( ) Section 1 Vocabulary and Grammar (25 points) This section consists of 3 pans.

Read the directions for each part before answering the questions. The time for this section is 25 minutes. Part 1 Vocabulary Selection In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 1. Jupiter ______ perhaps the most important planet of the solar system. A. was B. were C. is D. will be 2. The common garden pea, also called the English pea, ______ for its edible seeds. A. grows B. is grown C. growing D. grown 3. The olfactory regions of the nose are yellow, richly moist, and ______. A. fully fatty substances B. full, fatty substances C. full of fatty substances D. fatty substances are full 4. ______, the moon is important because it is the nearest to the earth of all heavenly bodies. A. A small world is only in space B. It is only a small world in space C. A small world only in space D. Only a small world in space 5. Training programs for the U.S. Peace Corps are conducted in the country or region ______the volunteer will serve. A. and B. or C. that is D. where 6. This vehicle bounces and glides along the ground ______. A. at an average speed of 40 miles an hour B. of 40 miles an hour at an average speed C. at 40 miles an hour of an average speed D. of an average speed at 40 miles an hour 7. ______ famous queens in the history of England: Elizabeth I and Victoria. A. Two B. There are two C. Between two are D. Are two 8. ______, Charles Darwin did much to disprove common theories about biological evolution. A. He was a highly respected naturalist B. A naturalist was highly respected C. A highly respected naturalist D. Although a highly respected naturalist 9. The African killer bees could not be handled safely, nor ______. A. could their honey be harvested B. their honey could be harvested C. harvested could their honey be D. could not their honey be harvested 10. World War is commonly acknowledged ______ some of the 20th century's most notable poetry. A. and produced B. to produce

C. to have produced D. had produced 11. Playing a major role in the economic life of the United States, ______. A. women currently make up 46 percent of the work force B. currently women make up 46 percent of the work force C. the work force is currently made up of 46 percent women D. 46 percent of the work force is currently made up of women 12. A baby might show fear of an unfamiliar adult, ______ he is likely to smile at another infant. A. if B. whenever C. so that D. whereas 13. The deeper the shade of yellow of the olfactory region, ______ the sense of smell. A. is keener B. keener C. the keener D. the keen 14. One of the most beautiful natural wonders in the United States must certainly be the Grand Canyon, ______ in Arizona. A. and located B. whose location C. is located D. which is located 15. ______ Roman mythology, god Jupiter was accepted as the most powerful one. A. Like B. For C. With D. In 16. Because the United States has little tin, ______ produced in the rest of the world. A. tin is used B. it uses tin C. uses of tin D. uses tin 17. Within an area of only 1.00 miles, Death Valley sinks to 282 feet below sea level while Mount Whitney ______ to a height of 14, 494 feet. A. soaring B. soar C. soared D. soars 18. The cosmopolitan flavor of San Francisco is enhanced by ______ shops and restaurants. A. an ethnic B. its many ethnic C. its ethnicity D. ethnicity 19. ______ that increasing numbers of compact-disc players will be bought by consumers in the years to come. A. They are anticipated B. In anticipation C. Anticipating D. It is anticipated 20. Lilly made no attempt to ______ the problem. A. tackle B. try C. undertake D. achieve Part 2 Vocabulary Replacement This part consists of 15 sentences. In each of them one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C and D respectively. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 21. The two companies are going to merge by the first month of the year. A. become one B. divide into two

C. dissolve D. change owners 22. The old woman is too feeble to cross the street without her nephew's help. A. tired B. weak C. timid D. blind 23. There is no alternative, the president must approve the bill if Congress passes it. A. chance of agreement B. doubt C. other choice D. mistake 24. It is futile to argue with him once he has made up his mind. A. unpleasant B. encouraging C. helpful D. useless 25. He hurled the statue to the floor with such force that it shattered. A. dropped B. pulled C. pushed D. threw 26. He is the most intrepid explorer in the present century. A. successful B. fearless C. reliable D. fearsome 27. It is not easy to remain tranquil when events suddenly change your life. A. superior B. serious C. severe D. serene 28. One symptom of the disease is a high fever. A. symbol B. sign C. cause D. pain 29. He was greatly vexed by the new and unexpected development. A. astonished B. annoyed C. enlightened D. contented 30. The clerk had been insolent to his superior once too often; now he was without a job. A. affectionate B. rude C. dishonest D. sly 31. The picture is tilted. "Please straighten it". A. high B. level C. crooked D. adjustable 32. His employer appeared to be in such an affable mood that Tom decided to ask for a raise. A. despondent B. irresponsible C. agreeable D. uncertain 33. At the end of the valley we turned right, and made for the summit. A. headed for B. went for C. looked for D. searched for 34. Her type of woman can cope with life much more easily. A. look after B. deal with C. take care of D. take advantage of 35. He tried hard to restrain his tears from falling. A. hold on B. hold up C. hold back D. hold out Part 3 Error Correction

This part consists of 15 sentences. In each of them there is an underlined part that indicates an error, and below each, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C and D respectively. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 36. The average age at which people begin to need eyeglasses vary considerably. A. varies B. is varied C. will vary D. has been varied 37. The dense Belgian fogs is caused by the cooling of humid surface air to a relatively low temperature. A. must cause B. will be caused C. are caused D. has been caused 38. That touching toads causes warts are still one of the most widely believed superstitions in America. A. has B. have been C. had been D. is 39. Sir Jonas Hanway was credited for introducing the umbrella into England, but the English were slow to adopt it. A. with B. in C. as D. at 40. The specific gravity of the water in the great Salt Lake is too great that one cannot sink or completely submerge in it. A. so B. very C. such D. indeed 41. Proper lighting is a necessary for good eyesight even though human night vision can be temporarily impaired by extreme flashes of light. A. needful B. necessity C. exigency D. need 42. Everybody wants paying properly for what they do. A. to pay B. being paid C. to be paid D. to be paid for 43. Don't be late. I hate to be waiting for a long time. A. being keeping B. be kept C. to be kept D. be keeping 44. People whose property is stolen should report to the police. A. had stolen B. is being stolen C. had been stolen D. has been stolen 45. He didn't to return earlier than 3 o'clock. A. was not expected B. did not expect C. was expected not D. was not expecting 46. The winner of the Nobel Prize in physics dedicated the honor to his high school physics teacher, he had been an inspiration during his early years. A. who B. whom C. which D. that

47. The voters were overwhelmingly against the candidate his proposals called for higher taxes. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 48. The children should say "thank you" to you when you gave them gifts. A. had said B. be saying C. have said D. saying 49. I locked myself out of my apartment. I didn't know what to do. "You may call your roommate." A. could have called B. might have called C. would have called D. must have called 50. He painted his bedroom black. It looks dark and dreary. He should choose a different color. A. had to choose B. should have chosen C. must have chosen D. could have been choosing Section 2 Reading Comprehension (55 points) In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A, B, C and D) choices to answer the qrestion or complete the statement. You must choose the one which you think fits best. Then blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 75 minutes. A large part of effective leadership is dependent on something called "style". But style is difficult to teach, and what makes one leader great and another mediocre is not easily defined. Leadership always implies power, and a broad definition in this context is that leadership includes the power to influence thoughts and actions of others in such a way that they achieve higher satisfaction and/or performance. Over the past century, there have been three major approaches to understanding leadership. Identifying leadership traits, or the physical and psychological characteristics of leaders, was the first formal approach, and had a lot of intuitive appeal. It owed its origins to the mm of the century (about 1904) when trait studies began. At this time most American leaders came from certain wealthy families, the vast majority were white males, and there were some social norms about what leaders looked like (tall, square jaw, well groomed, etc.). The original assumption that "leaders are born, not made" has been discredited, because there were too many exceptions to the traits to give them any credibility. Beginning after World War II, in sharp contrast to the trait approach, the behavioral approach looked at what a leader does, what behaviors leaders use that set them apart from others. This approach assumed that leadership could be learned. Virtually all of the studies focused on classifying behaviors according to whether they fell into a process or "people approach" (satisfying individual needs), or a "task approach" (getting the job done). The basis for this classification was in the discovery in social psychology that every group needs someone to fulfill both these roles in the group for it to be effective. The earliest of these studies began in Ohio State University and the University of Michigan in the late 1940s. Many of the early trait and behavioral writers tried to make their ideas applicable to all leadership situations. The earliest situational approach to leadership was developed in 1958. This approach strived to identify characteristics of the situation that allowed one leader to be effective where another was not. The trend later developed toward the third approach, understanding the unique characteristics of a situation and what kind of leadership style best matches with these.

51. Which of the following questions does the author answer in Paragraph 1? A. What is "style"? B. Is power the most important aspect of leadership? C. How many main historical approaches have there been to leadership? D. Why is leadership so difficult to define? 52. The word "context" underlined in Paragraph 1 most probably means ______. A. setting B. limit C. generality D. work 53. The assumption that "leaders are born, not made" has lost credibility because ______. A. better theories have since been developed B. there were too many exceptions to the rule C. it was found not to be the most important factor D. it was not proved after World War II 54. According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT one of the three major approaches to understanding leadership? A. Situation. B. Trait. C. Power. D. Behavior. 55. The word "norms" underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. requirements B. acceptance C. preference D. standards 56. The word "them" underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. assumptions B. leaders C. exceptions D. traits 57. What was the assumption of the behavioral approach? A. That leaders are born, not made. B. That leadership could be learned. C. That leadership could be classified into two functions. D. That every effective group needs someone to fill each of the two roles. 58. What is the foundation for the classification of behaviors in the behavioral approach? A. That an effective group needs both task and process roles fulfilled. B. That getting the job done is a more important task than satisfying individual needs. C. That both could be taught. D. That both could be applied to all leadership situations. 59. The word "strived" underlined in Paragraph 2 means ______. A. achieved B. stressed C. tried D. failed 60. Which of the three approaches tended to later gain most acceptance? A. situation B. trait C. power D. behavior Children's literature traces its beginnings to preliterate times, when ancient storytellers passed tales and legends from generation to generation in the oral tradition. William Caxton, who established England's first printing press, published books of etiquette, fables and legends. However, these didn't constitute a body of work that could be considered literature for children. Because children at that time were considered "miniature adults", books were didactic in nature.

The content for young readers consisted mainly of religious instruction, rules of behavior, ethical messages, and moral platitudes. In 1774, Englishman John Newberry changed children's publishing when he began to create books with attractive formats, quality illustrations, and sturdy bindings, that were designed primarily for children to enjoy. The oldest, and most prestigious award given for children's books published in America, is the Newberry Medal. In the following century, children's literature began to bloom. Hans Christian Andersen's wonderful stories like "The Ugly Duckling", and "The Little Mermaid", and Grimm brothers collected two volumes of German folktales that included stories such as "Snow White" and "Rumpelstiltskin". Childhood came to be recognized as a joyful and carefree period of life, and books celebrating it began to be published. Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carrol) wrote the fantasy "Alice in Wonderland", the first book that was intended purely for children's enjoyment without any pretense of instruction. Edwards Lear's books of nonsense poetry delighted both young and old readers. In North America, books for a young audience were becoming popular as well. Kate Douglas Wiggin wrote "Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm", Louisa May Alcott wrote "Little Women", and Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain) created Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. By the end of the century, the pious and moralistic books of earlier times had been replaced by writing designed to amuse and entertain a young audience. In the 1800s color printing was introduced, and by the middle of the 19th century, the rough illustrations that characterized earlier children's books had been replaced by works of art that captured the word and some of the story. 61. The word "constitute" underlined in Paragraph 1 most probably means ______. A. form B. talk C. plan D. look 62. According to the passage, the early books of etiquette, fables, and legends could not really be considered children's literature because ______. A. the children couldn't read them B. the early books were too heavy for children to use C. the stories were too difficult for children to appreciate D. the stories were for education rather than enjoyment 63. According to the passage, what changed children's publishing in 1774? A. The Newberry Medal. B. Some books began to be produced mainly for children to enjoy. C. Some books had attractive formats, quality illustrations and sturdy bindings. D. Some books no longer contained religious instruction rules of behavior, ethical messages and moral platitudes. 64. The word "sturdy" underlined in Paragraph 1 most probably means ______. A. robust B. ornate C. soft D. hard 65. What does the author mean by the statement "children's literature began to bloom" underlined in Paragraph 2? A. Quality illustrations and attractive formats made books more appealing. B. Illustrations often included flowers. C. It became more varied and attractive. D. It became more numerous and popular. 66. The word "it" underlined in Paragraph 2 refers to ______.

A. publishing B. books C. life D. childhood 67. According to the passage, "Alice in Wonderland" was an example of ______. A. a fantasy story B. a German folktale C. a book celebrating childhood D. a book of instruction 68. Who wrote "Little Women"? A. Charles Dodgson. B. Edwards Lear. C. Samuel Clemens. D. Louisa May Alcott. 69. The word "characterized" underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. rejected B. described C. devalued D. amused 70. What impact did color printing have on children's books? A. Sales increased by the middle of the 19th century. B. Rough illustrations were now more appealing. C. Illustrations told more of the story and were more appealing. D. Books became more amusing. Some pioneering work that began as an attempt to discover ways to increase production efficiency led to the founding of the human relations movement in industry and to the development of motivational skills and tools for managers. In 1927 researchers were involved in determining the optimum amount of lighting, temperature, and humidity (with lighting being considered the most important) for the assembly of electronic components at Western Electric. The researchers found that lighting had no consistent effect on production. In fact, production sometimes increased when lighting was reduced to the level of ordinary moonlight! The important part of this experiment began when two Harvard researchers, Elton Mayo and Fritz Roethlisberger, were brought in to investigate these unexpected results further. They found that workers were responding not to the level of lighting but to the fact that they were being observed by the experimenters. This phenomenon came to be known as the Hawthorne effect since the experiments were conducted at the Western Electric Hawthorne Plant. This was the first documented and widely published evidence of the psychological effects on doing work, and it led to the first serious effort aimed at examining psychological and social factors in the workplace. Further experiments were continued for five years. Generally, the researchers concluded from their experiments that economic motivation (pay) was not the sole source of productivity and, in some cases, not even the most important source. Through interviews and test results, the researchers focused on the effects of work attitudes, supervision, and the peer group and other social forces, on productivity. Their findings laid the groundwork for modem motivation theory, and the study of human factors on the job, which continues to this day in such common practices as selection and training, establishing favorable work conditions, counseling, and personnel operations. The contributions of this experiment shifted the focus of human motivation from economics to a multifaceted approach including psychological and social forces. 71. What is the passage primarily about? A. The first widely published development in modem motivation theory. B. Shifting the focus of human motivation from economics to a multifaceted approach. C. The importance of careful research.

D. The results of a pioneering study at Western Electric. 72. The word "optimum" underlined in Paragraph 1 most probably means ______. A. positive B. favorable C. best D. alternate 73. The most significant finding of the original research was ______. A. lighting had no consistent effect on production B. production sometimes increased when lighting was reduced to the level of ordinary moonlight C. that lighting was no more important than the other factors of temperature and humidity D. the results were unexpected and confusing 74. Why does the author say that the important part of this research began when two Harvard researchers were brought in? A. Until then the research had been poorly conducted. B. They took a multifaceted approach. C. The results of the original research did not make sense. D. Harvard had a good reputation in conducting research. 75. The research became known as the "Hawthorne effect" because A. it was the name of the plant where the study was conducted B. it was the name suggested by the Harvard researchers C. it was the name of the principal experimenter D. There were Hawthorne plants growing at Western Electric where the study was conducted 76. The word "it" underlined in, Paragraph 2 refers to ______. A. the experiment B. economic motivation C. the Western Electric Hawthorn plant D. the Hawthorne effect 77. Part of the reason for the change in focus from economics to a more multifaceted approach to the psychological effects on doing work was ______. A. due to the recognition that workers should be happy at work to maintain high productivity B. a general conclusion that pay was sometimes not the most important factor C. because the Hawthorne study continued for so long D. because the workers requested it 78. According to the passage, it can be concluded that a "multifaceted approach" to human motivation in the workplace to ______. A. exclude economics B. lead to greater productivity C. exclude physical conditions D. focus mainly on psychological and social forces 79. The word "multifaceted" underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______. A. versatile B. complex C. many-sided D. multitude 80. Which of the following is NOT true about the Hawthorne study? A. It was the first documented evidence of the psychological effects on doing work. B. The Hawthorne study continued for five years. C. They found that the workers responded not to the level of lighting but to the fact that other work conditions were not favorable.

D. The study changed the focus from economics to a multifaceted approach. Martin Luther King, Jr., is well known for his work in civil rights and for his many famous speeches, among them his moving "I Have A Dream" speech. But fewer people know much about King's childhood. M. L., as he was called, was born in 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia, at the home of his maternal grandfather. M.L.'s grandfather, the Reverend A. D. Williams, purchased their home on Auburn Avenue in 1909, 20 years before M. L. was born. The Reverend Williams, an eloquent speaker, played an important role in the community since so many people's lives centered around the church. He allowed his church and his home to be used as a meeting place for a number of organizations dedicated to the education and social advancement of blacks. M.L. grew up in this atmosphere, with his home being used as a community gathering place, and was no doubt influenced by it. M. L.'s childhood was not especially eventful. His father was a minister and his mother was a musician. He was the second of three children, and he attended all-black schools in a black neighborhood. The neighborhood was not poor, however. Auburn Avenue was the main artery through a prosperous neighborhood that had come to symbolize achievement for Atlanta's black people. It was an area of banks, insurance companies, builders, jewelers, tailors, doctors, lawyers and other black-owned or black-operated businesses and services. Even in the face of Atlanta's segregation, the district thrived. Dr. King never forgot the community spirit he had known as a child, nor did he forget the racial prejudice that was a seemingly insurmountable barrier that kept black Atlantans from mingling with whites. 81. What is this passage mainly about? A. The prejudice that existed in Atlanta. B. Martin Luther King's childhood. C. M. L.'s grandfather. D. The neighborhood King grew up in. 82. The word "eloquent" underlined in Paragraph 1 means ______. A. powerful B. active C. romantic D. fascinating 83. The word "eventful" underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. valued B. memorable C. admirable D. emotional 84. The word "it" underlined in Paragraph 2 refers to ______. A. achievement B. neighborhood C. segregation D. services 85. According to the author, blacks in King's neighborhood were involved in all the following businesses and services EXCEPT ______. A. dentistry B. medicine C. law D. banking 86. The word "tailors" underlined in Paragraph 2 describes people who are associated with ______. A. flower arranging B. shoe making C. garment making D. book binding 87. According to the author, King was influenced by ______. A. community spirit B. black lawyers

C. his mother D. his speeches 88. The word "thrived" underlined in Paragraph 2 refers to ______. A. achieved B. surrendered C. flourished D. held 89. The word,' mingling" underlined in Paragraph 2 refers to ______. A. interfering B. gargling C. consuming D. associating 90. According to the author. M. L. ______. A. had a difficult childhood B. was a good musician as a child C. loved to listen to his grandfather speak D. grew up in a relatively rich area of Atlanta A pilot cannot fly a plane by sight alone. In many conditions, such as flying at night and landing in dense fog, a pilot must use radar, an alternative way of navigating. Since human eyes are not very good at determining speeds of approaching objects, radar can show a pilot how fast nearby planes are moving. The basic principle of radar is exemplified by what happens when one shouts in a cave. The echo of the sounds against the walls helps a person determine the size of the cave. With radar, however, the waves are radio waves instead of sound waves. Radio waves travel at the speed of light, about 300, 000 kilometers in one second. A radar set sends out a short burst of radio waves: Then it receives the echoes produced when the waves bounce off objects. By determining the time it takes for the echoes to return to the radar set, a trained technician can determine the distance between the radar set and other objects. The word "radar," in fact, gets its name from the term "radio detection and ranging." "Ranging" is the term for detection of the distance between an object and the radar set. Besides being of critical importance to pilots, radar is essential for air traffic control, tracking ships at sea, and for tracking weather systems and storms. 91. What is the main topic of this passage? A. The nature of radar. B. Types of ranging. C. Alternatives to radars. D. History of radar. 92. According to the passage, what can a radar detect besides location of objects? A. Size. B. Weight. C. Speed. D. Shape 93. The word "shouts" underlined in Line 5 most probably means ______ A. eavesdrops B. yells C. confesses D. whispers 94. Which of the following words best describes the tone of this passage? A. Argumentative. B. Imaginative. C. Explanatory. D. Humorous. 95. The phrase "a burst" underlined in Paragraph 1 most probably means ______. A. an attachment B. a discharge C. a stream D. a ray 96. The word "it" underlined in Paragraph 1 refers to ______. A. a radar set B. a short burst C. a radion wave D. light 97. Which of the following could best replace the word "bounce" underlined in Paragraph 1?

A. Overturn. B. Groove. C. Extend. D. Rebound. 98. Which type of waves does radar use? A. Sound. B. Heat. C. Radio. D. Light. 99. Which of the following would most likely be the topic of the next paragraph 1? A. Other uses of radar. B. Uses of sonar technology. C. Other technology used by pilots. D. A history of flying. 100. What might be inferred about radar? A. It takes the place of a radio. B. It gave birth to the invention of the airplane. C. It developed from a study of sound waves. D. It has improved navigational safety. Section 3 Cloze Test (20 points) In the following passage, there are 20 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. You are to put back in each of the blanks the missing word. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 20 minutes. The central problem of economics is to satisfy the people's and nation's wants. The problem we are faced with is that our (1) , here identified as money, are (2) . The only way we can resolve our (3) is to make choices. After looking at our resources, we must examine our list of (4) and identify the things we need (5) , those we can postpone, and (6) we cannot afford. As individuals, we face the central problem involved in economics deciding just how to allocate our limited resources to provide ourselves with the greatest (7) of our wants. Nations face the same problem. As a country's population (8) , the need for more goods and services grows (9) . Resources necessary to production may increase, but there are (10) enough resources to satisfy the total desires of a (11) . Whether the budget meeting is taking place in the family living-room, in the conference room of the corporation (12) of directors, or in the chamber of the House of Representatives in Washington, the basic problem still exists. We need to find (13) of allocating limited resources in order to satisfy unlimited wants. A short time ago, economists divided goods into two categories, free and economic. The former, like air and water, were in (14) abundance that economists had no concern about (15) of scarcity and what to do about it. Today many of these "free goods" are in (16) very expensive to use. Pollution has made clean air and water expensive for producers who have to filter their waste products, for consumers who ultimately pay for the producers' extra costs, and (17) tax-payers who pay for the government's involvement in cleaning the environment. In the 1990s, almost all goods are (18) . Only by effort and money can they be (19) in the form people wish. Meeting the needs of people and the demands from resources available leads to the basic activity of production. In trying to (20) unlimited wants from limited economic goods, production leads to new problems in economics. Section 1 Part 1

1C [] S+V+P() C 2B [] B 3C [] substances yellow moist fatty richly moistfull of fatty C 4D [] () A B () C D 5D [] the country or region D 6A [] at a speed of... at an average speed of 40 miles an hour 40 A 7B [] A CD B 8C [] A B D although he is C 9A [] (soneithernor) nor A 10C [] be acknowledged to/as The mill produces what is widely acknowledged to be the finest wool in the world ( ) C 11A [] (women) currently A 12D [] D 13C [] the deeper...the keener... C 14D [] D 15D [] Jupiter( ) ( Zeus

) inD 16B [] B 17D [] while Death Valley sinks to..., Mount Whitney soars to... D 18B [] shops and restaurants A CD B 19D [] (increasing numbers of compact-disc players will be bought by consumers in the years to come) D 20A [] tackle the problem A Part 2 21A [] merge Abecome one Bdivide into two Cdissolve Dchange owners A 22B [] feeble Atired Bweak Ctimid Dblind B 23C [] alternative ( )Achance of agreement Bdoubt Cother choice Dmistake C 24D [] futile Aunpleasant Bencouraging Chelpful Duseless D 25D [] hurl A drop ( ) ( ) Bpull Cpush Dthrew D 26B [] intrepid A successful B fearless Creliable Dfearsome B 27D [] tranquil Asuperior Bserious Csevere Dserene D 28B [] symptom Asymbol Bsign Ccause Dpain B 29B [] vexed A astonished B annoyed C enlightened

Dcontented B 30B [] insolent D affectionate Brude Cdishonest Dsly B 31C [] tilted A high B level Ccrooked Dadjustable C 32C [] affable A despondent B irresponsible Cagreeable Duncertain C 33A [] make for ( ) Ahead for Bgo for Clook for Dsearch for A 34B [] cope with Alook after Bdeal with Ctake care of Dtake advantage of B 35C [] restrain A hold on Bhold up Chold back Dhold out C Part 3 36A [] the average age A 37C [] fogs C 38D [] that D 39A [] credit somebody with (doing) something ( ) Evans is credited with inventing the system. () A 40A [] so...that...is so great that... A 41B [] ( ) a A Bnecessity ()Cexigency ()Dneed ( ) B 42C [] want to be paid C 43C []

keep somebody waiting ( ) I'm sorry to have kept you waiting to be kept waiting C 44D [] ) ( D 45A [] He A 46A [] He the winner teacher A 47B [] the candidate B 48C [] should/ought to+ have+ -ed [] C 49A [] + can/couldmay/mightmust +have +ed can may A 50B [] should/ought to+ have+ -ed B Section 2 51C [] Over the past century, there have been three major approaches to understanding leadership ( ) C 52A [] in thiscontext A A 53B [] The original assumption that "leaders are born, not made" has been discredited, because there were too many exceptions to the traits to give them any credibility. ( ) B 54C [] trait studies behavioral approach situational approach C 55D []

 At this time most American leaders came from certain wealthy families, the vast majority were white males, and there were some social norms about what leaders looked like (tall, square jaw, well groomed, etc.). ( )______ trait studies D 56D [] them the traits( ) C too...to... 57B [] ...the behavioral approach looked at what a leader does, what behaviors leaden use that set them apart from others. This approach assumed that leadership could be learned. ( ) B 58A [] The basis for this classification was in the discovery in social psychology that every group needs someone to fill both these roles in the group for it to be effective. ( []) A 59C [] The earliest situational approach to leadership was developed in 1958. This approach strived to identify characteristics of the situation that allowed one leader to be effective where another was not. The trend later developed toward...( ) 1958 )______ D 60A [] trait studies( 1904 ) behavioral approach( ) situational approach( 1958 ) 61A [] William Caxton( ) ______ constitute A 62D [] (didactic) D 63B [] 1774 John Newberry() B

64D [] sturdy A robust Bornate ()Csoft Dhard 65D [] _____ D 66D [] it D 67C [] 66 Charles Dodgson(Lewis Carrol) the fantasyAlice in Wonderland() C A 68D [] Louisa May Alcott wroteLittle Women D 69B [] ______ characterized B 70C [] 69 C 71D [] Elton Mayo and Fritz Roethlisberger the Western Electric Hawthorne Plant (the Hawthorne effect) D 72C [] 1927 ______ ()optimum C 73A [] 72 (The researchers found that lighting, had no consistent effect on production) A 74B [] Elton Mayo and Fritz Roethlisberger ()( ) B 75A []

 A 76D [] it D 77B [] ( ) B 78B [] 77 B 79C [] ______ multifaceted C 80C [] A B D C C 81B [] B 82A [] ( ) Williams eloquent A 83B [] ( M.L.) eventful B 84B [] Auburn Avenue B 85A [] 84 BCD A A 86C [] tailors C 87A [] M.L. M.L. M.L.

 A 88C [] Auburn Avenue ( 84 ) ______ thrived C 89D [] M.L. ______ mingling D 90D [] 84 M.L. D 91A [] A 92C [] Since human eyes are not very good at determining speeds of approaching objects, radar can show a pilot how fast nearby planes are moving. ( ) C 93B [] ( ) shouts B 94C [] C 95B [] 8 Radio waves travel at the speed of light, about 300, 000 kilometers in one second. A radar set sends out a short burst of radion waves. Then it receives the echoes produced when the waves bounce off objects. ( ______ /)a short burstof radion waves B 96A [] 95 it A 97D [] 95 Then it receives the echoes produced when the waves bounce off objects. ( ()______/)/ D 98C [] ?With radar, however, the waves are radio waves instead of sound waves. ( ) C 99B []

 ( A) ( C) ( D) B ( / ) B 100D [] In many conditions, such as flying at night and landing in dense fog, a pilot must use radar, an alternative way of navigating. ( ) D Section 3 (1)resources[] 3 After looking at our resources...resources (2)limited[] ...deciding just how to allocate our limited resources to... limited (3)problem[] ______ problem (4)wants[] needs wants () wants wants (5)immediately[] ______ ______() immediately (6)those[] (5) those (7)satisfaction[] ______ satisfaction (8)grows[] ______ ______ grows() (9)correspondingly[] (8) correspondingly (10)never[] ____________

( but ) never (11)nation[] (10) ( ) nation (12)board[] ______ a board of directors the corporation board of directors / board (13)methods[] ______ methods (14)such[] such...that such ( free goods) such (15)study[] study (16)reality[] ______ in reality reality (17)for[] Pollution has made clean air and water expensive...( ) for producers who have to filter their waste products, for consumers who ultimately pay for the producers' extra costs, and ______(17) tax-payers who pay for the government's involvement in cleaning the environment (18)scarce[] ______ ______ scarce (19)obtained[] (18) obtained (20)meet[] meet