INDIAN POWER SECTOR OVERVIEW

Power : The Building Block of Economy

Electricity- the most imp. Infrastructural input in the dev. & growth of economy. Consumption of electricity- imp. Index of advancement of the country & standard of living. Economic growth rate of 8-9% on a sustained basis is necessary for us to catch up with the rest of the world.

POWER SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Generation
Dhuvaran

Primary Transmission(132/220/400/765KV)
Karamsad CB

Xmer Sending end SS (11/220kV) GCET

Power Plant

CB Bus-bar

220 kV

Steel Tower

Primary Grid (220/66 kV)

Bus-bar

Commercial/ Industrial Customer

66 kV Transmission

Secondary Transmission(66/132KV)
Urban Customers Distribution Transformer Primary (11/0.415 kV)

Distribution

V V Nagar

Secondary Distribution
Underground Cable

Secondary Grid
(66/11 kV)

Distribution Pole
To Other Residential Customer

Residential Customer

Substations

66Kv

An Analogy Power System vs Human Body

RLDC::Brain

Generation :: Heart
USER

Sub-Transmission :: Sub-Arteries

Distribution :: Capillaries

Transmission :: Main Arteries

The Generation
Human Body Power System Blood Pressure Voltage Heart Beat Frequency The Pulse 72 Beats/Minutes 50 Cycles/Seconds Cause Stress/Anxiety Load-Gen.-Mismatch Risk Heart Beat Deviation Frequency Deviation

GENERATION
Thermal Power Plant Hydro Power Plant Nuclear Power Plant Diesel Power Plant Gas Power Plant Combine Cycle plant Solar Tidal Wind Geothermal Bio-mass Fuel cells

INSTALLED CAPACITY OF INDIA AS ON 01.07.2011

Installed Capacity of India

ER, 23972, 13% SR, 50849, 28% NER, 2329, 1% NR, 47489, 27%

WR, 54512, 31%

NR

WR

SR

ER

NER

Installed Capacity :

1,79,151 MW

Source wise composition of installed capacity in India (1,79,151 in 2011)

AS on 01-07-11

4780 3%

18626 11%

38387 22%

Hydro Thermal Nuclear Wind & Others

114448 64%

ALL INDIA GENERATION COMPOSITION

26.3, (3%) 114.3, (14%)
Total Market Size = 805.5 BU

Thermal Hydro Nuclear

664.9, (83%)

Total Installed Capacity 1,79,151 MW

Sector wise consumption of electricity in India

6% 5% 35% Industry Domestic Railways Agriculture Commercial Others

29% 22%

3%

Total Installed Capacity 1,79,151 MW

ALL INDIA MARKET COMPOSITION

(1,79,151 in 2011) AS on 01-07-11
26.3, (3%) 114.3, (14%) Thermal Hydro Nuclear

664.9, (83%)

PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION IN KWh

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

0 Canada Sweden United States United Arab Emirates Australia New Zealand Taiwan Japan Switzerland Singapore France Germany Israel United Kingdom Saudi Arabia Korea, Rep Russian Federation Italy Greece South Africa U.S.S.R. (former) Malaysia Brazil Iran, Islamic Rep Thailand Turkey Iraq Namibia Egypt China Zimbabwe Korea, Dem People's Rep India Indonesia Pakistan Viet Nam Sri Lanka

PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION COMPARED

HYDRO RESOURCES

RESOURCES ARE FAR AWAY FROM LOAD CENTERS. NECESSITATES LONG TRANSMISSION LINKS FOR EVACUATION

DELHI

Source: Powerline KOLKATTA MUMBAI (Siemens Ad), Oct-2006 COAL BELT BANGALORE CHENNAI

AREAS SHOWN ARE APPROXIMATE AND INDICATIVE

EHV Infrastructure
TRANSMISSI ON VOLTAGE

OWNERSHIP CENTRAL STATE JV/Pvt.

TOTAL

Circuit Kilometer

+ 500 kV HVDC 765 kV 400 kV 220 kV Total

5,948 4,014 69,836 10,374 90,172

1,504 409 30,252 1,22,990 1,55,155

1,472 0 4,710 423 6,605

8,924 4,423 1,04,798 1,33,787 2,51,932

Renewable Energy : Wind Power

India: 5th Largest Wind Power Producer

Total Renewable Energy Sources ~ 19 GW

Wind Installed Capacity ~ 11 GW

Estimated Wind Potential ~ 45 GW

Renewable Energy : Wind Power

Wind Speed: 6.0 m/s Wind Speed: 6.4 m/s Wind Speed: 7.0 m/s Wind Speed: 7.5 m/s Wind Speed: 8.0m/s

Map showing the solar radiation across India

SolSolar Powe Solar Power Solar Power Potential Potential r Potential If tropical India were to convert just 1% of the 5,000 trillion kilowatt-hour of Potential solar radiation (or, arSolar Power simply, sunlight) it receives a year into energy, the Power country will have enough Potential to meet its energy needs.

In most parts of India, clear sunny weather is experienced 250 to 300 days a year. The annual global radiation varies from 1600 to 2200 kWh/sq.m. The equivalent energy potential is about 6,000 million GWh of energy per year. The highest annual global radiation is received in Rajasthan and northern Gujarat.

Thermal, Nuclear and Hydro

Installed capacity of power plants in India till 01st July, 2011 was around 175 GW of which
Thermal contribution is about 65% Nuclear provides 2.8% of electricity generated Hydro contribution is about 21.6% (Exploitable potential 60% at 84000 MW) Renewables 10.6%

Indias Energy Needs

6% increase in GDP would contribute to 9% increase in energy demand Energy intensity is energy consumption per unit of GDP High energy intensity points to energy wastages in economy which can be minimised through efficient use of energy Indias energy intensity is 3.7 times of Japan, 1.55 times of USA, 1.47 times of Asia and 1.5 times the world average Ratio for developed countries < 1

Electricity Demand Projections

Year
Total Electricity Required ( Billion kWhr) Installed Capacity (MW)

7% 2011-12 2016-17 2021-22 2026-27 2031-32

Source: Energy Policy Report, Planning Commission, India

GDP Growth Rate 8% 7%

1097 1524 2118 2866 3880 206757 276143 368592 480694 627088

8%
219992 305623 424744 574748 778095

1031 1377 1838 2397 3127

Growth of Indias Power Sector

serious growth after the 60s
200 180
Installed Generation Capacity (GW)

160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Growth of the Indian Power Sector : INSTALLED CAPACITY

INSTALLED CAPACITY went up from1.36 GW in 1947 to more than 179 GW as of 01.07.11;

Or a targeted 9.5% growth in the power sector, a capacity addition of 78,577 MW has been proposed for the 11th Plan

Operation performance of power stations- salient features Gross annual generation crossed 800 BU (811 BU) Gross monthly generation figure has crossed 75 BU mark (75.5 in Mar11) Gross daily generation figure has crossed 2.5 BU mark (2.508 on 18th Mar11) Nuclear generation achieved a remarkable growth rate of 41.04% due to improved availability of nuclear fuel Generation from hydro based plants improved with a growth rate of 10.01% due to revival of good monsoon after 2 successive yrs of deficit rainfall conditions.

Operation performance of power stations- salient features

Thermal generation achieved a growth rate of 3.81%. Coal based generation achieved a growth rate of 3.99%. Average PLF of the thermal based plants was 75.1% as compared to 77.68% in 2009-10. 53 stations with an aggregate installed capacity of 53827.5 MW achieved PLF of national average 19 thermal stations with an aggregate installed capacity of 21995 MW operated above 90% PLF. Operational availability of thermal stations marginally reduced to 84.24% from 85.10 % during the previous yr. Growth rate in respect of liquid fuel based GTs, multi fuel stations as well as DG sets had a negative growth rate.

Reasons for low PLF compared to last year

Increased forced outages of plants Unscheduled/extended plant maintenance of some thermal units Forced shut down/ backing down due to raw water problems, coal shortages and receipt of poor quality coal Receipt of lower schedule from beneficiary states.

Plant Load Factor

1 per cent increase in PLF effectively means capacity addition of approx 1000 MW (requiring nearly Rs.4000 Cr.) Increasing the PLF of SEB plants would reduce the cost of supply and benefit the SEBs.

Indian Power Sector Long Term Trends

India is 3rd largest economy 1 Potentially 3rd largest electricity market globally By 20302
(KWH bn)

(US$m m ) 15 13.2

8,000
5,619

5,971

10.1
10

4,000
5 4.25

4.1 2.6 2.1

UK

1,730

1,641 1,151 776 871

2.0
France

1.8
Italy

1.7
Brazil

1.7
0 Japan India Russia China US

Canada

Germany

China

India

Japan

Russia

Estimated to be the fastest growing economy In the world by 20122

10 GDP Growth %

Indian Power Sector characterized by huge energy shortages(3)

800

8.8% 8.8% 7.1% 559 546 498 519 680 8.4% 632 7.3% 591 548 579 620

10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0%

(MU)
700 600
5

500 400
0 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 Brazil China India Russia Germany

300 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07

Energy Requirement (Normative) Shortage (%)

Energy Availability (Normative)

Brazil

US

Source: (1) World Bank; (2) International Energy Outlook 2006; (3) Report of Working Group on Power for Eleventh Plan (2007-12)

37

MAJOR REASONS FOR POWER SECTOR ILLS

Inadequate power generation capacity; Lack of optimum utilization of the existing generation capacity; Inefficient use of electricity by the end consumer; Inadequate inter-regional transmission links; Huge T&D losses (theft) and skewed tariff structure, making SEBs unviable.

Optimum utilization of the existing generation capacity through R&M

Old SEB units performing at low efficiency due to lack of R&M / poor maintenance. States unable to undertake R&M because of funds constraints. R&M is a cost effective (Rs 1 Cr/MW for thermal and Rs 60-70 Lakh/MW for hydro) and quick return option for increasing generation (new capacity @ Rs 4-5 Cr/MW). 170 thermal (11,000 MW) and 35 hydel (3,000 MW) units identified for R&M by CEA. 90 BU (20% of current annual generation) expected through R&M

Growth of Indian Power Sector: TRANSMISSION SYSTEM Required development of high voltage transmission system did suffer in the early years. During 80s, when NTPC had the jurisdiction of creating HV transmission system along with their super thermal power stations, transmission side of the industry got a boost. Subsequently, PGCIL was formed out of NTPC and from 1992, PGCIL has added significantly towards creation of HV transmission system and development of the national grid Transmission sector opened up for private sector participation with the amendment of the ES Act in 1998

Inadequate inter-regional transmission links

Uneven distribution of power resources (coal, hydel,etc.) Transporting coal costlier than transmitting power. Scenario of simultaneous surplus (ER) and shortage (Other
regions)

Existing interregional transmission capacity only about 22350

MW

Electricity Act 2003 Main features

Delicensing electricity generation Mandating restructuring of state electricity boards to separate transmission (wires business) and trade Allowing for open access on transmission and distribution networks Facilitating electricity trading Mandating the establishment of SERCs in each state. Liberalizing captive or self-generation Setting up the Appellate Tribunal for Electricity (ATE)

Electricity Act 2003 Main features In addition, the focus was widened to upgrade and improve the financial and operational efficiency of the distribution companies. A massive funding scheme of the GoI called the Accelerated Power Development and Reform Program (APDRP) was initiated to provide funds to State Electricity Boards and distribution companies to improve system efficiency and provide incentives for better performance.

NEP 2005 The National Electricity Policy 2005, which introduced the concept of universal service, mandated that all villages should be electrified by 2007-2008 and all households by 2011-2012.

NEP 2005 The National Electricity Policy 2005, which introduced the concept of universal service, mandated that all villages should be electrified by 2007-2008 and all households by 2011-2012.

Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPPs) under the competitive bidding route, are expected to add substantial thermal capacity. In 2008, the GoI promulgated the Hydro Power Policy to encourage private investments, improve resettlement and rehabilitation and enhance the financial viability of hydropower development. Earlier in 2007, the MoP had issued the approach and guidelines for the development of merchant power plants (MPPs). Two main programs of the GoI are aimed at improving electricity distribution. The APDRP provides loans and grants to augment investments in distribution system upgrades. The Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikiran Yojana (RGGVY), launched in 2005, aims at electrifying all villages and providing access to electricity to all rural households over a period of four years. Petroleum and

Two main programs of the GoI are aimed at improving electricity distribution. The APDRP provides loans and grants to augment investments in distribution system upgrades. The Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikiran Yojana (RGGVY), launched in 2005, aims at electrifying all villages and providing access to electricity to all rural households over a period of four years.

Evolution of Grid Interconnection in India

National Regional

State
Local

1950s

1960s

1970s

1990s

EVOLUTION OF POWER SYSTEM IN INDIA

PRE INDEPENDENCE - SMALL ISOLATED SYSTEM PRIOR TO 60s - GENERATION/TRANSMISION BY SEBS DURING 60s - LIMITED INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN NEIGHBOURING STATES 70s - EMERGENCE OF CENTRAL SECTOR GENERATION ( NTPC/NHPC/NUCLEAR ETC.)

PLANNING OF GENERATION/TRANSMISSION ON REGIONAL BASIS

LATE 80s INTEGRATED GRID OPERATION THROUGH 400kV SYSTEM LATE 90s - ASYNCHRONOUS INTER REGIONAL LINKS LONG DISTANCE HVDC LINKS / B2B STATIONS

Isolated systems Isolated systems developed in and around industrial & urban areas Establishment of CEA under the Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948 for coordinated development of Power Sector The Act also provided for formation of State Electricity Boards (SEBs) in the States

State Grid Systems

The systems around urban and industrial areas grew into full fledged State Grid systems The country was demarcated in to five Regions for the purpose of coordinated power sector planning Regional Electricity Boards were established in each of the regions for facilitating integrated operation of state systems Inter-state lines were planned which were treated as Centrally sponsored schemes.

Regional Grid System

1975: Central Sector generation utilities created Benefits of these to be shared by the states of the region. Construction of associated transmission system for evacuation of power as well as delivery of power to the constituent states, also entrusted to these corporations Focus of planning and development in the transmission system shifted from State Grid system to Regional Grid system By the end of 1980's strong regional networks came into existence.

Inter Region Links

1989: Power Grid Corporation of India formed to give thrust to implementation of transmission system associated with Central generating stations few inter-regional links were also planned and developed to facilitate exchange among the various regions (limited to emergency situations) resource planning as well as grid operation and consequently the operational frequencies of various regions continued to be Region specific.

National Grid Focus of planning the generation and the transmission system shifted from the orientation of regional self-sufficiency to the concept of optimization of utilization of resources on All India basis A strong National Grid system would enable such an all-India generation planning and development

Five Regional Grids Two Frequencies

August 2006 North synchronized With Central Grid

NEW Grid

March 2003 West synchronized With East & Northeast October 1991 East and Northeast synchronized
Central Grid

South Grid

North
East

West
South Northeast

MERGING OF MARKETS

Five Regional Grids Five Frequencies

Installed Capacity 179 GW

TOWARDS FORMATION OF NATIONAL GRID

Ministry of Power has envisaged the establishment of an integrated National Power Grid in the country by the year 2012 with an inter-regional power transfer capacity of about 37,700 MW. The exploitable energy resources in our country are concentrated in certain pockets. As a result, some regions do not have adequate natural resources for setting power plants to meet the future requirements whereas others have abundant natural resources. This has necessitated the formation of National Power Grid to transmit power from resource rich to deficit area as well as facilitate scheduled/ unscheduled exchange of power

Objectives underlying the formation of National Grid To transfer power from surplus regions to deficit regions Utilise maximum diversified regions resources from

Ensure reliable, economical and quality power

Perspective transmission plan upto 2012

Cumulative Capacity of Interregional links 30000

MW
30000 25000 20000

14000 15000 10000 4950 5000 0 Existing 2007 2012

Growth in Inter-regional Transmission Capacity

36700 MW

Source: CEA

IR CAPACITY : 22350MW

Growth of Inter Regional Exchanges

INTER-REGIONAL TRANSFER BY END OF 11th PLAN (2012)

3000 MW
NORTHERN REGION

4180 MW

13620 MW
NORTHEASTERN REGION

6660 MW
WESTERN REGION EASTERN REGION

2840 MW

3780 MW 3620 MW
SOUTHERN REGION

37,700 MW OF INTERREGIONAL POWER BY 2012

Source: CEA

Transmission System for Hydro development in NER

30-35 GW of Hydro potential in North-eastern Region 10 GW from Sikkim and Bhutan Substantial power from this region would be required to be transmitted to NR/WR over distances exceeding 2000 km. Right of way constraints in the chicken neck area. Hybrid network of EHVDC and high capacity 400 kV AC developed.

Acquiring Right of Way (ROW) for constructing transmission system is getting increasingly difficult. This necessitates creation of high capacity Transmission Highways , so that in future, constraints in ROW do not become bottleneck in harnessing natural resources

Four major power regions of the country namely, North-Eastern, Eastern, Western and Northern are now operating as one synchronous grid.

NATIONAL GRID :THE ADVANTAGES

STRONG BACKBONE ANYWHERE TO ANYWHERE TRADING ECONOMIC OPERATION OPTIMAL UTILISATION OF SCARCE NATIONAL RESOURCES HARNESS DIVERSITY
SAVING OF 13,000 MW BY YEAR 2012

ADDED STABILITY BOUNDARY-LESS OPERATION HUB AND SPOKE ARRANGEMENT GENERATORS HAVE READY EVACUATION PATH THE NATIONAL GRID ENVISAGED BY POWERGRID IS A HYBRID NETWORK COMPRISING A 765 kV HUB WITH 400 kV AC AND 500kV HVDC SPOKES

765 KV RING MAIN SYSTEM

URI W AGOORA D ULHASTI RAVI SAT LUJ

THE POWER HIGHWAY

K IS H E N P U R

JULLAN DHAR MOGA BALLABG ARH (D E L H I R IN G ) H IS S A R M 'B A D B E A R IL L Y LU CKNO W G 'P U R M 'P U R PURNEA VARANASI S IL IG U R I/B IR P A R A 500M W SATNA B IN A SEO NI S IP A T KORBA R A IP U R W ARDA CHANDRAPUR 1000M W V IN D H Y A CHAL BARH KAH ALG AO N B 'S H A R IF M A IT H O N JAM SHEDPUR A 'P U R MEERUT TEHRI

C H IC K E N N E C K

BHUTAN
T EESTA TALA RANG ANADI B O N G A IG A O N

D IH A N G D A M W E KATHALGURI M A R IA N I

NR

J A IP U R

B H IW A D I

AGRA

S H IR O H I
25 00 MW

ALLAH ABAD /U N N A O M ALANPUR S IN G R A U L I

M IS A BADARPUR T IP A IM U K H

ZERDA

DEHGAM

NAGDA

GANDHAR/ L IM B D I AM RELI KAW AS CHEGAON JE T P U R VAPI BHANDARA P IP A V A V B O IS A R TARAPUR AKOLA

NO RTH KARANPURA

NER
B A N G LA DESH

H IR M A

ER

R O UR KELA

P A D G H EA M R A V A T I DHABOL KO YNA

W RP A R L I L O N IK A N D
KARAD

TALCHER JEYPO RE

KO LH APUR

SR
NARENDRA S IR S I

RAM AGUNDAM W M 00 20
W

G AZUW AKA

CHEAP HYDRO POWER FROM THE NORTHEAST AND PIT HEAD THERMAL POWER FROM THE EAST ENTERS THE RING AND EXITS TO POWER STARVED REGIONS

V IJ A Y A W A D A

K A IG A

20

00

PONDA

K R IS H N A P A T N A M C H IT T O O R

M YSORE

BANG ALO RE HOSUR SOUTH CHENNAI LEGEND X PLAN E X IS T IN G / IX P L A N 7 6 5 K V L IN E S 4 0 0 K V L IN E S H V D C B /B H V D C B IP O L E N A T IO N A L G R ID XI PLAN

K O Z H IK O D E

S IN G A R P E T PUG ALUR CUDDALORE SALEM K A R A IK U D I

LA KS HA DW EE P

C O C H IN KAYAM KULAM T R IV A N D R U M

KAYATHAR KU DANKULAM

Control Centres
Bulk electric power systems comprise of hundreds of generating units interconnected by an intricate web of transmission & distribution spread across vast geographical stretches. For ensuring a reliable and quality supply to the consumers, the power system must be operated within the prescribed reliability standards. The system operators positioned at wellequipped control centres provide the coordination services that are vital for operating the system within the operating limits.

Load Despatch Centers in India The control of the grid is planned to be done at 3 levels of hierarchy namely NLDC, RLDC and SLDC.

Each level of hierarchy has definite roles and responsibilities

Surplus Regions

NR NER
2300

Hierarchy of Indian Power System

National Grid

1 5

ER WR
Regional Grids

State Utilities

33

Deficit Regions

Role of NLDC
NLDC
Economy and Efficiency of National Grid Monitoring of operations and grid security of National Grid Restoration of synchronous operation of National Grid Trans-national exchange of power Feedback to CEA & CTU for national Grid Planning Dissemination of information Levy and collection of fee and charges - CERC Disse Supervision

Coordinate

Supervision & control

RLDC
Coordinate

Inter Regional Links Accounting

RPC for regional outage Plan

Role of RLDC

RLDC

Exclusive functions

Real time operation , control & contingency analysis Generation scheduling/ re-scheduling Restoration Metering & data collection Compiling & furnishing of operation data Operation of Regional UI pool Account. Reactive energy account and Congestion charge account Operation of ancillary services

Role of RLDC
RLDC
Apex body

for integrated operation

Comply the directions

Directions

SLDC State

Central
For ST Open AccessNodal Agency

Licensee Generating company Generating station / Substations any other concerned person

Functions optimum scheduling and despatch of electricity Monitor grid operation Keep accounts of electricity transmitted Exercise Supervision and control over the ISTS Real time operations

Role of SLDC
SLDC Apex body in a State
Ensure compliance Monitor grid operations Directions and Keep accounts of electricity exercise transmitted supervision and Activities of control Licensee, Real-time operation generating company, exercise supervision and control generating station, sub-station Power System and any other concerned person Optimum scheduling and despatch Directions

State

RLDC

Planning Code for Inter State Transmission

meticulous planning in various time horizons viz. long-term, mid-term, short-term and real-time, required CEA & CTU in coordination with STU responsible for long term planning in an integrated manner Operational planning in the other time horizons and operation in real time to be taken care of by the RLDCs & SLDCs The Indian Electricity Grid Code (IEGC) lays down the rules, guidelines and standards to be followed by the various agencies and participants in the system

Intra-State STU

Inter-state CTU

Intra-State STU

Transmission schemes for planning and coordination

Transmission schemes for planning and coordination

CEA
83

Role of RPC
RPC
Facilitate the stable and smooth operations of the system Functions: regional level operation analysis facilitate inter-state/inter-regional transfer of power facilitate planning of inter-state/intrastate transmission system coordinate maintenance of generating units coordinate maintenance of transmission system protection studies Planning for maintaining proper voltages Consensus on issues related to economy and efficiency

MS SRPC shall certify Availability of transmission system Prepare Regional Energy Account, Weekly UI, Reactive & Congestion charge account

Decisions

RLDC/SLDC/CTU/ STU/ Users

Role of CTU
CTU
to undertake transmission of electricity through ISTS Planning shall operate RLDC

to ensure development of an efficient, coordinated and economical ISTS

STU ISTS lines Central Govt.

State Govt. RPC

State1

CTU/to provide non-discriminatory Open Access Will not engage in trading and generation For LTOA & MTOA nodal agency

Generating State2 Companies CEA Licensees

85

Role of STU
STU
to undertake transmission of electricity through intra-state transmission system Planning shall operate SLDC

to ensure development of an efficient, coordinated and economical intra-state

transmission system
Intra-state transmission system

CTU

State Govt. Generating Companies Licensees

RPC STU/to provide non-discriminatory Open Access

CEA

Role of CEA
will formulate short-term and perspective plans for transmission system
specify technical standards for construction of electrical plants, electric lines and connectivity to the grid specify safety requirements for construction, operation and maintenance of electrical plants and electrical lines specify grid standards for operation and maintenance of transmission lines specify conditions for SEMs Promote and assist timely completion of schemes To collect and record electrical data- cost, efficiency To carry out investigation ( Electrical system) Shall Prepare National Electricity Plan (NEP)

Objectives of Planning Code

To specify the principles, procedures and criteria which shall be used in the planning and development of the ISTS and inter regional links. To promote co-ordination amongst all users, STU/SLDC and CTU/RLDC and NLDC in any proposed development of the ISTS. To provide methodology and information exchange amongst users, STU/SLDC and CTU/RLDC and NLDC in the planning and development of the ISTS.

Scope of planning code

Connected to/using/developing ISTS CTU ISGS GC

ISTS SEBs STU Licensees IPP

Objective specify principles, specify procedures specify criteria promote coordination 89 information exchange

Generation/Transmission of energy to/from ISTS

Planning Philosophy
Long-term plan (10-15 years) Annual plan (5 year forward term)
CTU

CEA
inter/intra state transmission system continuously updated to reflect load projections and generation scenarios NEP Avoid congestion

Identification of major inter state/regional lines including system strengthening schemes

Planning schemes shall also consider: CEAs: Long-term perspective plan Electric Power Survey of India report Transmission Planning Criteria and guidelines RPC Feedback NLDC/RLDC/SLDC feedback CERC Regulations Renewable capacity addition (MNRES)

90

Planning philosophy (contd...)

System strengthening schemes by CTU:
shall be done in consultation with CEAs Standing Committee for Transmission System Planning:

Planning
On the basis of PPA No PPA/ no consensus CTU may approach CERC in accordance with CERC (Grant of Regulatory approval for Capital Investment to CTU for execution of ISTS)

Planning data:
submission by STUs/Users to CTU:
91

Planning philosophy (contd...)

Voltage management by:
capacitors, reactors, SVC and FACTs similar exercise by STU

STU shall plan to evacuate power from ISTS ISTS & intra-state transmission systems are complementary & interdependent If LTA Applications require strengthening of intra-state transmission system applicant shall coordinate with STU
92

Planning Data Under the Planning Code, the Regional entities, STUs, State Generating Companies, IPPs, licensees are required to supply two types of data: i) Standard planning data ii) Detailed planning data

Implementation of Transmission Plan

The actual program of implementation of transmission lines, Interconnecting Transformers, reactors/capacitors and other transmission elements will be determined by CTU in consultation with the concerned users and STUs.

The completion of these works, in the required time frame, shall be ensured by CTU through the concerned persons

Conclusion
The formation of the NEW grid has taken us from regional grid operation to national grid operation. Advantage regional grids: able to reap all the benefits associated with synchronous interconnection Risk: regional grids to handle the inherent risks of a Large Grid Greater emphasis on network reliability, protection systems, grid discipline and handling emergencies.

Thank you