EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE Y...

http://210.212.24.72/~kscsteuser/digital-library/digi...

Search All text

Print

within

using

All words

[01.Agriculture] [02.Biotechnology] [03. Chemical Sciences] [04. Earth System Science] [05. Engineering Science] [06. IT and Computer Science] [07. Environmental .. Wild life][08. Health Science] [09. Life Science] [10. Physical Science]

01-57 01. Agriculture Fishery and Veterinary Sciences

EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE YIELD OF OYSTER MUSHROOM, PLEUROTUS FLORIDA (FR.)SINGER
Geetha D, Suharban M and Minimol K
Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani 1. Introduction Oyster Mushroom, Pleurotus florida (Fr.) Singer is edible fungi suitable for cultivation in Kerala. The genus Pleurotus was first established by Fries in 1821. Cultivation of Pleurotus in natural habitat like tree stumps and logs was first described at the beginning of 20th century (Falck, 1917). The yield of mushrooms depends on the quality of substrate, cultural practices, environmental conditions during cropping and genetic make up of the strain (Niranjana Das et. al. 2001). Availability of nutrients from the substrate is most critical for obtaining optimum yield of mushroom (Wood and Fermor, 1985). Work done at different locations in India and abroad have proved that the commercial preparations of growth hormones stimulated the mycelial growth and yield under invitro conditions. The spray of such formulations on mushroom beds stimulated the pinning initiation which resulted in early pinning as well as high yield of mushrooms. Most of the mushrooms yielded during first 15days of cropping cycle (Ahlawat, 2004 and Suharban and Nair, MC 1992). The present study was taken up to evaluate the effect of growth regulators on the mycelial growth and yield of oyster mushrooms. 2. Materials and Methods The study was conducted in the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 2005-07.The spawns of

1 of 4

01/04/2013 03:46 PM

EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE Y...

http://210.212.24.72/~kscsteuser/digital-library/digi...

Pleurotus florida were prepared using paddy grains following the standard method of Sinden (1934). Mushroom beds were raised using paddy straw following the poly bag method of cultivation (Baskaran et. al. 1978). The straw was sterilized chemically by treating with a mixture of 500ppm formalin and 75 ppm bavistin for 18 hrs (Gokulapalan et. al. 1989). 500g paddy straw and 100g spawn were used for preparing a bed. 16 treatments were maintained ( Table1 ) and three replications were kept for each treatment. After 15 days of bed preparation, the different treatments were applied by spraying on the beds at the rate of 50ml per kg of straw. A second spraying was given at the time of pinhead formation and the nature of mycelial growth and the total yield of mushroom from three harvests were recorded. Control beds were sprayed with sterile distilled water. 3. Results The mycelial growth was thick and cottony in Gibberellic Acid (GA) and Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) treated beds (T2 & T3, T8, T9 and T10) compared to control beds. Both hormones at 50 and 100 ppm were found to favour maximum mycelial growth and below and above concentrations of this range produced thin feeble growth of mycelium (Table 1). But a reverse trend was observed in the case of Kinetin. At lower concentrations viz. 10 and 15 ppm (T11 and T12), it produced medium thick mycelial growth and at higher concentrations the mycelial growth was found to be thin and feeble (T13, T14 and T15). Control beds showed moderate mycelial growth. Among the different hormones tried, the highest yield was recorded in beds sprayed with IAA at100ppm followed by 50ppm and 150ppm. Compared to control, 49.40percent increase in yield was observed in 100ppm IAA treated beds. GA was found to be the next best growth hormone which at 50ppm produced a yield of 351.66g (14.05per cent increased yield) followed by kinetin at 15ppm (T12) which showed 7.24 percent increase in yield compared to control. Kinetin was found to favour least in respect of mushroom production. Among the different concentrations tried, Kinetin 15ppm could only produce significantly higher yield compared to control. As the concentration of GA and IAA increased a corresponding yield increase was observed reaching peak production respectively at 50 and 100ppm and thereafter a reduction in yield was observed. Table 1: Effect of growth regulators on the mycelial growth and yield of P .florida

Treatments

Nature of Mycelial Growth*

Average Yield (g)

Percent difference in Yield

T1- Gibberellic Acid (GA)- 10ppm T2- Gibberellic Acid- 15ppm T3- Gibberellic Acid- 50ppm T4- Gibberellic Acid- 100ppm T5- Gibberellic Acid- 150ppm T6- Indole Acetic Acid (IAA)- 10ppm T7- Indole Acetic Acid- 15ppm T8- Indole Acetic Acid- 50ppm T9- Indole Acetic Acid- 100ppm T10- Indole Acetic Acid- 150ppm T11- Kinetin- 10ppm T12- Kinetin- 15ppm

+++ ++++ ++++ +++ ++ ++ +++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++

292.33 303.33 351.66 306.66 201.66 252.66 253.66 401.66 460.66 383.33 241.66 330.66

5.189 1.621 +14.05 0.541 34.59 18.05 17.73 +30.26 +49.40 +24.32 21.62 +7.24

2 of 4

01/04/2013 03:46 PM

EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE Y...

http://210.212.24.72/~kscsteuser/digital-library/digi...

T13- Kinetin- 50ppm T14- Kinetin- 100ppm T15- Kinetin- 150ppm T16- Control

++ ++ + +++

168.33 173.33 146.66 308.33

45.41 43.78 52.43

CD (0.05)

48.02

++++ +++ ++ +

- Thick, cottony, fluffy mycelial growth - Medium thick cottony growth - Thin & feeble mycelial growth - Very thin & feeble mycelial growth

But kinetin was found to promote mushroom production at lower concentrations and drastic reduction in yield was noticed in higher concentrations. Nayar and Bozark (1997) reported reduced vegetative growth of P . florida in higher concentrations of IAA and they reported GA as the best hormone for mycelial growth followed by IAA. Besides cell elongation, IAA promotes cell division that is responsible for the regulation of growth and development and also helps in mycelial elongation. Suharban and Nair (1992) reported increased mycelial growth and yield of P .sajor-caju in beds sprayed with 50ppm Indole Butyric Acid. 4. Conclusions Oyster mushrooms are edible mushrooms highly appreciated for their culinary properties and broad adaptability under varied agro-climatic conditions. The yield of oyster mushroom is highly variable and timely production of healthy crop is very important when marketing aspects are concerned. Growth regulators IAA (50 and 100 ppm) and GA (50ppm) can be successfully used for getting timely healthy mushroom crop. Two times application, one at 15 days after spawning and another at pinhead formation stage are required for best results. 5. References 1. Ahlawat O P (2004). Growth regulators or hormones for yield increase in mushroom cultivation. Mush. Production Technology for Entrepreneurs, pp. 154-157. 2. Baskaran T L, Sivaprakasam K and Kandaswamy T K (1978). Compact bag method- a new method for increasing yield of Pleurotus sajor-caju . Indian J. of Mush. 4 (2): 10-12. 3. Falck R (1917). Uber die Waidkultur des Austernpilzes ( Agaricus ostreatus) auf Laubholzstubben. Zeitscchrift fur. Forst-und Jagdwesen 49 :159-165. 4. Fries E M (1821). Systema Mycologicum I, Lundae Goyphiswaldae, p. 520. 5. Gokulapalan C, Geetha D, Suharban M and Nair M S (1989). Effect of chemically treated paddy straw on yield of oyster mushroom. Indian Journal of Mushroom 15 (1):23-25. 6. Nayar S and Bozzark S (1997). Action of IAA in Pleurotus florida cultured in various conditions and its relation to growth. Israel J. of plant sciences 45 :19-22. 7. Nilanjana Das, Mahapatra S C and Chattopadhyay R N (2001). Effect of hormones on the yield of oyster mushrooms, P .florida . Indian J. of Mushrooms 9 :39-40. 8. Sniden J W (1934). Mushroom spawn and methods of making the same. U S Patent 2 :844-861. 9. Suharban M and Nair M C (1992). Effect of growth regulators on the yield of P .sajor-caju (Singer). Proceedings of the 4th Kerala Science Congress. p. 107.

3 of 4

01/04/2013 03:46 PM

EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE Y...

http://210.212.24.72/~kscsteuser/digital-library/digi...

10. Wood D A and Fermor T R (1985). In: The Biology and Technology of the cultivated mushrooms. Wiley. U K. pp. 43-61.

4 of 4

01/04/2013 03:46 PM