Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Olof Samuelsson
Outline
Substation
Source: vattenfall.se
Substation functions
Voltage transformation (reduction) Power transformer Connection point for local networks Switchyard for network configuration Bus bars, bars circuit breakers, breakers disconnectors Monitoring point for control center Potential and current transformers Fuses and other protection
Substation
Layout
Substation
Circuit breaker
S d USA Sweden Open Closed
Interrupts large current Several kA Short-circuit current Hidden contacts Control Protection systems Manual remote Design challenge Speed and current
Substation 7
e:ABB Source
Disconnector / Isolator
Interrupts small current Load current Visible interruption Manual control or motorized Design challenge: Weather
Sweden USA Open Closed
Open p
Closed
Source: Nicklasson Lund University / LTH / MIE / Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation Substation 8
Current transformer
Reduces current Typically 1000/2 A Current monitored Control center Protection equipment P, Q transducers
B Source:ABB
Substation
10
Voltage/potential transformer
Reduces voltage Typically x kV/110 V Voltage monitored Control center Protection equipment P, Q transducers Al C voltage lt di id Also divider
Substation 11
Sou urce:ABB
O Overvoltage lt trap t Alternative to air gap Nonlinear resistance Short-circuits high voltages o tages to ground g ou d
Source: ABB Lund University / LTH / MIE / Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation Substation 12
Source: Lakervi
SF6 gas g Isolates much better than air - reduces size Greenhouse gas
Lund University / LTH / MIE / Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation Substation 13
Transmission towers
400 kV
750 kV
Substation
14
Source: Nicklasson
Insulator disks
Voltage level
Source:Glover & Sarma
Number of disks
Substation
15
Substation
16