Equations of Physics 322 - Magnetism

DHC 01/21/2013

By the end of the course you should know all these equations, their interrelationships, and whether they are
empirical or derivative. Other equations will be given or their derivation may be required.
Know grad, div, curl, and
2
in Cartesian coordinates only.
Know or derive relations between unit vectors in Cartesian, cylindrical polars, and spherical polars

Lorentz force law: F = mv = q(E +v B) uF = Iul B uF = J Bu
3
r derive
c
=
qB
m

Biot-Savart law: uB(r) =

0
Idl(r-r
|
)
4n|r-r
|
|
3
Continuity equation v. J = -
0p
0t

v B = p
0
J or B. ul
C
= p
0
I
cnc
Amperes law v A = B B =

0
NI
L
z inside solenoid
v. A = u v
2
A = p
0
J A(r) = ]

0
J(r
|
)d
3

|
4n|r-r
|
|
(Coulomb gauge only)
m = I ] uS
S
= IS for a current loop. Recognise m =
1
2
]r J(r)u
3
i and A
dIpoIc
=

0
4n
(mr)

2


u
m
= -m. B N = m B F = -Vu v M = J
b
M n = K
b


H =
1

0
B -M V H = J
I
M = _
m
H B = (1 +_
m
)p
0
H = p

p
0
H = pH
I = 0I =
v
R
J = oE =
1
p
E R =
pI
A
0 =
1
R
=
cA
I
J oule heating P = I
2
R power/vol = J. E = oE
2

e = -
d4
dt

c
= ] B. uS
S
= A. ul
C
] E. ul
C
= -
d4
c
dt
v E = -
B
t
Faradays law
= II I = I
dI
dt
For a solenoid: derive I =

r

0
N
2
A
I

u =
1
2
II
2
=
1
2
]A. J u
3
r = ]
1
2
0
B
2
u
3
r
2
= H
21
I
1
I
2
= -H
21
dI
1
dt
H
21
= H
12
= H
Poynting vector: S =
1

0
E B u
cm
=
c
0
L
2
2
+
B
2
2
0
Momentum density
dP
cm
dv
=
S
c


Maxwells equations: (i) v. E =
p
c
0
(ii) v. B = u (iii) v E = -
B
t
(iv) v B = p
0
J +p
0
e
0
E
t

Wave equation in vacuum: v
2
E =
1
c
2

2
F
t
2
c
2
=
1

0
c
0

Monochromatic plane wave: E = E
0
c
(h.r-ot)
= (E
0x
x +E
0
y)c
(kz-ot)
if h = kz
h. E = u = h. B B =
hE
o
intensity I = S =
c
0
cL
2
2
= u
cm
c pressure P = Ic (if fully absorbed)
Maxwells in matter: v. D = p
]
v E = -
B
t
v. B = u v H = J
I
+
D
t

Boundary conds: n. (D
2
-D
1
) = o
]
n (E
2
-E
1
)

= u n. (B
2
-B
1
) = u n (H
2
-H
1
)

= K
I

In linear materials only: D = e

e
0
E B = p

p
0
H v
2
E =
1

2

2
E
t
2
: =
c
n
=
c

c
r