By: De Rosal, Ign. Moses S.

http://docs.oracle.com/javase/

Content
Java Structure Compile & Running Program Language Basics
Variables Data Types Operators

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Scanner Class Control Flow Looping

JAVA STRUCTURE

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Java Program Structure

Java must have a public class
Start with public static void main(String[]args)

There are two kinds of java programming:

GUI-based Text-based

Syntax to declare class:

[modifier] [class] class_name{
}

Example
modifier class_name

main program

Details Halo.java
Define class and modifier That can be compiled and executed by the JVM

Details (2) Halo.java

Main program and first time it is run by JVM Public : one of modifier String : type of argumen Static : type of method Args : Array of argumen which can be added while Void : no return value running Main : main method

Details (3) Halo.java

Function to display text in console

println after display text produce a new line just display text

COMPILE AND RUNNING

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Compiling Program
Complie javac name_file.java

Compiling Program
Complie will produce class file

Running Program
Running .class java class_file without

LANGUAGE BASIC

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Variables
The Java programming language is staticallytyped, which means that all variables must first be declared before they can be used. The Java programming language defines the following kinds of variables:
Instance Variables (Non-Static Fields) Class Variables (Static Fields) Local Variables Parameters

Naming Variables
Variable names are case-sensitive Must start with a letter (a-z, A-Z), the dollar sign "$", or the underscore character _ after the first character, can be followed by numbers(0-9). Variable names contain dash (-) or space ( ). Beginning with lowercase on the first word and uppercase letters in the second and subsequent words. Also keep in mind that the variable names you choose must not be a keyword or reserved word.

Java Language Keywords

abstract assert*** boolean break byte case catch char class const*
* ** *** ****

continue default do double else enum**** extends final finally float

for goto* if implements import instanceof int interface long native

new package private protected public return short static strictfp** super

switch synchronized this throw throws transient try void volatile while

not used added in 1.2 added in 1.4 added in 5.0

Instance Variables
Can be access with instance class

Class/Static Variables
Can be access with static class

Local Variables

declare local variable within method

Parameters

Primitive Data Types

Data type boolean byte short int long Length 1 bit 8 bit 2 byte / 16 bit 4 byte / 32 bit 8 byte / 64 bit range of values 0 and 1 -128 to 127 (-27 to 27) -32,768 to 32,767 (-215 to 215) -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 (-221 to 221) -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to +9,223,372,036,854,775,807. (-263 to 263) 1.40129846432481707e-45 to 3.40282346638528860e+38 4.94065645841246544e-324d to 1.79769313486231570e+308d 0 to 65,535 (unsigned) Example 0; 1 -5; 10 -12,777; 31,578 -2,107,483,448 ; 2,145,483,638 9,103,372,036,854,775,807

float double char

4 byte / 32 bit 8 byte / 64 bit 2 byte / 16 bit

Default Values
Data Type byte short int long float double char String (or any object) boolean Default Value (for fields) 0 0 0 0L 0.0f 0.0d '\u0000' null false

Operators
Operators are symbols and special characters (mathematics) used in an expression
Example:
int x = 3; int y = x; int z = x * y; boolean status = true;

Operators (2)

Operators (3)
Arithmetic Operators
perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulo.

Unary Operators
require only one operand perform incrementing/decrementing a value by one, negating an expression, or inverting the value of a boolean.

The Equality and Relational Operators

determine if one operand is greater than, less than, equal to, or not equal to another operand.

Operators (4)
Conditional Operators
perform Conditional-AND and Conditional-OR operations on two boolean expressions.

Bitwise and Bit Shift Operators

To manipulated bit pattern less commonly used.

Ex: Unary Operator

Ex: Bitwise and Bit Shift Operators

Ex: Bitwise and Bit Shift Operators(2)

Operator Priority
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Operator in bracket or parentheses "(...)" Increment and decrement operators Multiplication and division operators Addition and subtraction operators Bitwise operators

Try Out Operator

Change the following program to use assignments operator!!!

Try Out Operator answer

CLASS SCANNER

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Class Scanner
Import: java.util.Scanner;
A simple text scanner which can parse primitive types and strings using regular expressions. For example, this code allows a user to read a number from System.in:

Class Scanner (2)

Import: java.util.Scanner;

nextInt(): to receive integer data type nextShort(): to receive short data type nextLong(): to receive long data type nextDouble(): to receive double data type nextFloat(): to receive float data type nextLine(): to receive string data type nextBoolean(): to receive boolean data type

Ex: Class Scanner

Result Ex: Class Scanner

Ex: Class Scanner (2)

Result Ex: Class Scanner (2)

CONTROL FLOW STATEMENTS

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Control Flow Statements

Control Flow Statements consist of: Decision making statements,
if-then executed only if a particular test evaluates to true if-then-else Switch the switch statement can have a number of possible execution paths.

Looping statements, and

For While do-while

Branching statements
Break Continue return

Ex: IF ELSE

Ex: Switch

Try Out Decision Making Statements

Calculates the number of days in a particular month:
Number of Days in February 2012= 29 Number of Days in February 2011= 28 Number of Days in January, March, May, July, August, October, December = 31 Number of Days in April, June, September, November = 30 Clue: use if else and switch statement

With scanner

output

LOOPING

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While Statement
The while statement continually executes a block of statements while a particular condition is true. Its syntax can be expressed as:

Ex: While Statement

Do-While Statement
The difference between do-while and while is that do-while evaluates its expression at the bottom of the loop instead of the top. Therefore, the statements within the do block are always executed at least once.

Ex: Do-While Statement

The for Statement

The for statement provides a compact way to iterate over a range of values. Programmers often refer to it as the "for The general form of the for statement can be expressed as follows:

Ex: For Statement

Ex (2): For Statement

The break Statement

The break statement has two forms: labeled and unlabeled. You can use unlabeled in switch statement, or to terminate a for, while, or do-while loop. You can use labeled for loops to search for a value in a two-dimensional array.

Ex: unlabeled break Statement

Ex: labeled break Statement

The continue Statement

The continue statement skips the current iteration of a for, while , or do-while loop. The unlabeled form skips to the end of the innermost loop's body and evaluates the boolean expression that controls the loop A labeled continue statement skips the current iteration of an outer loop marked with the given label.

Ex: unlabeled continue Statement

Ex: labeled continue Statement

Assignment
Make a simple calculator to:
addition, substraction, multiplication, division Use Class Scanner

NOTES

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Escape Sequence Character

A character preceded by a backslash (\) is an escape sequence and has special meaning to the compiler. The following table shows the Java escape sequences:

Ex: Escape Sequence Character

Method printf()
The printf( ) method automatically uses Formatter to create a formatted string.
String format

args

Method printf() Result

Another Ex: printf()

Printf() to command line summary

Source : http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Java/0120__Development/printftocommandlinesummary.htm

Integer Literals

Floating-Point Literals

THANKS
Contact: moses.dinus@gmail.com