.Seealsoformalparameterlist. 8.WhatisAPI? ApplicationProgrammingInterface.Thespecificationofhowaprogrammerwritingan applicationaccessesthebehaviorandstateofclassesandobjects. 9.Whatisapplet? AcomponentthattypicallyexecutesinaWebbrowser,butcanexecuteinavarietyofother applicationsordevicesthatsupporttheappletprogrammingmodel. 10.WhatisASCII? AmericanStandardCodeforInformationInterchange.Astandardassignmentof7bit numericcodestocharacters.SeealsoUnicode. 11.Whatisatomic? Referstoanoperationthatisneverinterruptedorleftinanincompletestateunderany circumstance. 12.Whatisauthentication Theprocessbywhichanentityprovestoanotherentitythatitisactingonbehalfofa specificidentity. 13.Whatisautoboxing? Automaticconversionbetweenreferenceandprimitivetypes.

14.Whatisbean? Areusablesoftwarecomponentthatconformstocertaindesignandnamingconventions. Theconventionsenablebeanstobeeasilycombinedtocreateanapplicationusingtoolsthat understandtheconventions. 15.Whatisbinaryoperator? Anoperatorthathastwoarguments. 16.Whatisbitwiseoperator? Anoperatorthatmanipulatesthebitsofoneormoreofitsoperandsindividuallyandin parallel.Examplesincludethebinarylogicaloperators(&,|,^),thebinaryshiftoperators (<<,>>,>>>)andtheunaryone'scomplementoperator(~). 17.Whatisblock? IntheJavaprogramminglanguage,anycodebetweenmatchingbraces.Example:{x=1;}. 18.Whatisboolean? Referstoanexpressionorvariablethatcanhaveonlyatrueorfalsevalue.TheJava programminglanguageprovidesthebooleantypeandtheliteralvaluestrueandfalse. 19.Whatisbreak? AJavakeywordusedtoresumeprogramexecutionatthestatementimmediatelyfollowing thecurrentstatement.Iffollowedbyalabel,theprogramresumesexecutionatthelabeled statement. 20.Whatisbytecode? MachineindependentcodegeneratedbytheJavacompilerandexecutedbytheJava interpreter. 21.Whatiscase? AJavakeywordthatdefinesagroupofstatementstobeginexecutingifavaluespecified matchesthevaluedefinedbyaprecedingswitchkeyword. 22.Whatiscasting? Explicitconversionfromonedatatypetoanother. 23.Whatiscatch? AJavakeywordusedtodeclareablockofstatementstobeexecutedintheeventthataJava exception,orruntimeerror,occursinaprecedingtryblock. 24.Whatisclass? IntheJavaprogramminglanguage,atypethatdefinestheimplementationofaparticular kindofobject.Aclassdefinitiondefinesinstanceandclassvariablesandmethods,aswell asspecifyingtheinterfacestheclassimplementsandtheimmediatesuperclassoftheclass. Ifthesuperclassisnotexplicitlyspecified,thesuperclasswillimplicitlybeObject. 25.Whatisclassmethod? Amethodthatisinvokedwithoutreferencetoaparticularobject.Classmethodsaffectthe classasawhole,notaparticularinstanceoftheclass.Alsocalledastaticmethod.Seealso instancemethod. 26.Whatisclassvariable? Adataitemassociatedwithaparticularclassasawholenotwithparticularinstancesofthe

class.Classvariablesaredefinedinclassdefinitions.Alsocalledastaticfield.Seealso instancevariable. 27.Whatisclasspath? AnenvironmentalvariablewhichtellstheJavavirtualmachine1andJavatechnologybased applicationswheretofindtheclasslibraries,includinguserdefinedclasslibraries. 28.Whatisclient? Intheclient/servermodelofcommunications,theclientisaprocessthatremotelyaccesses resourcesofacomputeserver,suchascomputepowerandlargememorycapacity. 29.Whatiscodebase? Workstogetherwiththecodeattributeinthe<APPLET>tagtogiveacomplete specificationofwheretofindthemainappletclassfile:codespecifiesthenameofthefile, andcodebasespecifiestheURLofthedirectorycontainingthefile. 30.Whatiscomment? Inaprogram,explanatorytextthatisignoredbythecompiler.Inprogramswritteninthe Javaprogramminglanguage,commentsaredelimitedusing//or/*...*/. 31.Whatiscommit? Thepointinatransactionwhenallupdatestoanyresourcesinvolvedinthetransactionare madepermanent. 32.Whatiscompilationunit? Thesmallestunitofsourcecodethatcanbecompiled.Inthecurrentimplementationofthe Javaplatform,thecompilationunitisafile. 33.Whatiscompiler? Aprogramtotranslatesourcecodeintocodetobeexecutedbyacomputer.TheJava compilertranslatessourcecodewrittenintheJavaprogramminglanguageintobytecodefor theJavavirtualmachine1.Seealsointerpreter. 34.Whatiscompositing? Theprocessofsuperimposingoneimageonanothertocreateasingleimage. 35.Whatisconstructor? Apseudomethodthatcreatesanobject.IntheJavaprogramminglanguage,constructorsare instancemethodswiththesamenameastheirclass.Constructorsareinvokedusingthenew keyword. 36.Whatisconst? AreservedJavakeywordnotusedbycurrentversionsoftheJavaprogramminglanguage. 37.Whatiscontinue? AJavakeywordusedtoresumeprogramexecutionattheendofthecurrentloop.If followedbyalabel,continueresumesexecutionwherethelabeloccurs. 38.Whatisconversationalstate? Thefieldvaluesofasessionbeanplusthetransitiveclosureoftheobjectsreachablefrom thebean'sfields.Thetransitiveclosureofabeanisdefinedintermsoftheserialization protocolfortheJavaprogramminglanguage,thatis,thefieldsthatwouldbestoredby serializingthebeaninstance. 39.WhatisCORBA?

CommonObjectRequestBrokerArchitecture.Alanguageindependent,distributedobject modelspecifiedbytheObjectManagementGroup(OMG). 40.Whatiscoreclass? Apublicclass(orinterface)thatisastandardmemberoftheJavaPlatform.Theintentis thatthecoreclassesfortheJavaplatform,atminimum,areavailableonalloperating systemswheretheJavaplatformruns.AprogramwrittenentirelyintheJavaprogramming languagereliesonlyoncoreclasses,meaningitcanrunanywhere.. 7. 41.Whatiscorepackages? TherequiredsetofAPIsinaJavaplatformeditionwhichmustbesupportedinanyandall compatibleimplementations. 42.Whatiscredentials? Theinformationdescribingthesecurityattributesofaprincipal.Credentialscanbeacquired onlythroughauthenticationordelegation. 43.Whatiscriticalsection? Asegmentofcodeinwhichathreadusesresources(suchascertaininstancevariables)that canbeusedbyotherthreads,butthatmustnotbeusedbythematthesametime. 44.Whatisdeclaration? Astatementthatestablishesanidentifierandassociatesattributeswithit,without necessarilyreservingitsstorage(fordata)orprovidingtheimplementation(formethods). Seealsodefinition. 45.Whatisdefault? AJavakeywordoptionallyusedafterallcaseconditionsinaswitchstatement.Ifallcase conditionsarenotmatchedbythevalueoftheswitchvariable,thedefaultkeywordwillbe executed. 46.Whatisdefinition? Adeclarationthatreservesstorage(fordata)orprovidesimplementation(formethods).See alsodeclaration. 47.Whatisdelegation? Anactwherebyoneprincipalauthorizesanotherprincipaltouseitsidentityorprivileges withsomerestrictions. 48.Whatisdeprecation? Referstoaclass,interface,constructor,methodorfieldthatisnolongerrecommended,and mayceasetoexistinafutureversion. 49.Whatisderivedfrom? ClassXis"derivedfrom"classYifclassXextendsclassY.Seealsosubclass,superclass. 50.Whatisdistributed? Runninginmorethanoneaddressspace. 51.Whatisdistributedapplication? Anapplicationmadeupofdistinctcomponentsrunninginseparateruntimeenvironments, usuallyondifferentplatformsconnectedthroughanetwork.Typicaldistributedapplications aretwotier(client/server),threetier(client/middleware/server),andntier(client/multiple middleware/multipleservers).

52.Whatisdo? AJavakeywordusedtodeclarealoopthatwilliterateablockofstatements.Theloop'sexit conditioncanbespecifiedwiththewhilekeyword. 53.WhatisDOM? DocumentObjectModel.Atreeofobjectswithinterfacesfortraversingthetreeandwriting anXMLversionofit,asdefinedbytheW3Cspecification. 54.Whatisdouble? AJavakeywordusedtodefineavariableoftypedouble. 55.Whatisdoubleprecision? IntheJavaprogramminglanguagespecification,describesafloatingpointnumberthat holds64bitsofdata.Seealsosingleprecision. 56.WhatisDTD? DocumentTypeDefinition.AdescriptionofthestructureandpropertiesofaclassofXML files. 57.Whatiselse? AJavakeywordusedtoexecuteablockofstatementsinthecasethatthetestconditionwith theifkeywordevaluatestofalse. 58.WhatisEmbeddedJavaTechnology? TheavailabilityofJava2Platform,MicroEditiontechnologyunderarestrictivelicense agreementthatallowsalicenseetoleveragecertainJavatechnologiestocreateanddeploya closedboxapplicationthatexposesnoAPIs. 59.Whatisencapsulation? Thelocalizationofknowledgewithinamodule.Becauseobjectsencapsulatedataand implementation,theuserofanobjectcanviewtheobjectasablackboxthatprovides services.Instancevariablesandmethodscanbeadded,deleted,orchanged,butaslongas theservicesprovidedbytheobjectremainthesame,codethatusestheobjectcancontinue touseitwithoutbeingrewritten.Seealsoinstancevariable,instancemethod. 60.Whatisenum? AJavakeywordusedtodeclareanenumeratedtype. 61.Whatisenumeratedtype? Atypewhoselegalvaluesconsistofafixedsetofconstants. 62.Whatisexception? Aneventduringprogramexecutionthatpreventstheprogramfromcontinuingnormally; generally,anerror.TheJavaprogramminglanguagesupportsexceptionswiththetry,catch, andthrowkeywords.Seealsoexceptionhandler. 63.Whatisexceptionhandler? Ablockofcodethatreactstoaspecifictypeofexception.Iftheexceptionisforanerror thattheprogramcanrecoverfrom,theprogramcanresumeexecutingaftertheexception handlerhasexecuted. 64.Whatisexecutablecontent? AnapplicationthatrunsfromwithinanHTMLfile.Seealsoapplet. 65.Whatisextends?

ClassXextendsclassYtoaddfunctionality,eitherbyaddingfieldsormethodstoclassY, orbyoverridingmethodsofclassY.Aninterfaceextendsanotherinterfacebyadding methods.ClassXissaidtobeasubclassofclassY.Seealsoderivedfrom. 66.Whatisfield? Adatamemberofaclass.Unlessspecifiedotherwise,afieldisnotstatic. 67.Whatisfinal? AJavakeyword.Youdefineanentityonceandcannotchangeitorderivefromitlater. Morespecifically:afinalclasscannotbesubclassed,afinalmethodcannotbeoverridden andafinalvariablecannotchangefromitsinitializedvalue. 68.Whatisfinally? AJavakeywordthatexecutesablockofstatementsregardlessofwhetheraJavaException, orruntimeerror,occurredinablockdefinedpreviouslybythetrykeyword. 69.Whatisfloat? AJavakeywordusedtodefineafloatingpointnumbervariable. 70.Whatisfor? AJavakeywordusedtodeclarealoopthatreiteratesstatements.Theprogrammercan specifythestatementstobeexecuted,exitconditions,andinitializationvariablesforthe loop. 71.WhatisFTP? FileTransferProtocol.FTP,whichisbasedonTCP/IP,enablesthefetchingandstoringof filesbetweenhostsontheInternet.SeealsoTCP/IP. 72.Whatisformalparameterlist? Theparametersspecifiedinthedefinitionofaparticularmethod.Seealsoactualparameter list. 73.Whatisgarbagecollection? Theautomaticdetectionandfreeingofmemorythatisnolongerinuse.TheJavaruntime systemperformsgarbagecollectionsothatprogrammersneverexplicitlyfreeobjects. 74.Whatisgeneric? Aclass,interface,ormethodthatdeclaresoneormoretypevariables.Thesetypevariables areknownastypeparameters.Agenericdeclarationdefinesasetofparameterizedtypes, oneforeachpossibleinvocationofthetypeparametersection.Atruntime,allofthese parameterizedtypessharethesameclass,interface,ormethod. 75.Whatisgoto? ThisisareservedJavakeyword.However,itisnotusedbycurrentversionsoftheJava programminglanguage. 76.Whatisgroup? Acollectionofprincipalswithinagivensecuritypolicydomain. 77.WhatisGUI? GraphicalUserInterface.Referstothetechniquesinvolvedinusinggraphics,alongwitha keyboardandamouse,toprovideaneasytouseinterfacetosomeprogram. 78.Whatishexadecimal? Thenumberingsystemthatuses16asitsbase.Themarks09andaf(orequivalentlyAF)

representthedigits0through15.InprogramswrittenintheJavaprogramminglanguage, hexadecimalnumbersmustbeprecededwith0x.Seealsooctal. 79.Whatishierarchy? Aclassificationofrelationshipsinwhicheachitemexceptthetopone(knownastheroot)is aspecializedformoftheitemaboveit.Eachitemcanhaveoneormoreitemsbelowitin thehierarchy.IntheJavaclasshierarchy,therootistheObjectclass. 80.WhatisHTML? HyperTextMarkupLanguage.Thisisafileformat,basedonSGML,forhypertext documentsontheInternet.Itisverysimpleandallowsfortheembeddingofimages, sounds,videostreams,formfieldsandsimpletextformatting.Referencestootherobjects areembeddedusingURLs. 8. 81.WhatisHTTP? HyperTextTransferProtocol.TheInternetprotocol,basedonTCP/IP,usedtofetch hypertextobjectsfromremotehosts.SeealsoTCP/IP. 82.WhatisHTTPS? HyperTextTransferProtocollayeredovertheSSLprotocol. 83.WhatisIDL? InterfaceDefinitionLanguage.APIswrittenintheJavaprogramminglanguagethatprovide standardsbasedinteroperabilityandconnectivitywithCORBA(CommonObjectRequest BrokerArchitecture). 84.Whatisidentifier? ThenameofaniteminaprogramwrittenintheJavaprogramminglanguage. 85.WhatisIIOP? InternetInterORBProtocol.AprotocolusedforcommunicationbetweenCORBAobject requestbrokers. 86.Whatisif? AJavakeywordusedtoconductaconditionaltestandexecuteablockofstatementsifthe testevaluatestotrue. 87.Whatisimpersonation? Anactwherebyoneentityassumestheidentityandprivilegesofanotherentitywithout restrictionsandwithoutanyindicationvisibletotherecipientsoftheimpersonator'scalls thatdelegationhastakenplace.Impersonationisacaseofsimpledelegation. 88.Whatisimplements? AJavakeywordincludedintheclassdeclarationtospecifyanyinterfacesthatare implementedbythecurrentclass. 89.Whatisimport? AJavakeywordusedatthebeginningofasourcefilethatcanspecifyclassesorentire packagestobereferredtolaterwithoutincludingtheirpackagenamesinthereference. 90.Whatisinheritance? Theconceptofclassesautomaticallycontainingthevariablesandmethodsdefinedintheir supertypes.Seealsosuperclass,subclass. 91.Whatisinstance?

Anobjectofaparticularclass.InprogramswrittenintheJavaprogramminglanguage,an instanceofaclassiscreatedusingthenewoperatorfollowedbytheclassname. 92.Whatisinstancemethod? Anymethodthatisinvokedwithrespecttoaninstanceofaclass.Alsocalledsimplya method.Seealsoclassmethod. 93.Whatisinstancevariable? Anyitemofdatathatisassociatedwithaparticularobject.Eachinstanceofaclasshasits owncopyoftheinstancevariablesdefinedintheclass.Alsocalledafield.Seealsoclass variable. 94.Whatisinstanceof? AtwoargumentJavakeywordthattestswhethertheruntimetypeofitsfirstargumentis assignmentcompatiblewithitssecondargument. 95.Whatisint? AJavakeywordusedtodefineavariableoftypeinteger. 96.Whatisinterface? AJavakeywordusedtodefineacollectionofmethoddefinitionsandconstantvalues.Itcan laterbeimplementedbyclassesthatdefinethisinterfacewiththe"implements"keyword. 97.WhatisInternet? Anenormousnetworkconsistingofliterallymillionsofhostsfrommanyorganizationsand countriesaroundtheworld.Itisphysicallyputtogetherfrommanysmallernetworksand datatravelsbyacommonsetofprotocols. 98.WhatisIP? InternetProtocol.ThebasicprotocoloftheInternet.Itenablestheunreliabledeliveryof individualpacketsfromonehosttoanother.Itmakesnoguaranteesaboutwhetherornotthe packetwillbedelivered,howlongitwilltake,orifmultiplepacketswillarriveintheorder theyweresent.Protocolsbuiltontopofthisaddthenotionsofconnectionandreliability. SeealsoTCP/IP. 99.Whatisinterpreter? Amodulethatalternatelydecodesandexecuteseverystatementinsomebodyofcode.The JavainterpreterdecodesandexecutesbytecodefortheJavavirtualmachine1.Seealso compiler,runtimesystem. 100.WhatisJAIN? See:JavaAPIsforIntegratedNetworks(JAIN) 101.WhatisJAR? JAR(JavaArchive)isaplatformindependentfileformatthataggregatesmanyfilesinto one.MultipleappletswrittenintheJavaprogramminglanguage,andtheirrequisite components(.classfiles,images,soundsandotherresourcefiles)canbebundledinaJAR fileandsubsequentlydownloadedtoabrowserinasingleHTTPtransaction.Italso supportsfilecompressionanddigitalsignatures. 102.WhatisJava? Asetoftechnologiesforcreatingandsafelyrunningsoftwareprogramsinbothstandalone andnetworkedenvironments.

103.WhatisJava2Platform? ThesecondgenerationoftheJavaplatform.(ThefirstgenerationwastheJDK.)Alsosee "JavaPlatform"and"JavaPlatformEditions". 104.WhatisJava2Platform,EnterpriseEdition(J2EEplatform)? SeeJava2Platform,EnterpriseEdition,underJavaPlatformEditions. 105.WhatisJava2Platform,MicroEdition(J2MEplatform)? SeeJava2Platform,MicroEdition,underJavaPlatformEditions. 106.WhatisJava2Platform,StandardEdition(J2SEplatform)? SeeJava2Platform,StandardEdition,underJavaPlatformEditions. 107.WhatisJava2SDK,StandardEdition? TheSoftwareDevelopmentKit(SDK)isdevelopmentenvironmentforbuilding applications,applets,andcomponentsusingtheJavaprogramminglanguage.ThisSDK providesareferenceimplementationoftheJ2SEplatform. 108.WhatisJavaAPIsforIntegratedNetworks(JAIN)? enablestherapiddevelopmentofNextGenerationtelecomproductsandservicesonthe Javaplatform. 109.WhatisJavaCardAPI? AnISO78164compliantapplicationenvironmentfocusedonsmartcards. 110.WhatisJavaCompatibilityKit(JCK)? Atestsuite,asetoftools,andotherrequirementsusedtocertifyaJavaplatform implementationconformantbothtotheapplicableJavaplatformspecificationsandtoJava Softwarereferenceimplementations. 111.WhatisJavaDatabaseConnectivity(JDBC)? AnindustrystandardfordatabaseindependentconnectivitybetweentheJavaplatformanda widerangeofdatabases.TheJDBCprovidesacalllevelAPIforSQLbaseddatabase access. 112.WhatisJavaDevelopmentKit(JDK)? AsoftwaredevelopmentenvironmentforwritingappletsandapplicationsintheJava programminglanguage.Technically,theJDKisthecorrectnameforallversionsoftheJava platformfrom1.0to1.1.x. 113.WhatisJavaFoundationClasses(JFC)? AnextensionthataddsgraphicaluserinterfaceclasslibrariestotheAbstractWindowing Toolkit(AWT). 114.WhatisJavaIDL? JavaInterfaceDefinitionLanguage 115.WhatisJavaInterfaceDefinitionLanguage(IDL)? AsetofJavaAPIsthatprovideCORBA(CommonObjectRequestBrokerArchitecture) interoperabilityandconnectivitycapabilitiesfortheJ2EEplatform.Thesecapabilities enableJ2EEapplicationstoinvokeoperationsonremotenetworkservicesusingtheOMG IDLandIIOP. 116.WhatisJavaMediaAPIs? AsetofAPIsthatsupporttheintegrationofaudioandvideoclips,2Dfonts,graphics,and

imagesaswellas3Dmodelsandtelephony. 117.WhatisJavaMediaFramework? Thecoreframeworksupportsclocksforsynchronizingbetweendifferentmedia(e.g.,audio andvideooutput).Thestandardextensionframeworkallowsuserstodofullaudioand videostreaming. 118.WhatisJavaNamingandDirectoryInterface(JNDI)? AsetofAPIsthatassistswiththeinterfacingtomultiplenaminganddirectoryservices. 119.WhatisJavaNativeInterface? AstandardprogramminginterfaceforwritingJavanativemethodsandembeddingtheJVM intonativeapplications.Theprimarygoalisbinarycompatibilityofnativemethodlibraries acrossallJVMimplementationsonagivenplatform. 120.WhatisJavaPlatform? Consistsofclasslibraries,aJavavirtualmachine(JVM)andclassloader(whichcomprise theruntimeenvironment)andacompiler,debuggerandothertools(whichcomprisethe developmentkit).Inaddition,theruntimeplatformissubjecttoasetofcompatibility requirementstoensureconsistentandcompatibleimplementations.Implementationsthat meetthecompatibilityrequirementsmayqualifyforSun'stargetedcompatibilitybrands. Java2isthecurrentgenerationoftheJavaPlatform. 9. 121.WhatisJavaPlatformEditions? AJavaplatform"edition"isadefinitiveandagreeduponversionoftheJavaplatformthat providesthefunctionalityneededoverabroadmarketsegment.Aneditioniscomprisedof twokindsofAPIsets:(i)"corepackages,"whichareessentialtoallimplementationsofa givenplatformedition,and(ii)"optionalpackages,"whichareavailableforagiven platformeditionandwhichmaybesupportedinacompatibleimplementation.Thereare3 distincteditionsoftheJavaPlatform:*Java2Platform,EnterpriseEdition:Theeditionof theJavaplatformthatistargetedatenterprisestoenabledevelopment,deployment,and managementofmultitierservercentricapplications.*Java2Platform,MicroEdition:The editionoftheJavaplatformthatistargetedatsmall,standaloneorconnectableconsumer andembeddeddevicestoenabledevelopment,deployment,andmanagementofapplications thatcanscalefromsmartcardsthroughmobiledevicesandsettopboxestoconventional computingdevices.*Java2Platform,StandardEdition:TheeditionoftheJavaplatform thatenablesdevelopment,deployment,andmanagementofcrossplatform,generalpurpose applications. 122.WhatisJavaRemoteMethodInvocation(RMI)? AdistributedobjectmodelforJavaprogramtoJavaprogram,inwhichthemethodsof remoteobjectswrittenintheJavaprogramminglanguagecanbeinvokedfromotherJava virtualmachines1,possiblyondifferenthosts. 123.WhatisJavaRuntimeEnvironment(JRE)? AsubsetoftheJavaDevelopmentKit(JDK)forendusersanddeveloperswhowantto redistributetheruntimeenvironmentalone.TheJavaruntimeenvironmentconsistsofthe Javavirtualmachine1,theJavacoreclasses,andsupportingfiles. 124.WhatisJavavirtualmachine1? Asoftware"executionengine"thatsafelyandcompatiblyexecutesthebytecodesinJava

classfilesonamicroprocessor(whetherinacomputerorinanotherelectronicdevice). 125.WhatisJavaBeans? Aportable,platformindependentreusablecomponentmodel.Acomponentthatconforms tothismodeliscalledabean. 126.WhatisJavaCheck? Atoolforcheckingcomplianceofapplicationsandappletstoaspecification. 127.WhatisJavaSafe? Atoolfortrackingandmanagingsourcefilechanges,writteninJava. 128.WhatisJavaScript? AWebscriptinglanguagethatisusedinbothbrowsersandWebservers.Likeallscripting languages,itisusedprimarilytotieothercomponentstogetherortoacceptuserinput. 129.WhatisJavaSpaces? Atechnologythatprovidesdistributedpersistenceanddataexchangemechanismsforcode inJava. 130.WhatisJDBC? JavaDatabaseConnectivity. 131.WhatisJDK? JavaDevelopmentKit.Asoftwaredevelopmentenvironmentforwritingappletsand applicationinJava. 132.WhatisJFC? JavaFoundationClasses. 133.WhatisJiniTechnology? AsetofJavaAPIsthatmaybeincorporatedanoptionalpackageforanyJava2Platform Edition.TheJiniAPIsenabletransparentnetworkingofdevicesandservicesandeliminates theneedforsystemornetworkadministrationinterventionbyauser.TheJinitechnologyis currentlyanoptionalpackageavailableonallJavaplatformeditions. 134.WhatisJNDI? JavaNamingandDirectoryInterface. 135.WhatisJNI? JavaNativeInterface. 136.WhatisJRE? JavaRuntimeEnvironment 137.WhatisJustintime(JIT)Compiler? AcompilerthatconvertsallofthebytecodeintonativemachinecodejustasaJavaprogram isrun.ThisresultsinruntimespeedimprovementsovercodethatisinterpretedbyaJava virtualmachine. 138.WhatisJVM? JavaVirtualMachine(JVM). 139.Whatiskeyword? Javasetsasidewordsaskeywordsthesewordsarereservedbythelanguageitselfand thereforearenotavailableasnamesforvariablesormethods. 140.Whatislexical?

Pertainingtohowthecharactersinsourcecodearetranslatedintotokensthatthecompiler canunderstand. 141.Whatislinker? Amodulethatbuildsanexecutable,completeprogramfromcomponentmachinecode modules.TheJavalinkercreatesarunnableprogramfromcompiledclasses.Seealso compiler,interpreter,runtimesystem. 142.Whatisliteral? Thebasicrepresentationofanyinteger,floatingpoint,orcharactervalue.Forexample,3.0 isadoubleprecisionfloatingpointliteral,and"a"isacharacterliteral. 143.Whatislocalvariable? Adataitemknownwithinablock,butinaccessibletocodeoutsidetheblock.Forexample, anyvariabledefinedwithinamethodisalocalvariableandcan'tbeusedoutsidethe method. 144.Whatislong? AJavakeywordusedtodefineavariableoftypelong. 145.Whatismember? Afieldormethodofaclass.Unlessspecifiedotherwise,amemberisnotstatic. 146.Whatismethod? Afunctiondefinedinaclass.Seealsoinstancemethod,classmethod.Unlessspecified otherwise,amethodisnotstatic. 147.Whatismultithreaded? Describesaprogramthatisdesignedtohavepartsofitscodeexecuteconcurrently.Seealso thread. 148.Whatisnative? AJavakeywordthatisusedinmethoddeclarationstospecifythatthemethodisnot implementedinthesameJavasourcefile,butratherinanotherlanguage. 149.Whatisnew? AJavakeywordusedtocreateaninstanceofaclass. 150.Whatisnull? Thenulltypehasonevalue,thenullreference,representedbytheliteralnull,whichis formedfromASCIIcharacters.Anullliteralisalwaysofthenulltype. 151.Whatisobject? Theprincipalbuildingblocksofobjectorientedprograms.Eachobjectisaprogramming unitconsistingofdata(instancevariables)andfunctionality(instancemethods).Seealso class. 152.Whatisobjectorienteddesign? Asoftwaredesignmethodthatmodelsthecharacteristicsofabstractorrealobjectsusing classesandobjects. 153.Whatisoctal? Thenumberingsystemusing8asitsbase,usingthenumerals07asitsdigits.Inprograms writtenintheJavaprogramminglanguage,octalnumbersmustbeprecededwith0.Seealso hexadecimal.

154.Whatisoptionalpackages? ThesetorsetsofAPIsinaJavaplatformeditionwhichareavailablewithandmaybe supportedinacompatibleimplementation.Overtime,optionalpackagesmaybecome requiredinaneditionasthemarketplacerequiresthem. 155.WhatisORB? ObjectRequestBroker.AlibrarythanenablesCORBAobjectstolocateandcommunicate withoneanother. 156.WhatisOSprincipal? AprincipalnativetotheoperatingsystemonwhichtheJavaplatformisexecuting. 157.WhatisOTS? ObjectTransactionService.AdefinitionoftheinterfacesthatpermitCORBAobjectsto participateintransactions. 158.Whatisoverloading? Usingoneidentifiertorefertomultipleitemsinthesamescope.IntheJavaprogramming language,youcanoverloadmethodsbutnotvariablesoroperators. 159.Whatisoverriding? Providingadifferentimplementationofamethodinasubclassoftheclassthatoriginally definedthemethod. 160.Whatispackage? Agroupoftypes.Packagesaredeclaredwiththepackagekeyword. 10. 161.Whatispeer? Innetworking,anyfunctionalunitinthesamelayerasanotherentity. 162.Whatispersistence? Theprotocolfortransferringthestateofabeanbetweenitsinstancevariablesandan underlyingdatabase. 163.Whatispixel? Thepictureelementonadisplayarea,suchasamonitorscreenorprintedpage.Eachpixel isindividuallyaccessible. 164.WhatisPOA? PortableObjectAdapter.ACORBAstandardforbuildingserversideapplicationsthatare portableacrossheterogeneousORBs. 165.Whatisprimarykey? Anobjectthatuniquelyidentifiesanentitybeanwithinahome. 166.Whatisprimitivetype? Avariabledatatypeinwhichthevariable'svalueisoftheappropriatesizeandformatforits type:anumber,acharacter,orabooleanvalue. 167.Whatisprincipal? Theidentityassignedtoanentityasaresultofauthentication. 168.Whatisprivate? AJavakeywordusedinamethodorvariabledeclaration.Itsignifiesthatthemethodor variablecanonlybeaccessedbyotherelementsofitsclass. 169.Whatisprivilege?

Asecurityattributethatdoesnothavethepropertyofuniquenessandwhichmaybeshared bymanyprincipals.Anexampleofaprivilegeisagroup. 170.Whatisprocess? Avirtualaddressspacecontainingoneormorethreads. 171.Whatisproperty? Characteristicsofanobjectthatuserscanset,suchasthecolorofawindow. 172.Whatisprofiles? AprofileisacollectionofJavaAPIsthatcomplementsoneormoreJava2Platform Editionsbyaddingdomainspecificcapabilities.Profilesmayalsoincludeotherdefined profiles.AprofileimplementationrequiresaJava2PlatformEditiontocreateacomplete developmentanddeploymentenvironmentinatargetedverticalmarket.Eachprofileis subjecttoanassociatedsetofcompatibilityrequirements.Profilesmaybeusableononeor moreeditions.SomeexamplesofprofileswithintheJava2Platform,MicroEditionare:* PersonalProfilefornonPCproductsthatneedtodisplayWebcompatibleJavabased content*JavaCardforsecuresmartcardsandotherseverelymemoryconstrained devices. 173.Whatisprotected? AJavakeywordusedinamethodorvariabledeclaration.Itsignifiesthatthemethodor variablecanonlybeaccessedbyelementsresidinginitsclass,subclasses,orclassesinthe samepackage. 174.Whatispublic? AJavakeywordusedinamethodorvariabledeclaration.Itsignifiesthatthemethodor variablecanbeaccessedbyelementsresidinginotherclasses. 175.Whatisraster? Atwodimensionalrectangulargridofpixels. 176.Whatisrealm? Seesecuritypolicydomain.Also,astring,passedaspartofanHTTPrequestduringbasic authentication,thatdefinesaprotectionspace.Theprotectedresourcesonaservercanbe partitionedintoasetofprotectionspaces,eachwithitsownauthenticationschemeand/or authorizationdatabase. 177.Whatisreference? Avariabledatatypeinwhichthevariable'svalueisanaddress. 178.Whatisreturn? AJavakeywordusedtofinishtheexecutionofamethod.Itcanbefollowedbyavalue requiredbythemethoddefinition. 179.WhatisRMI? SeeJavaRemoteMethodInvocation. 180.Whatisrollback? Thepointinatransactionwhenallupdatestoanydatabasesinvolvedinthetransactionare reversed. 181.Whatisroot? Inahierarchyofitems,theoneitemfromwhichallotheritemsaredescended.Theroot

itemhasnothingaboveitinthehierarchy.Seealsohierarchy,class,package. 182.WhatisRPC? RemoteProcedureCall.ExecutingWhatlookslikeanormalprocedurecall(ormethod invocation)bysendingnetworkpacketstosomeremotehost. 183.Whatisruntimesystem? ThesoftwareenvironmentinwhichprogramscompiledfortheJavavirtualmachine1can run.TheruntimesystemincludesallthecodenecessarytoloadprogramswrittenintheJava programminglanguage,dynamicallylinknativemethods,managememory,handle exceptions,andanimplementationoftheJavavirtualmachine,whichmaybeaJava interpreter. 184.WhatisSAX? SimpleAPIforXML.Aneventdriven,serialaccessmechanismforaccessingXML documents. 185.Whatissandbox Comprisesanumberofcooperatingsystemcomponents,rangingfromsecuritymanagers thatexecuteaspartoftheapplication,tosecuritymeasuresdesignedintotheJavavirtual machine1andthelanguageitself.Thesandboxensuresthatanuntrusted,andpossibly malicious,applicationcannotgainaccesstosystemresources. 186.Whatisscope? Acharacteristicofanidentifierthatdetermineswheretheidentifiercanbeused.Most identifiersintheJavaprogrammingenvironmenthaveeitherclassorlocalscope.Instance andclassvariablesandmethodshaveclassscope;theycanbeusedoutsidetheclassandits subclassesonlybyprefixingthemwithaninstanceoftheclassor(forclassvariablesand methods)withtheclassname.Allothervariablesaredeclaredwithinmethodsandhave localscope;theycanbeusedonlywithintheenclosingblock. 187.WhatisSecureSocketLayer(SSL)? AprotocolthatallowscommunicationbetweenaWebbrowserandaservertobeencrypted forprivacy. 188.Whatissecurityattributes? Asetofpropertiesassociatedwithaprincipal.Securityattributescanbeassociatedwitha principalbyanauthenticationprotocol. 189.Whatissecuritycontext? Anobjectthatencapsulatesthesharedstateinformationregardingsecuritybetweentwo entities. 190.Whatissecuritypolicydomain? Ascopeoverwhichsecuritypoliciesaredefinedandenforcedbyasecurityadministrator.A securitypolicydomainhasthefollowingcharacteristics:Ithasacollectionofusers(or principals).Itusesawelldefinedauthenticationprotocol(s)forauthenticatingusers(or principals).Itmayhavegroupstosimplifysettingofsecuritypolicies. 191.Whatissecuritytechnologydomain? Ascopeoverwhichthesamesecuritymechanismisusedtoenforceasecuritypolicy. Multiplesecuritypolicydomainscanexistwithinasingletechnologydomain. 192.Whatisserialization?

Theencodingofobjects,andtheobjectsreachablefromthem,intoastreamofbytesandthe complementaryreconstructionoftheobjectgraphfromthestream. 193.Whatisshort? AJavakeywordusedtodefineavariableoftypeshort. 194.Whatissingleprecision? IntheJavalanguagespecification,describesafloatingpointnumberwith32bitsofdata. Seealsodoubleprecision. 195.WhatisSGML? StandardizedGeneralizedMarkupLanguage.AnISO/ANSI/ECMAstandardthatspecifiesa waytoannotatetextdocumentswithinformationabouttypesofsectionsofadocument. 196.WhatisSOAP? TheSimpleObjectAccessProtocol(SOAP)usesacombinationofXMLbaseddata structuringandtheHyperTextTransferProtocol(HTTP)todefineastandardizedmethod forinvokingmethodsinobjectsdistributedindiverseoperatingenvironmentsacrossthe Internet. 197.WhatisSQL? StructuredQueryLanguage.Thestandardizedrelationaldatabaselanguagefordefining databaseobjectsandmanipulatingdata. 198.Whatisstatic? AJavakeywordusedtodefineavariableasaclassvariable.Classesmaintainonecopyof classvariablesregardlessofhowmanyinstancesexistofthatclass.staticcanalsobeused todefineamethodasaclassmethod.Classmethodsareinvokedbytheclassinsteadofa specificinstance,andcanonlyoperateonclassvariables. 199.Whatisstaticfield? Anothernameforclassvariable. 200.Whatisstaticmethod? Anothernameforclassmethod. 11. 201.Whatisstream? Astreamissimplyabytestreamofdatathatissentfromasendertoareceiver.Thereare twobasiccategories,sothejava.iopackageincludestwoabstractclasses(InputStreamand OutputStream). 202.Whatissubarray? Anarraythatisinsideanotherarray. 203.Whatissubclass? Aclassthatisderivedfromaparticularclass,perhapswithoneormoreclassesinbetween. Seealsosuperclass,supertype. 204.Whatissubtype? IftypeXextendsorimplementstypeY,thenXisasubtypeofY.Seealsosupertype. 205.Whatissuperclass? Aclassfromwhichaparticularclassisderived,perhapswithoneormoreclassesin between.Seealsosubclass,subtype. 206.Whatissuper?

AJavakeywordusedtoaccessmembersofaclassinheritedbytheclassinwhichitappears. 207.Whatissupertype? Thesupertypesofatypearealltheinterfacesandclassesthatareextendedorimplemented bythattype.Seealsosubtype,superclass. 208.Whatisswitch? AJavakeywordusedtoevaluateavariablethatcanlaterbematchedwithavaluespecified bythecasekeywordinordertoexecuteagroupofstatements. 209.WhatisSwing? Acollectionofgraphicaluserinterface(GUI)componentsthatrunsuniformlyonanynative platformwhichsupportstheJavavirtualmachine*.Becausetheyarewrittenentirelyinthe Javaprogramminglanguage,thesecomponentsmayprovidefunctionalityaboveand beyondthatprovidedbynativeplatformequivalents.(ContrastwithAWT.) 210.Whatissynchronized? AkeywordintheJavaprogramminglanguagethat,whenappliedtoamethodorcodeblock, guaranteesthatatmostonethreadatatimeexecutesthatcode. 211.WhatisTCP/IP? TransmissionControlProtocolbasedonIP.ThisisanInternetprotocolthatprovidesforthe reliabledeliveryofstreamsofdatafromonehosttoanother.SeealsoIP. 212.WhatisTechnologyCompatibilityKit(TCK)? Atestsuite,asetoftools,andotherrequirementsusedtocertifyanimplementationofa particularSuntechnologyconformantbothtotheapplicablespecificationsandtoSunor Sundesignatedreferenceimplementations. 213.Whatisthinclient? Asystemthatrunsaverylightoperatingsystemwithnolocalsystemadministrationand executesapplicationsdeliveredoverthenetwork. 214.Whatisthis? AJavakeywordthatcanbeusedtorepresentaninstanceoftheclassinwhichitappears. thiscanbeusedtoaccessclassvariablesandmethods. 215.Whatisthread? Thebasicunitofprogramexecution.Aprocesscanhaveseveralthreadsrunning concurrently,eachperformingadifferentjob,suchaswaitingforeventsorperforminga timeconsumingjobthattheprogramdoesn'tneedtocompletebeforegoingon.Whena threadhasfinisheditsjob,thethreadissuspendedordestroyed.Seealsoprocess. 216.Whatisthrow? AJavakeywordthatallowstheusertothrowanexceptionoranyclassthatimplementsthe "throwable"interface. 217.Whatisthrows? AJavakeywordusedinmethoddeclarationsthatspecifywhichexceptionsarenothandled withinthemethodbutratherpassedtothenexthigherleveloftheprogram. 218.Whatistransaction? Anatomicunitofworkthatmodifiesdata.Atransactionenclosesoneormoreprogram

statements,allofwhicheithercompleteorrollback.Transactionsenablemultipleusersto accessthesamedataconcurrently. 219.Whatistransactionisolationlevel? Thedegreetowhichtheintermediatestateofthedatabeingmodifiedbyatransactionis visibletootherconcurrenttransactionsanddatabeingmodifiedbyothertransactionsis visibletoit. 220.Whatistransactionmanager? Providestheservicesandmanagementfunctionsrequiredtosupporttransaction demarcation,transactionalresourcemanagement,synchronization,andtransactioncontext propagation. 221.Whatistransient? AkeywordintheJavaprogramminglanguagethatindicatesthatafieldisnotpartofthe serializedformofanobject.Whenanobjectisserialized,thevaluesofitstransientfields arenotincludedintheserialrepresentation,whilethevaluesofitsnontransientfieldsare included. 222.Whatistry? AJavakeywordthatdefinesablockofstatementsthatmaythrowaJavalanguage exception.Ifanexceptionisthrown,anoptionalcatchblockcanhandlespecificexceptions thrownwithinthetryblock.Also,anoptionalfinallyblockwillbeexecutedregardlessof whetheranexceptionisthrownornot. 223.Whatistype? Aclassorinterface. 224.WhatisUnicode? A16bitcharactersetdefinedbyISO10646.SeealsoASCII.AllsourcecodeintheJava programmingenvironmentiswritteninUnicode. 225.WhatisURI? UniformResourceIdentifier.Acompactstringofcharactersforidentifyinganabstractor physicalresource.AURIiseitheraURLoraURN.URLsandURNsareconcreteentities thatactuallyexist;AURIisanabstractsuperclass. 226.WhatisURL? UniformResourceLocator.Astandardforwritingatextreferencetoanarbitrarypieceof dataintheWWW.AURLlookslike"protocol://host/localinfo"whereprotocolspecifiesa protocoltousetofetchtheobject(likeHTTPorFTP),hostspecifiestheInternetnameof thehostonwhichtofindit,andlocalinfoisastring(oftenafilename)passedtothe protocolhandlerontheremotehost. 227.WhatisURN? UniformResourceName.Auniqueidentifierthatidentifiesanentity,butdoesn'ttellwhere itislocated.AsystemcanuseaURNtolookupanentitylocallybeforetryingtofinditon theWeb.ItalsoallowstheWeblocationtochange,whilestillallowingtheentitytobe found. 228.Whatisvariable? Anitemofdatanamedbyanidentifier.Eachvariablehasatype,suchasintorObject,anda scope.Seealsoclassvariable,instancevariable,localvariable.

229.Whatisvirtualmachine? Anabstractspecificationforacomputingdevicethatcanbeimplementedindifferentways, insoftwareorhardware.Youcompiletotheinstructionsetofavirtualmachinemuchlike you'dcompiletotheinstructionsetofamicroprocessor.TheJavavirtualmachineconsists ofabytecodeinstructionset,asetofregisters,astack,agarbagecollectedheap,andanarea forstoringmethods. 230.Whatisvoid? AJavakeywordusedinmethoddeclarationstospecifythatthemethoddoesnotreturnany value.voidcanalsobeusedasanonfunctionalstatement. 231.Whatisvolatile? AJavakeywordusedinvariabledeclarationsthatspecifiesthatthevariableismodified asynchronouslybyconcurrentlyrunningthreads. 232.WhatisWebserver? SoftwarethatprovidesservicestoaccesstheInternet,anintranet,oranextranet.AWeb serverhostsWebsites,providessupportforHTTPandotherprotocols,andexecutesserver sideprograms(suchasCGIscriptsorservlets)thatperformcertainfunctions. 233.Whatiswhile? AJavakeywordusedtodeclarealoopthatiteratesablockofstatements.Theloop'sexit conditionisspecifiedaspartofthewhilestatement. 234.Whatisworldreadablefiles? Filesonafilesystemthatcanbeviewed(read)byanyuser.Forexample:filesresidingon WebserverscanonlybeviewedbyInternetusersiftheirpermissionshavebeensetto worldreadable. 235.Whatiswrapper? Anobjectthatencapsulatesanddelegatestoanotherobjecttoalteritsinterfaceorbehavior insomeway. 236.WhatisXML? ExtensibleMarkupLanguage.Amarkuplanguagethatallowsyoutodefinethetags (markup)neededtoidentifythedataandtextinXMLdocuments.