HYDROLYSIS

HYDROLYSIS
CONTENTS
1. Fundamentals 2. Objective and application 3. Transformations of raw materials 4. Technological factors 5. Equipments

1. Fundamentals
Hydrolysis

Catalysts: chemical or biochemical

Chemical catalysis

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Van Viet Man LE HCMC University of Technology

HYDROLYSIS 2. Objective and application

Catalysts Organic acids Inorganic acids Alkalines Comparison Cellulose

HYDROLYSIS 2. Objective and application

Objective: exploitation Starch

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Van Viet Man LE HCMC University of Technology

HYDROLYSIS 2. Objective and application

Objective: processing Sucrose Starch Protein

HYDROLYSIS 3. Transformation of raw materials

Chemical Hydrolytic reaction Sucrose + Water Catalyst Products: invert sugar and residual sucrose Hydrolytic yield Glucose + Fructose

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Van Viet Man LE HCMC University of Technology

HYDROLYSIS 3. Transformation of raw materials

Chemical Hydrolytic reaction Starch Gelatinization Liquefaction Saccharification

HYDROLYSIS 3. Transformation of raw materials

Chemical Hydrolytic reaction Protein + Water Catalyst Main products: amino acids and peptide Hydrolytic yield Amino acids + Peptide

Catalyst Main products: sugars (mono/disaccharide), oligosaccharide, dextrin Hydrolytic yield

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Van Viet Man LE HCMC University of Technology

HYDROLYSIS 3. Transformation of raw materials

Chemical Other reactions Starch: Hexose degradation: fufurol, hydroxymethylfufurol, caramel Reaction between hexose and amino acid (Ex: Maillard reaction) Hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, degradation of other compounds in the raw material

HYDROLYSIS 3. Transformation of raw materials

Chemical Other reactions Protein Degradation of amino acids: desamination, decarboxylation Reactions between amino acids and reducing sugars Hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, degradation of other compounds in the raw material

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HYDROLYSIS 3. Transformation of raw materials

Chemical Other reactions By-products Positive impact on food quality Negative impact on food quality Control and regulation of by-product formation

HYDROLYSIS 3. Transformation of raw materials

Physical Density Volume Temperature Physico-chemical Biological Biochemical

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HYDROLYSIS 4. Technological factors

Concentration of substrate Catalyst and concentration of catalyst Temperature/ pressure Time

HYDROLYSIS 4. Technological factors

Example: Starch hydrolysis for maltose production [S]=40-43% HCl: 0.20-0.25% of substrate T=140 -143oC, P=0.28-0.32 MPa t=20 min

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HYDROLYSIS 4. Technological factors

Relationship between reaction time and hydrolytic yield Example: Sucrose hydrolysis

HYDROLYSIS 5. Equipments
According to working pressure: Hydrolysis at atmospheric pressure

t = (2,303/k) x log[Co/(Co-Ct)]
Co: Initial concentration of substrate Ct: Concentration of substrate after hydrolytic time t K: Reaction rate constant

Hydrolysis under high pressure

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HYDROLYSIS 5. Equipments
Equipment working at atmospheric pressure
1- Cylinder; 2- Jacket for heating; 3- Motor; 4Mixer; 5- Substrate inlet; 6- Product outlet.

HYDROLYSIS 5. Equipments
Equipment working under high pressure
1- Product recovery from the vapor release; 2Vapor outlet; 3- Pressure valve; 4- Pressure gauge; 5- Substrate inlet; 6Cylinder top; 7- Catalyst inlet; 8- Safety gauge; 9Tube for steam supply; 10Tube for sampling; 11Steam distributor; 12Product outlet

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Van Viet Man LE HCMC University of Technology

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HYDROLYSIS 5. Equipments
According to the operation procedure: Batch hydrolysis Environment protection Continuous hydrolysis Development tendency

HYDROLYSIS 5. Equipments
Safety regulation

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