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Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA. Presentation_ID.scr
Agenda
Overview of WAN Issues Network InterfacesRouted WAN Router Tools and Concepts Network InterfacesSwitched WAN Switch Tools and Concepts
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1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
ATM
Internet
DDS DSU
DSU/CSU
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Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA. Presentation_ID.scr
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ATM xDSL
OC3/STM1
ISDN E1/T1
Service provider (PTTs) offerings vary vastly Not all technology options available
X.25 TDM
19.2 Kbps
Leased Line
56/64 Kbps
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA. Presentation_ID.scr
Network Interfaces
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Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA. Presentation_ID.scr
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Yellow alarm
Signal that far end has loss of RX. Sometimes known as Remote Alarm Indication(RAI)
Blue alarm
Loss of signal upstream. Known as Alarm Indication Signal(AIS)
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Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA. Presentation_ID.scr
Clocking concerns
Synchronize network elements Clock sourcesHighest quality Design for resiliency
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Specify the cable length for a DS1 link Specify the timeslots to channel-group mapping for an interface Specify the clock source for a DS1 link Set a command to its defaults Controller specific description Exit from controller configuration mode Specify the FDL standard for a DS1 data link Specify the type of Framing on a E1 link Specify the line encoding method for a E1 link Loopback up or down detection Put the entire E1 line into loopback Configure the controller mode Configure the specified timeslots for PRI Shut down a E1 link (send Blue Alarm) Configure DS0 group for TDM
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Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA. Presentation_ID.scr
Receiver has no alarms. Framing is ESF, Line Code is B8ZS, Current clock source is line, Fraction has 24 timeslots (64 Kbits/sec each), Net bandwidth is 1536 Kbits/sec. Last user loopback performed:
dte loopback duration 00:00:48
Last module self-test (done 04:46:18): Passed Last clearing of alarm counters 2w2d
loss of signal loss of frame AIS alarm Remote alarm Module access errors : : : : : 4, last occurred 04:20:53 4, last occurred 00:18:01 1, last occurred 04:37:55 0, 0,
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Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA. Presentation_ID.scr
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 1675 packets input, 26792 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 1676 packets output, 26806 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out 0 carrier transitions DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up
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Start BERT test Specify the cable length for a DS1 link Specify the timeslots to channel-group mapping for an interface Specify the clock source for a DS1 link Controller specific description Exit from controller configuration mode Specify the FDL standard for a DS1 data link Specify the type of Framing on a DS1 link Specify the line encoding method for a DS1 link Put the entire T1 line into loopback Negate a command or set its defaults Configure the specified timeslots for PRI Shut down a DS1 link (send Blue Alarm)
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Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA. Presentation_ID.scr
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cable length in feet (0-450) Specify the clock source for a T3 link Controller specific description Specify the type of Framing on a T3 link Specify the idle pattern all channels on a T3 interface Put the entire T3 line into loopback Maintenance Data Link Configuration Negate a command or set its defaults Shut down a DS3 link (send DS3 Idle) Create a T1 channel
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Troubleshooting Tools
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Troubleshooting Tools
Loopbacks
Controller loops Serial loops Hard wire loops
BERT generators
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AIS
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CSU/DSU Module
Cisco Router DTE Interface DSU CSU CSU DSU
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Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA. Presentation_ID.scr
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Tools BERT
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Applique type is Channelized T1 No alarms detected. Cablelength is long gain36 0db Framing is ESF, Line Code is B8ZS, Clock Source is Line. Data in current interval (24 seconds elapsed):
0 Line Code Violations, 0 Path Code Violations 0 Slip Secs, 0 Fr Loss Secs, 0 Line Err Secs, 0 Degraded Mins 0 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs, 0 Severely Err Secs, 0 Unavail Secs
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POS(config-if)#bert pattern 2^23 interval 10 POS#show controller oc12 4/0:1 POS#show controller oc12 4/0:2 bert
POS(config-if)#bert errors 5
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Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA. Presentation_ID.scr
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WAN Connections
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WAN ConnectionsRouter
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Verify configuration
LMI type Encapsulation type Display show and debugs
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1 01:17:58.763: Serial0(out): StEnq, myseq 92, yourseen 64, DTE up 1 01:17:58.763: datagramstart = 0x20007C, datagramsize = 14 1 01:17:58.763: FR encap = 0x0001030800 75 95 01 01 01 03 02 5C 40 1 01:17:58.767: 1 01:17:58.815: Serial0(in): Status, myseq 92 1 01:17:58.815: RT IE 1, length 1, type 1 1 01:17:58.815: KA IE 3, length 2, yourseq 65, myseq 92 1 01:18:08.763: Serial0(out): StEnq, myseq 93, yourseen 65, DTE up 1 01:18:08.763: datagramstart = 0x20007C, datagramsize = 14 1 01:18:08.763: FR encap = 0x0001030800 75 95 01 01 01 03 02 5D 41 1 01:18:08.767: 1 01:18:08.815: Serial0(in): Status, myseq 93 1 01:18:08.815: RT IE 1, length 1, type 1 1 01:18:08.815: KA IE 3, length 2, yourseq 66, myseq 93 1 01:18:18.763: Serial0(out): StEnq, myseq 94, yourseen 66, DTE up 1 01:18:18.763: datagramstart = 0x20007C, datagramsize = 14 1 01:18:18.763: FR encap = 0x0001030800 75 95 01 01 00 03 02 5E 42 1 01:18:18.767: 1 01:18:18.815: Serial0(in): Status, myseq 94 1 01:18:18.815: RT IE 1, length 1, type 0 1 01:18:18.819: KA IE 3, length 2, yourseq 67, myseq 94 1 01:18:18.819: PVC IE 0x7 , length 0x3 , dlci 980, status 0x2
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WAN ConnectionsATM
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Make sure the other end is up and is not reporting any kind of yellow alarm (even though your end may be up); if it is, something is wrong between our TX and their RX path
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OC3specific
Sonet PHY layer Clock-source Scrambling Loopback [sts-3c|stm-1] [free-running|network-derived|loop-timed] [sts-stream|cell-payload] [line|diagnostic]
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If there are repeaters in between, make sure they put out the right format of signal, i.e. STS-12c, rather than STS-12
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DS3specific
Framing [m23adm|cbitadm|m23plcp|cbitplcp] Ibo [short|long]default is short (i.e. less than 225 feet) Clock-source [free-running|loop-timed|network-derived] Scrambling [cell-payload]default is disabled Loopback [line|diagnostic|cell|payload] Autoferf [los|oof|red|ais|lcd] -default is monitor all
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MGX 8220
Lines, ports, channels Frame Relay Service ModulesFRSM ATM UNI Service ModulesAUSM
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T1/E1
Frame Relay Frame Relay Frame Relay Frame Relay Frame Relay Frame Relay
AXIS
MGX Network
T1/E1
TDM
T1/E1
X.21
HSSI
Frame Relay
Frame Relay
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1 DB-15 dsx1ESF Modify dsx1B8ZS 0-110 ft LocalTiming LocalLineLoop NoCode 0x7 0x0
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Backplane
DB-15-4T1 DB-15-4E1 or BNC-4T1 RJ48-8T1 RJ-48-8E1 or SMB-8E1 SCS12-2HSSI or DB-15-4X21
4 T1 Lines
4 E1 Lines
8 T1 Lines
8 E1 Lines
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Line Line
Ports
Line Line
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Line
TDM
Frame Relay
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Line
Logical Ports
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Total Frames: Total Bytes: Frames FECN: Frames BECN: Frames Abort: Buf Not Available: KbpsAIR: XmtFramesDiscXceedQDepth: XmtBytesDiscXceedQDepth: XmtFramesDuringLMIAlarm: XmtByteDuringLMIAlarm: XmtFramesUnderrun: RcvFramesDE: RcvFramesDiscCRCError: RcvFramesDiscIllegalHeader: RcvFramesDiscAlignmentError: RcvFramesDiscIllegalLen:
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1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
0 0 0 0 0
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Rx -----------------0 0 6 0 0 0 981 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0
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982 0 5
0 0
16 16 alarm 31 Tx --------------------Sending A=1 Sending AIS OAM state 541 324059 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 142 Rx --------------------Off Not receiving any state 105 9345 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 9
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Backplane
DB-15-4T1 DB-15-4E1 or BNC-4E1 RJ-48-8T1 RJ-48-8E1 or SMB-8E1
4 T1 Lines
4 E1 Lines
8 T1 Lines
8 E1 Lines
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Lines
ATM CPE
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LogicalPortNumber: Port Enable: Port State: PortType: PhysicalPortNumber: CellFraming: CellScramble: Plpp Loopback: Single-bit error correction:
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1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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1 Active 32 0 0 0x0 32 0 0 0 32 0 32 0 0 0 0 0 0
75
MGX
ATM CPE AUSM
BPX
BNI or BXM
MGX
AUSM ATM CPE
ATM Channel
ATM Channel
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Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA. Presentation_ID.scr
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16 Alarm Alarm Sending OAM AIS Receiving AIS Sending OAM AIS 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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1 12 10 0 0 0 2 9 3 4 0 0 0 0
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16 Add VCC UBR 1 40 40 0 4 1000 CLP hysterisis 1000 900 800 LOW 1000 Enabled 3622 10000 3622
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250000 3622 1000 CLP[0] Enabled Disable Disable 0 3622 0 0 Disable No Test Not In Progress 65535 ms 100 0 0
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CPE
Far-End
Remote Local
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CPE
FRSM SRM
Far-End Loop
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Channel
From service module Addchanloopdelchanloop
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Port
FRSM and AUSM from SRM Cnfbert
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DDS Seek
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: test : 04/14/98 : 04/14/98 : 18:08:42 : 18:08:54 :5 :5 : 1 (Line test) : 64K : BERT Pattern Test : No Loopback : All Zeroes Pattern :0 : 9075815 :0 :0
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