Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
110 100 90
Temperature, T
80 70 60
50
40 0 0.2 0.4 X,Y 0.6 0.8 1
Vap Comp. y
0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.2 0.4 Liq Comp. x 0.6 0.8 1
110 100 90
Temperature, T
Liquid
Vapour
Liq Comp Vap Comp
Vap Comp. y
0.2
0.1 0 0 0.2 0.4 Liq Comp. x 0.6 0.8 1
110 100
90
Temperature, T
80 70 60
Liquid
Vapour Liq Comp Vap Comp
50
40 0 0.2 0.4 X,Y 0.6 0.8 1
Vap Comp. y
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.2 0.4 Liq comp. x 0.6 0.8 1
10
110 100 90
Temperature, T
80 70
Liquid
Vapour
Liq Comp
60
50 40 0 0.2 0.4 X,Y 0.6 0.8 1
Vap Comp
Vap comp. y
0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.2 0.4 Liq Comp. x 0.6 0.8 1
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110 100 90
Temperature, T
Liquid
Vapour
Liq Comp Vap Comp
Vap Comp. y
0.2
0.4
Liq Comp. x
0.6
0.8
12
110 100 90
Temperature, T
80 70 60 Liquid Vapour
Tie line
50
40 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
X,Y
Figure 12: Equilibrium temperature-composition diagram of vapor and liquid phase of ethanol/water system at one atmospheric pressure At equilibrium temperature of 80oC and atmospheric pressure Theoretical composition of ethanol 1. vapor phase: yth = 0.64 2. liquid phase: xth = 0.48
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Discussion
The experimental value deviated from theoretical value. Possible reasons for discrepancies are discussed below: There might be error while taking refractometer reading as it had to be adjusted manually which might be inappropriate due to visibility problem. So the mole fraction determined from the Refractive index vs mole fraction graph was not accurate. Ethanol is a very volatile substance. While taking the reading of refractive index, a considerable portion of the sample was vaporized. This might be the reason of erroneous reading of the refractometer. Though the system was assumed to be closed, collection of sample amounts of vapor and liquid might have altered equilibrium compositions at the given temperature. To satisfy equilibrium relationship, the composition of vapor and liquid phase should be constant at the same time. But the result variation may be due to the collect of both the sample at slightly different time that gave a varuation in the liquid composition.
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