CE 331, Fall 2010 Example: Roof Truss Analysis 1 / 6 In this example, a parallelchord steel roof truss is analyzed for

typical dead and roof live loads. The photo below shows a truss girder (painted gray) supporting the roof of a gymnasium. Figure 1. Truss girders (gray) supporting bar joists (white) supporting metal roof deck for a gymnasium The truss girder in the photo is supported by columns (not seen in Figure 1) and supports bar joists at the panel points (chord connections) and midway between the panel points. A similar truss girder is analyzed in this example, except that the bar joists are located at the panel points only. Information about truss girder members is presented below. Table 1. Truss girder components. Type Member Shape Available Strength ( Pn) Chords WT 6 x 20 160 k (compression) Diagonals LL 2.5 x 2.0 x 3/16 73 k (tension) Verticals LL 2.5 x 2.5 x 3/16 43 k (compression) The total weight of truss girder (self weight) is 4.05 k, and the bar joists weigh 9 plf. Other roof components are listed below. Roof & Ceiling: 20 ga metal deck Waterproof membrane with gravel 1 thick Perlite insulating roof boards Heating & cooling ductwork Steel suspended ceiling Acoustic Fiber BoardCE 331, Fall 2010 Example: Roof Truss Analysis 2 / 6 8 @ 10 Plan View Front Elevation View

6 bar joist metal decking Side Elevation of Roof Framing 8 @ 10 6 3 @ 25 truss girder barjoists truss girder column 3 @ 25Example Roof Truss Analysis 3 / 6 Stability & Determinacy assume that truss is externally statically determinate for gravity loads Num_Forces = 33 + 3 = 36 Num_Eqns = 18 x 2 = 36 therefore stable & determinate Dead Load Roof & Ceiling Wt: weight, psf 20 ga metal deck 2.5 Waterproof membrane with gravel 5.5 Fiberglass insulation 0.7 Heating & cooling ductwork 4 Steel suspended ceiling 2 Acoustis Fiber Board 1

Total 15.7 psf use 16 psf Structural Model of Truss truss girder self wt 4.05 k = 4.05 k / ( 80 ft x 25 ft ) = 2.03 psf 18.03 psf bar joist wt 9 plf P D int (dead load at an interior panel point) = 18.025 psf x 25 ft x10 ft = 4.51 k due roof, ceiling wt & truss girder = 9 plf x 25 ft = 0.225 k due purlin wt 4.73 k P D ext (dead load at an exterior panel point) = 18.025 psf x 25 ft x 10/2 ft = 2.25 k due roof, ceiling wt & truss girder = 9 plf x 25 ft = 0.225 k due purlin wt 2.48 k 7 @ 4.73 k 2.48 k 2.48 k Structural Model of Truss Dead Loads on Truss GirderExample Roof Truss Analysis 4 / 6 Live Load Roof live load = Lr

= (20 psf) R1 0.6 <= R1 <= 1.0 R1 = 1.2 0.001 At At = 25 ft x 10 ft/panel x 8 panels = 2000 sf R1 = 1.2 0.001 x 2000 sf = 0.60 Lr = 20 psf x 0.6 = 12 psf P Lr int = 12 psf x 25 ft x10 ft = 3.00 k due roof live load P Lr ext = 12 psf x 25 ft x 10/2 ft = 1.50 k due roof live load 7@3k 1.5 k 1.5 k Factored Load Pu = 1.2 P D + 1.6 P Lr Live Loads on Truss Girder Pu PU_int = 1.2 (4.73 k ) + 1.6 (3 k) = 10.476 k PU_ext = 1.2 (2.48 k ) + 1.6 (1.5 k) = 5.376 k

7 @ 10.476 k 5.376 k 5.376 k Live Loads on Truss Girder Factored Loads on Truss GirderExample Roof Truss Analysis 5 / 6 Maximum Chord Compressive Force Draw deflected shape of loaded truss. Identify chord with max. compressive force. The top "fibers" of the beam are in compression, and the fibers in the middle of the beam have the maximum compression. Therefore, the top chord in the middle of the truss has the max. compressive force. Calculate the force in the top chord of Panel #4 4 @ 10.476 k 5 376 k C T 5.376 k 5 R = [7 ( 10.476 k) + 2 ( 5.376 k) ] / 2 = 42.042 k M about Pt 5 = 0: (f_top) ( 6 ft ) (42.042 k 5.376 k ) ( 4 x 10 ft) + (3 x 10.476 k) (20 ft) = 0 f_top 139.7 k in panels at midspan Check the strength of the chords factored force in member (Pu ) <? Available strength (c Pn )

Pu 139.7 k C Pn 160 k OK f_top R C TExample Roof Truss Analysis 6 / 6 Maximum Diagonal Tensile Force Looking at the parallelchord truss as if it were a beam, the max. shear occurs near the supports analagous beam (assume load is uniformly distributed along beam) shear bending moment Therefore Therefore, cut cut the the truss truss inin the the first first panel panel toto calc calculate ulate ma maxx. dia diagonal gonal force force 5.38 k 6 ft 11.66 ft 10 ft 42.04 k FV = 0: 42.042 k 5.376 k 6 / 11.66 x f_diag f_diag 71.3 k in end panels Check the strength of the diagonals Tu 71.3 k T Pn 73 k OK

f_diag