MTH 207 Elementary Statistics Scatterplots, Correlation, and Regression by hand Four different sets of data: Fat Grams

and Calories by Type of McDonalds Hamburgers

Type Hamburger Cheeseburger Quarter Pounder Quarter Pounder w/Cheese Big Mac Grams of fat (X) 10 14 21 30 28 Calories (Y) 270 320 430 530 530

Percentage Taking SAT and Mean Math SAT for Western States
State Alaska Arizona California Colorado Hawaii Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Percentage Taking SAT 48 29 45 30 54 15 22 32 12 50 4 46 12 Mean Math SAT 517 522 514 539 512 539 548 509 545 524 570 523 543

Value and Total Circulation of United States Currency

Denomination $1 $2 $5 $10 $20 $50 $100 Total circulation ($) 6253758057 548577377 1468874833 1338391336 4093739605 932552370 2640194345

Year and Percentage of Twelfth Graders who have ever used Marijuana
Year 1987 1988 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 Percent Used Marijuana 50.20 47.20 40.70 36.70 32.60 35.30 38.2 41.70 44.90

How can you see the relationship between the variables? Scatter plots can help us see the relationship between two quantitative variables.

Relationship of Fat and Calories in McDonald's Burgers

Relationship of Math SAT and Percent Taking Exam

570.00 560.00 550.00 540.00

550.00

500.00

450.00

400.00

s e i r o l a c

530.00

T A S h t n a e M
10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00

350.00

520.00 510.00 500.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00

300.00

250.00

fat

Percentage Taking SAT

Value and Total Circulation of U.S. Currency

Year of Twelfth Graders and Percentage Who Have Smoked

7E9 6E9 5E9 4E9 3E9

40.00 45.00 50.00

) $ ( n u c r i C l a t o T

2E9 1E9 0E0 0 20 40 60 80 100

1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996

u j i a M d s U t n c r e P
35.00

Denomination

Year

Chapter 12 - The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient r measures the strength of the linear relationship between the paired x and y values in a sample. r=

( x X )( y Y ) ( x X ) ( y Y )
2

or

r=

XY ( NXY ) ( X NX ) ( Y NY )
2 2 2 2

1 r 1 Judging the strength of the linear relationship according to Cohen (1988), the following can be concluded: r = +/- .50 are considered strong r = +/- .30 are considered moderate r = +/- .10 are considered weak Find correlation of McDonalds fat/calories using above formulas
Typ e Hamburger Cheeseburger Quarter Pounder Quarter Pounder w/Cheese Big Mac Grams of fat (X) 10 14 21 30 28
Mean =

Calories (Y) 270 320 430 530 530

Mean =

X Y

X2

Y2

regression line is a straight line that describes how a response variable y changes as an explanatory variable x changes. We often use a regression line to predict the value of y for a given value of x. Regression, unlike correlation, requires that we have an explanatory variable and a response variable. Remember y = mx + b? Now we just call it something slightly different Y = a + bX where b =

XY ( NXY ) X NX
2 2

and a = Y bX

b is the slope, and a is the y-intercept (constant) Regression Line for McDonalds Data

If a new hamburger has 250 calories, it will have __________ grams of fat.

Correlation:

r=

(X

XY ( NXY )
2

NX 2 Y 2 NY 2

)(

)
XY X2 Y2

pondant 1 2 3 4 5

Res

Fathers Education (X) 10 10 12 14 14

Mean =

Respondants Education (Y) 10 11 12 13 14

Mean =

Y = a + bX

where b =

XY ( NXY ) X NX
2 2

and a = Y bX