Espaol

noroeste oeste suroeste norte centro sur noreste este sureste

GCSE Vocabulario y Gramtica 1:

Media & Culture, Sports & Leisure, and Personal Information
Mi nombre: Mi clase:

Contents

Page

Course overview Core language (reminder from KS3) TV Types of film Visit to the cinema
Reviewing a film Biography of a famous person Story writing and narrative

1 2-4 5 6 7
8-9 10 11

Pocket money Free time Technology The Olympic sports Sports

Healthy lifestyles Words for a and the and alphabet Pronouns (I, you, he, she..)

12 13-16 17- 18 19 20 -21

22-26 27 28

Regular PRESENT TENSE Irregular PRESENT TENSE Question words GUSTAR

VERBS + Infinitive (Useful structures) Regular PRETERITE TENSE Irregular PRETERITE TENSE

29 30-31 31 32
33-35 36 37

The IMPERFECT TENSE Regular FUTURE TENSE

38 39

Irregular FUTURE TENSE The CONDITIONAL TENSE The PERFECT TENSE The PLUPERFECT TENSE The SUBJUNCTIVE
AR regular verbs list ER/IR regular verbs list Irregular verbs YO form present Radical-changing verbs list Direct Object Pronouns

40 41 42 43 43-44
45-46 47 48 49 50

Common Errors (to avoid!) Numbers Dates, months and time Expressions of frequency & linking words Time expressions Intensifiers, comparatives, adverbs, positions High-frequency words and expressions
Prepositions Colours - Adjectives Comparatives and superlatives Personal Identification

51-53 54 55 56 57 58 59
60 61-63 64 65

Describing people Family At home Miscellaneous Parts of the body, illness and health problems Food and drink

66-68 69-72 73 74 75-77 78-83

The GCSE Spanish course covers the following topics: Speaking and Writing Topics Media and Culture - Music/Film/Reading, Fashion/Celebrities/Religion, Blogs/Internet Sports and Leisure - Hobbies/interests, Sporting Events, Lifestyle Choices Travel and Tourism - Holidays, Accommodation, Eating (food and drink) Business, Work and Employment - Work Experience/Part-time Jobs, Product or service Information Listening and Reading Topics Out and About - Visitor Information, Basic Weather, Local Amenities, Accommodation, Public Transport, Directions Customer Services and Transactions - Cafes and Restaurants, Shops, Dealing with Problems Personal Information - General Interest, Leisure Activities, Family and Friends, Lifestyle (healthy eating and exercise) Future Plans, Education and Work - Basic Language of the Internet, Simple Job Advertisements, Simple Job Applications and CV, School and College, Work and Work Experience
This booklet contains the topics Media and Culture, Sports and Leisure and Personal Information, General 1 Vocabulary and essential grammar.

KS3 Spanish Core Language 1

Pronouns

tener to have
tengo I have

ser to be
soy eres es somos I am you are

estar to be
estoy ests
est

yo I t you l/ella he/she Usted you (polite, sing.) nosotros we vosotros you (fam.pl.) ellos/ellas they Ustedes you (polite, pl.)

I am you are
he/she is/you are
(pol.sing)

tienes
tiene tenemos tenis

you have he/she/y ou have

(pol.sing)

he/she is/you are

(pol.sing)

we have you have

(fam.pl.)

we are you are

(fam.pl.)

estamos estis
estn

we are you are

(fam.pl.)

sois
son

Time words ahora now antes before despus after hoy today ayer yesterday maana tomorrow otra vez - again siempre always a menudo often a veces sometimes nunca never la semana pasada last week la semana que viene next week

tienen

they/you have
(pol.pl.)

they/you are (pol.pl.)

they/you are (pol.pl.)

Referring to things una cosa a thing esto this eso that algo (ms) something (else) otro (an)other mucho a lot (un) poco (a) little muy very todo all/everything

Referring to places aqu here all - there Making links

Asking questions Por qu? why? Qu? what? Cundo? when? Dnde? where? Quin? who? Cunto(s)? how much/many? Cmo? how?

puedo/puede quiero/quiere

y and o or tambin also pero but Opinions porque because con with Pienso que I think that sin - without Creo que I believe that Me parece que it seems Sentence building that.. I can/he,she can I want to/he,she wants to
I have to/he has to + verb Im going to/he is going to I (dont) like to/he doesnt like to

Saying what you did

fui I went hice I did v I saw jugu I played com I ate beb I drank

tengo que/tiene que voy a/va a (no) me (le) gusta

me (le) encanta me (le) gustara

I love to/he loves to I/he/she would like to

KS3 Spanish Core Language 2

Time words ahora now antes before despus after hoy today hoy en da nowadays hace aos - years ago ayer yesterday maana tomorrow el ao pasado last week el ao que viene next week
Referring to places aqu here all - there

Presente soy/ es
estoy/ est

Pasado (Imperfecto) era

estaba

I am/ s/he/it is
I am/ s/he/it is

I was/ s/he/it was

I was/ s/he/it was

hay
tengo/ tiene

there is/ there are

I have/ s/he/it has

haba
tena

there was/ there were

I had/ s/he/it had Saying what you did
habl hablaste habl I spoke you spoke

Comparing

Asking questions Por qu? why? Qu? what? Cundo? when? Dnde? where? Quin? who? Cunto(s)? how much/many? Cmo? how?

Making links tambin also no..tampoco neither sin - without Sentence building
(no) puedo / puede

ms...que more than menos..que less than tan + adj + como as.as tanto(a,os,as) + noun + como as many..as

he/she is/you spoke

(pol.sing)

hablamos hablasteis
hablaraon
visit compr
me aloj nad

we spoke you spoke

(fam.pl.)

I can(not) / s/he can (not)...

(no) quiero / quiere

(no) quera (no)tengo que/ (no)tiene que (no) tena)

I (dont) want to / s/he (doesnt) want(s)to

I (didnt) want to / s/he (didnt) want to... I (dont)have to / s/he has to/ (s/he doesnt have to..) I (didnt) have to/ s/he (didnt) have to..

they/you spoke (pol.pl.)

I visited I bought
I stayed I swam

pas
lo pas bien

I spent
I had a good time

voy a/va a
iba a (no) me (le) gusta

+ verb

Im going to / s/he is going to I was going to / s/he was going to ..

I (dont) like to / s/he doesnt like to

viaj
jugu

I travelled
I played

me (le) encanta
me (le) gustara

I love to / s/he loves to

I/he/she would like to

fui I went hice I did v I saw com I ate beb I drank

KS3 Spanish Core Language 3

Referring to belonging(s)

Sentence building
(no) puedo / puede (no) quiero / quiere I can(not) / s/he can (not)... I (dont) want to / s/he (doesnt) want(s)to

my your

mi tu

his/her your
our your

su su
vuestro nuestro

(no) quera

I (didnt) want to / s/he (didnt) want to...

+ verb in the INFINITIVE form

no.nada

(no)tengo que/ (no)tiene que

I (dont)have to / s/he has to/ (s/he doesnt have to..)

(no) tena) que

voy a/va a

their your

su su

I (didnt) have to/ s/he (didnt) have to..

Im going to / s/he is going to I was going to / s/he was going to ..

iba a Referring to things & people

(no) me (le) gusta

me te lo (le)*
la lo/la(le) * nos os los

me you (singular familiar) he

she you (singular
f ormal)

I (dont) like to / s/he doesnt like to

I love to / s/he loves to I/he/she would like to I/s/he was planning to..

me (le) encanta me (le) gustara tena pensado

estaba a punto de
acabo/acaba de

I/s/he was about to....

I have just / s/he has just....

us you (plural f amiliar) them (masculine)

acab/acab de
antes de/despus de

I had just / s/he had just...

before (doing).../after (doing)

las los/las

them (f eminine) you (plural f ormal)

Expressing negatives How to refer to the future

Infinitive + yo (I)

t (you 1 person, f am)

l/ ella he/she usted you 1 person polite

notat all, nothing, not anything

no s nada de eso

I dont know anything about that never (not..ever) I never to go the cinema No-one (not anyone)
I dont know anyone

nonunca
no voy nunca al cine

nosotros - we
vosotros you pl., f am

emos
is

ellos/ellas - they
ustedes you pl., polite

n
n

nonadie
no conozco a nadie

Los programas de televisin un concurso las noticias

el telediario / informativo

a game show the news

the news bulletin

el pronstico los anuncios una telenovela / un culebrn

una serie unos dibujos animados

the weather forecast adverts a soap opera

a series a cartoon

un programa infantil un programa musical / de msica un programa de deportes

una pelcula

a childrens programme a music programme a sports programme

a film

una comedia un documental

Describir un programa

a comedy a documentary
Describing a programme

Tiene lugar en Trata de la vida de

Es un programa para adults/jvenes/ nios/todos

It takes place in Its about the life of

Its a programme for adults/teenagers/ children/everyone

A mi me gusta porque A mi madre le gusta(n)

I like it because My mum likes

Types of film & adjectives una pelcula una pelcula romntica una pelcula cmica una pelcula histrica una pelcula policaca una pelcula de ciencia-ficcin una pelcula de accin una pelcula de aventura una pelcula de terror/ de miedo
una pelcula de dibujos animados una pelcula de guerra una pelcula del oeste emocionante

a film a romantic film a comedy an historical film a thriller a science fiction film an action film an adventure film a horror film
a cartoon a war film a western exciting

aburrido divertido inteligente gracioso/cmico infantil interesante tonto informativo serio triste

boring fun intelligent funny childish interesting stupid informative serious sad

A visit to the cinema

la entrada la pantalla el precio la sesin la categora apta para todos los pblicos para mayores de 7 aos para mayores de 13 aos para mayores de 18 aos
Diga?/Dgame? Quieres salir conmigo?

ticket screen price Session / showing category U PG (equivalent) 13 (our 15 equivalent) 18

Hello (when answering phone) Do you want to go out with me?

Adnde quieres ir?

A qu hora? Dnde quedamos? bueno/vale conmigo

Where do you want to go?

What time? Where shall we meet? Ok, fine with me

contigo dos entradas, por favor Para qu pelcula? Para qu sesin? Aqu tiene Cunto es? En qu sala es? A qu hora empieza?

with you two tickets please for which film? for which session? here you are How much is it? Which room/cinema is it? What time does it start?

Reviewing a film la historia the story

la accin un desastre los efectos especiales un drama inspirado en hechos reales

visto por los ojos de un viaje (en busca de)

the action a disaster the special effects a drama based on fact

seen through the eyes of a journey (in search of)

la msica transcurre (transcurrir) termina con (terminar) interpreta a (interpretar) se desarrolla (desarollarse) cuenta/narra la historia de (contar/narrar) tiene lugar en (tener lugar)
se muere (morirse) sufre (sufrir) empieza con (empezar)

the music it takes place/occurs (to happen) it ends with (to finish/end) he/she plays the part of (to play the role of) it develops (to develop) it tells the story of..(to tell) it takes place in..(to take place)
he/she/it dies (to die) he/she/it suffers (to suffer) it starts with (to start/begin)

busca (buscar) encuentra (encontrar) descubre (descubrir) asesina (asesinar)

he/she/it is looking for (to search/look for) he/she/it finds (to find) he/she/it discovers (to discover) he/she kills (to kill)

Reviewing a film contd la paz

la muerte la verdad

peace
death truth

la amistad la respuesta
la vida

friendship answer
life

el sueo el significado el futuro

el pasado

dream meaning future

past

el enemigo el villano la vctima

el amor

enemy villain/bad guy victim

love

el secreto peligroso emocionante

misterioso

secret dangerous existing

mysterious

oscuro arriesgado
celoso/envidioso hermoso

dark risky
jealous/envious beautiful

una pelcula de risa, esperanza, suerte

a film of laughter, hope, luck

Biography of a famous person

Verbs in the preterite

naci (nacer) he/she was born (to be born)

empez a + infinitive (empezar) debut en (debutar)

he/she started to (to start) he/she made his debut performance in (to make ones first appearance) he/she had the opportunity to (to have) he/she played (to play)
he/she scored (to score)

tuvo la oportunidad de + infinitive (tener) jug (jugar)

marc (marcar)

derrot a (derrotar) gan (ganar)

he/she beat (to beat) he/she won (to win)

aprendi a + infinitive (aprender he/she learnt to (to learn to) a)

fue (ir) he/she went (to go)

tuvo el papel principal en (tener) fue la estrella en (ser) Verbs in the imperfect
tena poco dinero (tener) cuando tena 18 aos

he/she had the starring role in..(to have) he/she was the star in (to be)
he/she had little money (to have) when he/she was 18

viva (vivir) jugaba (jugar)

cantaba (cantar)

he/she used to live he/she used to play

he/she used to sing

10

Story writing & narrative

Sentence beginnings A los.aos Cuando tena .aos Al terminar el colegio.. De nio/nia Desde 1990 hasta 2000 Fue el ao en el que Fue la poca en la que
To present 2 contrasting ideas pero aunque sin embargo but although however

At the age of .. When he/she was years old On finishing school. As a boy/girl From 1990 until 2000 It was the year in which It was the time in which

To express simultaneous action mientras To express consequence as que por eso To express cause como porque Time expressions
en cuanto as soon as

whilst so that/ in order that for that reason as because

al cabo de
antes/despus

after
before/after

11

la paga
Mis padres me dan
quince libras a la semana cuarenta libras al mes

my parents give me
15 a week 40 a month

Tengo que ayudar en casa pasear al perro

arreglar mi habitacin limpiar la cocina

I have to (to) help at home (to) walk the dog

(to) tidy my room (to)clean the kitchen

gastar (en) ahorrar dar ganar

hacer canguro (hago = I do) (las) revistas

to spend (on) to save to give

to earn

to do babysitting magazines clothing

sweets videogames

(la) ropa (los) caramelos (los) videojuegos

(el) crdito para mi mvil (el) maquillaje

credit for my phone make-up laptop

car Ipod

(el) porttil (el) coche (el) IPod

las vacaciones

holidays

12

El tiempo libre 1 leer libros

ir de compras

Free time to read books

to go shopping

nadar jugar al ftbol jugar al tenis

ir al cine

to swim to play football to play tennis

to go to the cinema

descargar msica ver/mirar la tele

escuchar msica

to download music to watch tv

to listen to music

salir con amigos bailar navegar en Internet

el libro el vale / el cheque / el regalo para libros el ratn de biblioteca el tebeo el cuento de terror/de miedo la biblioteca la revista la novela de misterio,la novela de asesinato,la novela policaca el peridico,el diario

to go out with friends to dance

to surf the net the book

the book voucher

book worm comic horror story library magazine

mystery, detective story

newspaper

13

El tiempo libre 2
el quiosco
la novela

Free time
kiosk
novel

la pgina la biografa el escritor/la escritora la novela romntica

tocar un instrumento

page biography writer romantic story

to play an instrument

el violn, el piano, el clarinete, la flauta la guitarra, la batera la trompeta

violin, piano clarinet, flute guitar, drums trumpet

pop, rock, rap folk, classical la msica pop, rock, rap tradicional, folclrica. clsica music song la cancin performance la actuacin/representacin concert el concierto composer el compositor disco/nightclub la discoteca singer el/la cantante pop star la estrella de msica pop orchestra, group/band la orquesta, el grupo tune la meloda CD, cassette el CD, el casete headphones los auriculares stereo el equipo estereofnico

14

El tiempo libre 3

Free time

hacer de canguro , cuidar nios jugar a los bolos

coleccionar venir

to babysit to bowl
to collect to come

cocer,cocinar ir salir ir de compras, hacer las compras ir de excursin a pie,pasear

descansar,no hacer nada,holgazanear escuchar

to cook to go to go out
to go shopping

to hike, ramble to laze about

to listen to

rodar una pelcula andar, caminar,ir de paseo, pasear ver la televisin disfrutar de enfrentarse con ir a mirar escaparates preferir descansar , relajarse

to shoot (a film ) to walk, to take a walk, to stroll to watch tv to enjoy to get to grips with to window shop to prefer to rest, relax

15

El tiempo libre 4 los medios de comunicacin

la gira

Free time media

tour

el museo (de arte) la bolera

la cmara,la mquina fotogrfica

museum (art) bowling alley

camera

el ajedrez la coleccin
el entretenimiento, la diversin

chess collection
entertainment

la fiesta,la celebracin, el festejo

el juego

party
game

el inters el ocio el pasatiempo la excursin el parque el pub, el bar el monumento el parque temtico,el parque de atracciones el club juvenil
elzoo,el parque zoolgico

interest leisure pastime trip park pub, bar monument theme park youth club
zoo

el placer
la sorpresa

pleasure surprise

16

Tecnologa
el blog los canales de charla el ordenador,el computador el correo electrnico el Internet la pgina de internet el telfono mvil on-line, en lnea, conectado/a el mensaje de texto chatear, charlar

Technology
blog chatrooms computer e-mail internet internet page mobile (phone)

online
text message to chat (online, on MSN etc)

descargar navegar por Internet comunicar por texto la pgina web el web site el enlace, la comunicacin el sondeo, la encuesta la barra oblicua la tecla el teclado el ratn la contrasea (de acceso) la impresora

to download to surf online to text webpage website connection opinion poll/survey forward slash key (of keyboard) keyboard mouse password printer

17

Tecnologa (2)
la pantalla borrar , suprimir imprimir archivar subir, poner el virus subrayar el videojuego la informtica la consola de juegos el programador, la programadora

Technology
screen to erase, delete to print to save, to store to upload virus underscore computer game computing, ICT games console programmer

18

los Juegos Olmpicos el atletismo el bdminton el baloncesto el balonmano el boxeo el ciclismo el hockey el judo el tenis de mesa el tiro el tiro con arco el triatln el voleibol el pentatln moderno el piragismo el remo el taekwondo el tenis el ftbol la esgrima la gimnasia la halterofilia la hpica la lucha la natacin la vela

The Olympic games athletics badminton basketball handball boxing cycling hockey judo table tennis shooting archery triathlon volleyball pentathlon canoeing rowing taekwondo tennis football fencing gymnastics weightlifting equestrian events wrestling swimming sailing

19

Los deportes

sports

bailar to dance hacer aerbica to do aerobics practicar / hacer deporte to do sport hacer ejercicio to exercise pescar to fish hacer footing to jog jugar to play (a game) montar a caballo to ride (horse) ir en patines de ruedas to roller-skate remar to row correr to run practicar la vela to sail disparar to shoot tirar to shoot (at goal) nadar to swim lanzar en paracadas to do parachuting tirarse (al agua) to dive bucear , practicar el buceo /el to scubadive submarinismo montar en monopatn to skateboard dance el baile el esqu (acutico) el patinaje sobre hielo
la escalada (en rocas) skiing (water)

ice-skating (rock) climbing

mountaineering, climbing

el alpinismo la carrera

race, racing

20

Los deportes
el club la pelota el polideportivo el miembro,el socio, la socia el equipo el gol, la meta el partido el/la participante el jugador,la jugadora el ambiente la final la liga el espectador el estadio marcar un gol participar en el torneo el gamberro,la gamberra el rbitro/rbitra

sports club ball leisure centre member team goal (football) match participant player atmosphere final league, division spectator stadium to score a goal to take part in tournament hooligan, lout referee championship fanatical about sports equipment sports ground bull fight bull ring

el campeonato fantico de los artculos de deporte el campo de deporte la corrida de toros la plaza de toros

21

La vida sana adicto/a anorxico/a bajo/a en grasas / desnatado/a bien hecho borracho/a casero/a daoso/a delgado dependiente enfermo/a estresado/a estresante friendly ecolgico/a gordo/a grasiento/a hambriento inconsciente lleno/a no alcohlico/a orgnico/a

Healthy lifestyles addicted anorexic low-fat

well-cooked drunk homemade harmful slim dependent ill stressed stressful environmentally fat fatty, greasy hungry unconscious full non alcoholic organic

22

La vida sana 2 poco sano/a que daa el medio ambiente relajante saludable sano/a, en forma vegetariano/a en mala forma el accidente el alcohol el alcohlico,la alcohlica el apetito el centro de asesoramiento para drogadictos el cigarillo el corazn el cuerpo el estreimiento el fumador,la fumadora el jrabe (para la tos) el medio ambiente el movimiento, el ejercicio el no fumador, la no fumadora

Healthy lifestyles unhealthy environmentally unfriendly relaxing healthy fit vegetarian unfit accident alcohol alcoholic appetite drug advice centre cigarette heart body constipation smoker (cough) syrup environment movement, exercise non-smoker

23

La vida sana 3 el olor el reciclaje el sabor el tabaco el vicio/la mala costumbre la actividad la adiccin,la dependencia la comida basura la comida rpida la costumbre la dieta la droga la fecha de caducidad la fibra diettica la gimnasia la grasa la hambre la indigestin la medicina la obesidad la pobreza la receta la rehabilitacin

Healthy lifestyles smell recycling taste tobacco bad habit activity addiction junk food fast food habit diet drug best-before date dietary fibre gymnastics fat, grease hunger indigestion medicine obesity poverty recipe rehab

24

La vida sana 4 la salud la sobredosis la tos de fumador/a la tranquilidad las dificultades de respiracin las drogas las vitaminas los alimentos orgnicos ahorrar asar asar a la parrilla aspirar beber comer correr dejar de desayunar engordar estar a rgimen estar en forma formar el compost frer fumar

Healthy lifestyles health overdose smokers cough calm, peace breathing difficulties drugs vitamins organic food to save to roast to grill, barbecue to breathe in to drink to eat to run to give up to have/eat breakfast to put on weight to be on a diet to be in shape to compost rubbish to fry to smoke

25

La vida sana 5 hacer ejercicio hacer gimnasia intentar mantenerse en forma mover parar perder peso , adelgazar proteger reciclar reciclar relajarse resistir la tentacin sazonar
separar, ordenar

ser alrgico/a a sucumbir a tener hambre to contribuir tomar (medicina) vomitar

Healthy lifestyles to exercise to do gymnastics to try to keep fit to move to stop to lose weight to protect to recycle to recycle to relax to resist temptation to season to separate/sort the rubbish to be allergic to to succumb to tempation to be hungry to contribute to take (medicine) to be sick, vomit

26

How to say a, some and the: definite and indefinite articles un una unos unas
el

a (masculine object) a (feminine object) some (more than one masculine object) some (more than one feminine object)
the (masc object)

la los las

the (fem object) the (more than one masc object) the (more than one fem object)

NB: Sometimes the article is not needed in Spanish: e.g. No tengo hermanos = I havent any brothers or sisters e.g. Mi padre es profesor = My dad is a teacher

El alfabeto espaol
A B C D E
F G H

a b th d
eff j ach

J K L M N
O P

jota ka ell em en
e o p

R
S T

err
ess t

U V

oo oob

NB: ch and ll are no longer separate letters in the Spanish alphabet but you still might see them in older dictionaries.
In Spanish most words are written as they are said see some more tips on the next page!

W oob dobl X
Y

ekees
ye

ee

koo

theta

27

Subject pronouns

yo

Usted

yo t
l

I you (singular familiar)

he

ella Usted nosotros vosotros

ellos

she you (singular formal) we you (plural familiar)

they (masculine)

ella

ellas Ustedes

they (feminine) you (plural formal) Ustedes

vosotros

nosotros ellos/ellas

28

Regular present tense verbs

To talk about actions in the present, you need to change the infinitive verb by taking off the last 2 letters (either AR, -ER, or IR) and adding different endings.

The endings tell you who is doing the action of the verb. E.g. hablo = I speak, bailan = they dance. In Spanish you usually leave out the subject pronoun (I, you, he, she) because the endings show which person is referred to. Look at the table below to see which endings you need to add to the regular AR, -ER and IR verbs to make the present tense.
NB: Use the t and vosotros forms of you when talking to friends, relations or children. Use the Usted and Ustedes forms when talking to an adult who you would not call by their first name.
Regular present tense verbs (AR) hablar to speak yo (I)
t (you, 1 pers fam)

(ER) aprender to learn aprendo

aprendes

(IR) vivir to live vivo

vives

hablo
hablas

l/ella (he, she) Usted (you, 1 pers, formal)

nosotros (we) vosotros (you, pl, fam)

habla habla
hablamos hablis

aprende aprende
aprendemos aprendis

vive vive
vivimos vivs

ellos/ellas (they) Ustedes (you, pl, formal)

hablan hablan

aprenden aprenden

viven viven

29

Irregular present tense verbs

Some verbs do not follow the regular pattern and you need to learn these by heart. These 8 verbs are the most often used so its worth learning them now! NB: Hay = there is / there are

The 2 verbs to be
SER to be yo (I)
t (you, 1 pers fam) l/ella (he, she) Usted (you, 1 pers, formal) nosotros (we)

ESTAR to be estoy
ests est est estamos

soy
eres es es somos

vosotros (you, pl, fam) ellos/ellas (they) Ustedes (you, pl, formal)

sois son son

estis estn estn

SER is for describing permanent or unchanging characteristics e.g. nationality, professions, physical appearances, time ESTAR is for locations and temporary conditions e.g. mood, state of health, weather, location and position, states that might change

3 more Irregular present tense verbs

HACER to make/do
yo (I) hago

IR to go
voy

TENER to have
tengo

t (you, 1 pers fam) l/ella (he, she) Usted (you, 1 pers, formal) nosotros (we) vosotros (you, pl, fam) ellos/ellas (they) Ustedes (you, pl, formal)

haces hace hace hacemos hacis hacen hacen

vas va va vamos vais van van

tienes tiene tiene tenemos tenis tienen tienen

NB: VENIR (to come) is like TENER

30

3 more Irregular present tense verbs

QUERER to want, like, love yo (I) t (you, 1 pers fam)
l/ella (he, she) Usted (you, 1 pers, formal) nosotros (we) vosotros (you, pl, fam)

PODER to be able to puedo puedes

puede puede podemos podis

DECIR to say digo dices

dice dice decimos decs

quiero quieres
quiere quiere queremos queris

ellos/ellas (they) Ustedes (you, pl, formal)

quieren quieren

pueden pueden

dicen dicen

Ojo!
At the back of this guide you have a dictionary of verbs..

The question words

Preguntas Dnde?
Quin?

Questions Where?
Who?

Cundo? Qu?
Cmo?

When? What?
How?

Por qu? Cunto? Cuntos? Cul(es)?

Why? How much? How many? Which?

31

GUSTAR and espressing likes and dislikes

Gustar really means to be pleasing to. Use gusta with singular nouns and gustan with plural nouns. You need to use the correct indirect pronoun too to show who likes what.
Expressing likes and dislikes 3 impersonal verbs

GUSTAR to like
me (to me) te (to you) le (to him/her) le (to you formal,1 pers) nos (to us)
os (to you fam.pl) les (to them) les (to you formal, pl)

ENCANTAR to love

INTERESAR to interest

gusta(n)

encanta(n)

interesa(n)

There are other verbs that work in this way too. The most important ones are:

encantar interesar chiflar hacer falta doler (o ue)

to love to interest to adore/love to need to hurt

32

Verbs plus infinitives: useful structures

1. Use sirve para followed by an infinitive to express the meaning its used for / you use it for doing something

ejemplo: El agua sirve para lavar la ropa.

You use water for washing clothes.

2. Use gustar (or other similar verbs) followed by an infinitive to express the meaning to like doing something ejemplo: Me gusta mucho montar a caballo I like horse-riding a lot.
3. Use se puede followed by an infinitive to express the meaning you/one can do something ejemplo: En Cambridge se puede hacer punting

You(one) can do punting in Cambridge

4. Use soler followed by an infinitive to express the meaning to usually do something
SOLER (radical-changing verb)

yo (I) t (you, 1 pers fam)

l/ella (he, she) Usted (you, 1 pers, formal)

suelo sueles
suele suele

nosotros (we) vosotros (you, pl, f am)

ellos/ellas (they) Ustedes (you, pl, f ormal)

solemos
solis suelen suelen

beber agua mineral tomar el desayuno a las siete comer muchas legumbres cenar a las ocho comer muchos pasteles

33

5. Use any of the verbs below followed by an infinitive to give advice to someone.
hay que..
se debe
you (one) must
you (one) should..

se tiene que
se recomienda

you (one) must.

it is recommended..

6. Use querer followed by an infinitive to express the meaning to want to do something

QUERER (radical-changing verb) yo (I) t (you, 1 pers fam) l/ella (he, she) Usted (you, 1 pers, formal) nosotros (we) vosotros (you, pl, f am)
ellos/ellas (they) Ustedes (you, pl,
f ormal)

quiero quieres quiere quiere queremos queris

quieren quieren

ir a Espaa tomar el desayuno a las siete visitar Barcelona cenar a las ocho ver una pelcula

7. Use tener que followed by an infinitive to express the meaning to have to do something ejemplo: Tengo que lavar los platos todos los das I have to wash the dishes every day

34

8. Use hay que followed by an infinitive to express the meaning to have to do something in a more impersonal way, about people in general

ejemplo: para sacar buenas notas, hay que estudiar mucho

To get good marks, you have to study a lot

9. Use necesitar followed by an infinitive to express the meaning to need to do something ejemplo: Necesito llamar a mi madre I need to phone my mum 10. Use hace falta followed by an infinitive to express the meaning to need to do something and gustara followed by an infinitive to express the meaning would like to do something

Me

Te Le Nos
Os
Les

hace falta gustara

comprar un boli nuevo

descansar

estudiar ms

35

The preterite regular verbs

We use the preterite to describe events and actions in the past that are finished. The preterite is formed by adding the following endings to the stem of the verb. (NB: stem = infinitive minus AR, -ER or IR ER & IR have the same endings! ending)

{
(ER) comer to eat (IR) vivir to live

Regular preterite tense verbs (AR) comprar to buy

yo (I)
t (you, 1 pers fam) l/ella (he, she)

compr
compraste compr

com
comiste comi

viv
viviste vivi

Usted (you, 1 pers, formal) nosotros (we) vosotros (you, pl, fam)
ellos/ellas (they) Ustedes (you, pl, formal) NB: empezar changes spelling in yo form empec jugar too becomes jugu in yo form

compr compramos comprasteis

compraron compraron

comi comimos comisteis

comieron comieron

vivi vivimos vivisteis

vivieron vivieron

also: alojarse (to stay) ayudar (to help) bailar (to dance) baarse (to bathe) cantar (to sing) cenar (to have dinner) empezar* (to begin) jugar* (to play) pasar (to spend time) pensar (to think) tomar (to take) visitar (to visit)

also: also: beber (to drink) salir (to go out) volver (to return) deber (to have to)

36

The preterite irregular

Some verbs are not regular in the preterite and need to be learnt! Here are the 4 most important:
IR to go SER to be HACER to do, to make hice hiciste TENER to have tuve tuviste ESTAR to be estuve estuviste

fui
fuiste

fue fue fuimos fuisteis

fueron fueron

hizo hizo hicimos hicisteis

hicieron hicieron

tuvo tuvo tuvimos tuvisteis

tuvieron tuvieron

estuvo estuvo estuvimos estuvisteis

estuvieron estuvieron

Here are some other important irregular verbs the yo form is given and the endings are usually predictable. E.g. decir dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijeron. dar poder querer
traer

(to give)
(to be able, can) (to want, wish) (to bring)

di pude quise
traje

decir poner ver

saber

(to say, tell)

dije puse vi
supe

(to put)
(to see, watch) (to know)

venir

(to come)

vine

producir

(to produce)

produje

37

The imperfect tense

The imperfect is used to describe things we did regularly in the past and where we do not know the beginning and end of the action. It also sets the scene in a narrative, describing places, objects, people, time and the weather in the past.
The imperfect is formed by removing the infinitive endings (-AR, -ER, -IR) and adding the following endings:
Regular imperfect tense endings (AR) comprar to buy
yo (I) t (you, 1 pers fam) compraba comprabas ER & IR have the same endings!

(ER) comer to eat

coma comas

{
viva vivas

(IR) vivir to live

l/ella (he, she) Usted (you, 1 pers, formal) nosotros (we)

vosotros (you, pl, fam) ellos/ellas (they)

compraba compraba comprbamos

comprbais compraban

coma coma comamos

comais coman

viva viva vivamos

vivais vivan

Ustedes (you, pl, formal)

compraban

coman

vivan

Most verbs are regular (SER and IR are not). Here are the most common verbs to use in the imperfect tense.
SER to be (irregular) IR to go (Irregular) HACER to do/make (reg) ESTAR to be (reg) HABER there is/are

yo (I) t (you, 1 pers fam) l/ella (he, she) Usted (you, 1 pers, formal) nosotros (we) vosotros (you, pl, fam) ellos/ellas (they) Ustedes (you, pl, formal)

era eras era era eramos eris eran eran

iba ibas iba iba bamos bais iban iban

haca hacas haca haca hacamos hacais hacan hacan

estaba estabas estaba estaba estbamos estabais estaban estaban haba

38

Future tense I will do.

The future is used to describe things we will do. This is quite a nice tense as there is only one set of endings for all 3 types of verbs. You need to remember, however, that endings are added on to the infinitive, which is unusual when forming tenses in Spanish.
Regular Future Tense Verbs

Yo (I) T (you 1 person, fam) l/ ella he/she Usted you 1 person ploite Nosotros - we Vosotros you pl., fam ellos/ellas - they
Ustedes you pl., polite

s emos is n
n

Infinitive +

Examples
Despus de mis exmenes, ir a Espaa After my exams, I will go to Spain

Cenaremos a las ocho We will have dinner at 8 oclock

La fiesta ser estupenda!

The party will be great! En el futuro comprarn una casa en Francia

In the future they will buy a house in France

39

Future tense Irregular verbs

There are a few common irregular verbs in the future tense, that is to say that you do not add endings onto the infinitive, but onto a slightly different stem. The chart below shows you the I form the other forms will have the same change.

Verb

Meaning

I Form in future

salir tener poder decir hacer haber Examples Lo har ms tarde I will do it later

to go out to have to be able to to say to do/ to make

saldr tendr podr dir har

there is/ there are habr (it form)

Tendremos un exmen la semana que viene We will have a test next week Habr un cine nuevo en nuestro pueblo el ao que viene There will be a new cinema in our town next year

40

Conditional Tense
The conditional is used to describe things we would do. This is another good tense as there is only one set of endings for all 3 types of verbs. You need to remember, just as with the future tense, that endings are added on to the infinitive, which is unusual when forming tenses in Spanish.
Regular Conditional Tense Verbs

Yo (I)
T (you 1 person, fam)

a
as a a amos ais an

Infinitive +

l/ ella he/she Usted you 1 person ploite Nosotros - we Vosotros you pl., fam ellos/ellas - they Ustedes you pl., polite

an

I would travel to China but I dont have any money

Viajara a China pero no tengo dinero.

I would sing but I cant.

Cantara pero no puedo. Formas irregulares (just like for the FUTURE tense) Podra I would be able to Tendra I would have Saldra I would go out Hara I would do Habra there would be Pondra I would put

41

Perfect Tense
The perfect tense is used as in English to mean I have done. It has two parts as in English: the present tense form of the verb haber (another verb meaning to have) and the past participle.

The present tense of haber is like this

The past participle of regular verbs is made by Taking off the infinitive ending (ar/er/ir) and adding -ado (ar verbs) or ido (er and ir verbs) e.g. -ar verbs -er verbs

he has ha hemos habis han

-ir verbs

dejado
jugado esquiado

comido
perdido tenido

vivido
salido venido

cortado quemado charlado

torcido cogido bebido

ido decidido dormido

There are a few (not very many really!) irregular past participles to learn! (to open) abrir abierto
(to cover) cubrir cubierto

(to write) escribir escrito

(to do) hacer hecho

(to break) romper roto

(to see) ver visto

(to say) decir dicho (to discover) descubrir descubierto

(to die) morir muerto (to put) poner puesto

(to return) volver vuelto

42

Pluperfect Tense (El pluscamperfecto)

Use: Translates had done When I had finished my homework, I watched TV I had to speak to my teacher because I had forgotten my book
Form: haba habas haba habamos habais haban

past participle
e.g. comprado bebido venido

E.g. 1 Cuando haba terminado mis deberes, vi la televisin 2 Tuve que hablar con mi profesor porque haba olvidado mi libro

The Subjunctive
Es importante que Its important that Es una mala idea que its a bad idea that

Es imprescindible que Es necesario que Es posible que

Es aconsejable que Es una lstima que

Its vital that

Es una buena idea que Espero que Temo que

Pido que Quiero que

Its a good idea that I hope that I fear that

I ask that I want that

Its necessary that Its possible that

Its advisable that Its a pity that

43

What do the phrases on the previous page have in common? They express: uncertainty, feelings, judgements

wishes, hopes, preferences, permitting. attitudes They all end in que and they all need to be followed by the subjunctive.
The subjunctive is easy to form: You take the present tense YO form of the verb and add these endings:
AR verbs -e -es -e -emos -is -en ER/IR verbs -a -as -a -amos -is -an

For example: I want you to finish Quiero que termines. Espero que me escribas. I hope that you write to me

One more use of the subjunctive

After

cuando,
when referring to the future!!

And finally, some irregulars

For example: When I arrive tomorrow = Cuando llegue maana When I am older = Cuando sea mayor

hacer haga; hagas; haga; hagamos; hagis; hagan ser sea; seas; sea; seamos; seis; sean ir vaya; vayas; vaya; vayamos; vayis; vayan tener tenga; tengas; tenga; tengamos; tengis; tengan haber haya; hayas; haya; hayamos; hayis; hayan

44

AR verbs - regular
acabar aceptar acompaar aconsejar adorar alojarse alquilar andar anular aparcar arreglar aterrizar ayudar cambiar cargar charlar circular (en coche) cliquear comprar contactar cuidar dejar desear detestar durar echar de menos empujar to finish, end to accept to accompany to advise to love to stay to rent/to hire to walk to cancel to park to repair, tidy to land to help to change to load, to charge to chat to go along (in a car) to click to buy to contact to look after to leave,lend to want, wish for to hate to last

to miss to push

to love to get angry to show/teach to enter to send to escape to listen to wait for to hope to study to go wrong/to fallar fail, to miss faltar to miss, be lacking firmar to sign ganar to win, earn gastar to spend golpear to hit hablar to speak iluminar to light informar to inform intentar to try interesarse en to be interested in investigar to research invitar to invite juntarse on to meet lIamar to call lIamar (a la to knock (at the puerta) door) lIamar (el to ring (the bell) timbre) 45

encantar enfadarse ensear entrar enviar escapar(se) escuchar esperar esperar estudiar

lIamarse lIegar lIorar mandar mecanografiar mejorar navegar en Internet notar odiar olvidar organizar parar(se) pasar pasear (el perro) pasearse pegar perdonar preguntar presentar prestar reembolsar reemplazar rellenar reparar reservar revisar robar

to be called to arrive to cry to give orders to type to improve to surf the internet to note to hate to forget to organise to stop to pass by/to go to walk (the dog) to go for a walk to stick to forgive to place, ask (a question) to present to lend to refund to replace to fill to repair to reserve to revise to steal

saltar salvar situarse solicitar telefonear terminar(se) tirar tocar tomar trabajar triunfar usar utilizar verificar visitar

to jump to save to be situated to apply for to phone to end, finish to throw, pull to touch to take (have food and drink) to work to succeed to use to use to check to visit

Ojo!
You can go to www.verbix.com to check your verb endings in the tense you need.

46

ER verbs - regular
aprender beber comer creer deber leer responder vender ver to learn to drink to eat to think, believe to have to to read to answer to sell to see

IR verbs - regular
abrir aadir arrepentirse decidir describir discutir discutir escribir partir permitir recibir subir vivir to open to add to regret, be sorry to decide to describe to discuss to argue to write to leave to allow to receive to climb to live

47

These verbs are all IRREGULAR in the YO (I) form:

dar to give yo (doy) darse cuenta to realise yo (me doy) darse prisa to hurry yo (me doy)

AR verbs
yo (acojo) yo (agradezco) yo (caigo) yo (cojo) yo (complazco) yo (conozco) yo (hago) yo (merezco) yo (ofrezco) yo (parezco) yo (me parezco a) yo (pongo) yo (repongo) yo (s)

ER verbs
acoger agradecer caer coger complacer to be host to to thank to fall to take, catch to please to know (meet (get to conocer know) hacer una pregunta to ask a question merecer to deserve ofrecer to offer parecer to seem parecerse a to look like, to resemble poner to put reponer to put back saber to know (a fact)

IR verbs
conducir decir dirigir dirigirse a introducir producir to drive to say to manage to apply to to introduce to produce yo (conduzco) yo (digo) yo (dirijo) yo (me dirijo a) yo (introduzco) yo (produzco)

48

Radical-changing verbs
Other verbs change their vowel in the root or stem of the verb, except in the nosotros and vosotros parts of the verb. These verbs can also be called boot verbs - you can see why below! pienso piensas piensa
pensamos

pensis piensan

There are 3 types of change: e ie ei o ue Radical-changing verbs

ei
decir to say

eie
preferir to prefer prefiero
prefieres prefiere prefiere preferimos

oue
dormir to sleep duermo
duermes duerme duerme dormimos

digo (all irregular)

dices dice dice decimos

prefers prefieren prefieren

also:pensar (to think), cerrar (to close) despertarse (to wake up) encender (to switch on) empezar (to begin) entender (to understand) comenzar (to begin) divertirse (to enjoy oneself) nevar (to snow) perder (to lose) querer (to want) recomendar (to recommend) sentarse (to sit down)

decs dicen dicen

also:pedir (to ask for), repetir (to repeat) seguir (to follow) vestirse (to get dressed) elegir (to choose) pedir prestado (to borrow) rer (to laugh) servir (to serve) servirse de (to use) sonrer (to smile)

dorms duermen duermen

acostarse (to go to bed) contar (to tell) costar (to cost) encontrar (to find) mostrar (to show) jugar (to play) morir (to die) poder (to be able to) recordar (to remember) soler (to usually do) volver (to return)

49

Direct Object Pronouns

All types of Pronouns are particles (little words) that take the place of the object itself, so that the object does not have to be repeated over and over and over

Did you buy the football Yes, I bought the football

? .

Did you pay a lot for the football ? Well,

the football

wasnt cheap.

Can you play with the football ? Yes, and my brother plays with
the football too.

Instead of so much repetition of football, in English we would say it. You could also do the same for people instead of things, and for several things instead of just one thing.

Singular me (me) te (you) le/lo/la (him/it/her)

Plural nos (us) os (you [all]) los/las (them)

In English we put the pronoun where the noun was that it replaces. In Spanish you put the pronoun in front of the verb. E.g. Compro mucha ropa. La adoro! (I buy lots of clothing. I love it!

50

Common errors (to avoid!)

1. On + days of the week

On Saturday On Tuesdays (i.e. every week)

2. In the morning / in the evening

el sbado los martes

in the morning por la maana in the afternoon / evening por la tarde at 5 oclock in the morning a las 5 de la maana at 8 oclock in the evening a las 8 de la tarde 3. Next week / the following week Next Saturday Im going to go to el prximo sbado the cinema (future + present = voy a ir al cine prximo) The following / next Saturday I el sbado siguiente went to the cinema (past = fui al cine siguiente)

4. In Spanish the adjective comes after the noun. the brown dog el perro marrn

5. In Spanish the adjective changes its ending to match the noun it describes. the small dog el perro pequeo the small house
the small dogs

la casa pequea
los perros pequeos

the small houses

las casas pequeas

51

6. Saying your age use TENER not SER I am 15 years old My mum is 40 years old Tengo 15 aos Mi madre tiene 40 aos

7. You have to know the genders of nouns. Lots can be correctly guessed. i.e. words ending in o are usually masculine, words ending in a are usually feminine. BUT these are the key exceptions to watch out for: el da day el problema problem el programa programme el sistema system el poema poem el idioma language el tema subject/topic el clima climate el mapa map el planeta planet el sof sofa
And dont forget these two unusual feminine nouns: la radio radio la mano hand

8. GUSTAR means to please not to like so to use it to express liking you have to say something pleases me or something pleases her/him or, for plural things, they please me
I like chocolate me gusta el chocolate

I like horror films She likes chocolate My dad likes horror films

me gustan las pelculas de terror A ella le gusta el chocolate

A mi padre le gustan las

pelculas de terror

52

9. Once you get GUSTAR right, there is the temptation to add me to lots of other verbs that dont need it: e.g. me prefiero = I prefer me/myself OR me odio = I hate me/myself. They dont need me in front. REMEMBER: GUSTAR is different,

10. Is or are? Forgetting to make your verb match your subject. I like comedies because they Me gustan las comedias are funny porque son interesantes.
11. I like going to the cinema Me gusta + infinitive. NOT me gusta voy = I like I go

I like going/ the cinema

to go

to

Me gusta ir al cine

12. Using un/una with jobs Dont do it! I am a doctor Soy mdico 13. Using your or my with parts of the body or clothing Dont do it! In Spanish just use el or la I twisted my ankle me torc el tobillo I put on my jumper Me pongo el suter 14. Using un otro to mean another Dont do it! Just use otro I want another book Quiero otro libro
15. Two verbs to be. SER and ESTAR SER is generally used with permanent or intrinsic properties. ESTAR is generally used with temporary conditions or transient qualities. This is too simple but try to consider when you say is or are in Spanish whether you want es or est, son or estn.

53

Nmeros cardinales y ordinales

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 un(o) / una dos tres cuatro cinco seis siete ocho nueve diez once doce trece catorce quince diecisis diecisiete dieciocho diecinueve veinte veintiuno veintids veintitrs veinticuatro veinticinco veintisis veintisiete veintiocho veintinueve treinta treinta y uno
10 20 30 diez veinte treinta 100 200 300 cien doscientos trescientos

40 50 60 70 80 90

cuaranta cincuenta sesenta setenta ochenta noventa

400 500 600 700 800 900

cuatrocientos quinientos seiscientos setecientos ochocientos novecientos

1000 - mil

1458 mil cuatrocientos cincuenta y ocho 2000 dos mil 1,000,000 un milln 2,000,000 dos millones primero
segundo

first
second

tercero cuarto quinto sexto

sptimo

third fourth fifth sixth

seventh

octavo noveno dcimo

eigth nineth tenth

54

Los das de la semana lunes martes

mircoles jueves

The days of the week Monday Tuesday

Wednesday Thursday

Days, months and time

viernes sbado domingo

A qu hora? a la una a las dos, etc a media noche a medio da de la maana de la noche de la tarde Qu hora es? es la una la hora menos cuarto menos diez, etc minuto (m) son las dos, etc y cinco, etc y cuarto y media

Friday Saturday Sunday

At what time? at one o'clock at two o'clock, .. at midnight at noon in the morning in the night in the evening What time is it? it's one o'clock hour quarter to ten to, etc minute it's two o'clock, five past, etc quarter past half past Los meses del The months ao of the year enero January

febrero marzo abril

mayo junio

February March April

May June

julio agosto septiembre

octubre noviembre

July August September

October November

diciembre

December

55

These are to learn and use (a lot!)

Expressions of frequency Expresiones de frecuencia

always every day often usually sometimes

from time to time on Tuesdays

siempre todos los das, cada da a menudo normalmente, usualmente a veces

de vez en cuando los martes

at the weekend once a week twice a month

never

el fin de semana una vez a la semana dos veces al mes

nunca

Linking words before though afterwards, then then first of all or but so nevertheless, however also and

Conectivos antes aunque despus entonces primero (de todo) o pero pues sin embargo tambin y

56

Time expressions
now

Expresiones temporales
ahora

the next day yesterday since

today

al da siguiente ayer desde

hoy

tomorrow morning later

midnight

maana la maana ms tarde

la medianoche

night the day after tomorrow at the start soon next a fortnight
fortnight

la noche pasado maana al principio/comienzo pronto/luego prximo/siguiente quince das

la quincena

week afternoon evening

on time, early

la semana la tarde la tarde

temprano/puntual

57

Intensifiers
rather/quite almost too very really bastante casi demasiado muy realmente

Comparatives
more (.than) less (than) as (as)

Comparativos
ms (..que) menos (que) tan (como)

Adverbs
quickly unfortunately straight away especially Immediately recently especially still (yet) already perhaps

Adverbios
de prisa desgraciadamente enseguida especialmente inmediatamente recientemente sobre todo todava ya quizs

Positions
below (down) over there there here up there

Posiciones
abajo ah all aqu arriba

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High-frequency words and expressions (These come up all the time!)

How do you cmo se algo spell that? deletrea? alguien there you are ah tienes la cifra here you are aqu tienes como OK bien la cosa good luck buena suerte esto/eso con (mucho) with pleasure la fin gusto/placer la forma it depends depende la forma, in my opinion en mi opinin way manera to be about to estar a punta de type el gnero, tipo to be in the estar haciendo middle el medio process of doing (algo) I'm fine estoy bien no no number el nmero I've had enough he tenido bastante for example por ejemplo I don't mind me da igual because porque mine mo/a yes s it doesn't matter no importa nada if si no importa, da don't care! Mr. Sr. igual Mrs Sra. normalmente, usually Miss Srta. usualmente todo el once again otra vez everybody mundo, todos what a shame! qu pena! time la vez of course seguro something someone figure as, like thing this/that end shape

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Prepositions
at, to because of a a causa de
at (someone's en casa de house)

at the end of al final de next to

about

in on above opposite
between

en, dentro de en, sobre encima enfrente

entre

al lado de
alrededor

around before
under

alrededor de antes
bajo

among outside towards

until

entre fuera hacia

hasta

near with against from

in front of

cerca de con contra de,desde

delante de

far from everywhere through

except

lejos de por todos lados por, a travs de

salvo, excepto

after behind during in, by

despus detrs durante en

for, in order to por, para according to without segn sin

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Colores
Remember that colours are adjectives. Adjectives in Spanish often change their spelling according to what they describe. Adjectives ending in o work like blanco. Adjectives ending in l, s, n work like the colours azul, gris and marrn. Adjectives ending in e work like verde.
blanco/a/os/as white

negro/a/os/as amarillo/a/os/as rojo/a/os/as

pequeo/a/os/as claro/a/os/as

black yellow red

small light

oscuro/a/os/as azul/es gris/es

marrn/es verde/s grande/s

dark blue grey

brown green big

de color avellana de color naranja de color rosa

de color violeta

chestnut brown orange pink

purple

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duro/a hard abierto/a open enfadado/a angry aburrido/a boring estupendo/a great agradecido/a grateful estpido/a, alto/a high tonto/a stupid amable kind falso/a wrong, false antiguo/a former, antique fantstico/a great asqueroso/a disgusting cansado/a tired bello/a beautiful favorito/a favourite breve brief favorito/a, brillante brilliant preferido/a favourite bueno/a good feo/a ugly buscado/a sought after flexible flexible caliente hot great, cansado/a tiring formidable marvellous cercano/a close fuerte strong cerrado/a con gordo/a fat lIave locked grande big, tall cerrado/a closed grande great confortable comfortable gratis, contento/a happy/pleased gratuito/a free corto/a short handsome/ de buen humor in a good mood guapo/a pretty/ de pie standing horrible awful dbil weak igual same difcil difficult ilusionado/a exciting dinmico/a dynamic increble unbelievable divertido/a funny joven young 62

Adjetivos

junto/a largo/a libre ligero/a limpio/a listo/a lIeno/a maduro/a magnfico/a maravilloso/a mismo necesario/a nuevo/a numeroso/a otro/a pequeo/a perdido/a perfecto/a pesado/a podrido/a propio/a prximo/a rpido/a real responsible rico/a roto

together long free light clean ready full mature magnificent marvellous same necessary new numerous other small lose perfect heavy rotten own next fast/quick real responsible rich broken

ruidoso/a noisy sabio/a wise sano/a healthy satisfecho/a satisfied sensacional sensational serio/a serious severo/a, strict estricto/a silencioso/a silent solo/a alone sucio/a dirty tmido/a shy tpico/a typical todo/a all trabajador/a hardworking ltimo/a last til useful vago/a lazy vlido/a valid valioso/a, de valuable (gran) valor variable variable verdadero/a true viejo/a old

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Comparatives

ms + adjective + .que menos + adjective + que tan + adjective + .como Ejemplos:

more..than less..than as.as

Mi hermana es ms alta que yo My sister is taller than me

Mi madre es ms sociable que mi padre Cameron Diaz es menos famosa que Kylie Minoque Soy tan impaciente como mi madre Superlatives My mum is more sociable than my dad Cameron Diaz is less famous than Kylie Minoguel I am as impatient as my mum

el/la ms + adjective el/la menos + adjective Ejemplos: Mi padre es el ms alto de la familia. Soy el ms deportista de la familia. Mi hermana es la menos egoista de la familia Excepciones
mejor peor

the most the least. My dad is the tallest in the family. I am the most sporty in the family. My sister is the least selfish in the family
better worse

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Datos personales el nombre

el apodo el apellido

Personal information name

nickname surname

la direccin el cumpleaos
la edad la fecha de nacimiento

address birthday age

date of birth

el lugar de nacimiento la nacionalidad el cdigo postal el nmero de telfono el ao el carcter / la personalidad el sexo el prefijo local el rasgo caracterstico nacido/a muerto/a casado/a separado/a solo/a adulto/a. mayor menor de edad el extranjero/la extranjera presentarse

place of birth nationality postcode telephone number year character, personality gender area code character trait born deceased (dead) married separated alone adult underage foreigned to introduce oneself

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Describir a personas anticuado/a , pasado/a de moda activo/a

Describing people

old-fashioned
active

agrio/a , enfadado/a, enojado/a sour, cross amable animado/a , alegre , vivaz

antiptico/a atento/a

likeable lively
unfriendly helpful

atractivo/a aventurero/a bien equilibrado/a bonito/a , mono/a , lindo/a cansado/a celoso/a charlatn/a, hablador/a contento/a , feliz de buen / mal humor delgado/a deprimido/a desagradable descarado/a descontento/a , insatisfecho/a digno/a de confianza duro/a , severo/a econmico/a , ahorrativo/a

attractive adventurous well-balanced pretty tired jealous talkative happy in a good / bad mood thin depressed unpleasant, disagreable cheeky dissatisfied reliable hard, harsh thrifty 66

Describir a personas 2
educado/a , corts

Describing people
polite

egosta enamorado/a enfadado/a

extranjero/a feo/a

selfish in love angry, cross

foreign ugly

generoso/a gracioso/a hermoso/a guapo/a honesto/a ideal impaciente impresionante, magnfico/a independiente ingenioso/a inteligente joven jubilado/a leal , fiel loco/a , mal educado/a , descorts multicultural normal optimista

generous funny beautiful honest ideal impatient awesome, magnificent independent witty intelligent young pensioner, senior citizen loyal, faithful mad, crazy impolite multicultural normal optimistic

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Describir a personas 3 paciente

parecido/a

Describing people patient

similar

pesimista pobre pretencioso/a

rico/a seguro/a de s mismo/a

pessimistic poor pretentious

rich self-confident

serio/a simptico/a , amistoso/a solitario/a tacao/a , malo/a , tmido/a tonto/a tranquilo/a triste vanidoso/a

serious friendly lonely mean, nasty shy foolish, silly quiet sad conceited

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Familia
el/la miembro de la familia

Family
member of the family

el/la pariente el padre / la madre

los padres

relative father/mother
parents

el pap / la mam
el padrastro / la madrastra

dad/mum
step-dad/step-mum

el padre / la madre sin pareja el hombre / la mujer el marido, esposo / la mujer, esposa el hijo nico, la hija nica el nio,el chico,el muchacho
el hermano / la hermana el gemelo / la gemela los hermanos el hijo / la hija el abuelo / la abuela los abuelos el novio / la novia el to / la ta el sobrino / la sobrina el nieto / la nieta

single dad/single mum man / woman husband, wife single child boy
brother / sister twin brother / twin sister siblings son / daughter grandad / grandma grandparents boyfriend / girlfriend (fianc) uncle / aunt nephew / niece grandson / granddaughter

la nia, la chica, la muchacha girl

el primo / la prima el yerno / la yerna

cousin son/daughter-in-law

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Familia (2) estar prometido/a molestar disculparse

discutir , pelear hacer de canguro , cuidar nios

Family to be engaged to annoy to apologise, to excuse oneself to argue, to quarrel

to babysit to be annoying, to annoy someone to be called

fastidiar, molestar
llamarse

estar de buen / mal humor cuidar celebrar felicitar criticar donar divorciarse, separar estar prometido/a , ser novios/as casarse llevarse bien con invitar besar conocer gustar parecer cuidar

to be in a good / bad mood to care for, to look after to celebrate to congratulate to criticise to donate to get divorced to get engaged to get married to get on with to invite to kiss to know, (be familiar with) to like to look (e.g. pretty, ugly etc) to look after

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Familia (3) esperar con impaciencia , hacer mucha ilusin preferir apoyar
visitar

Family to look forward to to prefer to support

to visit

reventar , sacar de quicio acosar , hostigar sufrir

(el/la) mayor (el/la) menor la mascota, el animal domstico el perro el gato el amigo / la amiga el vecino / la vecina el soltero / la soltera el / la corresponsal el / la joven el seor / la seora la seorita la gente, la persona el to, el tipo la relacin juntos/as

to get up somebodys nose, to pick on, to harass to suffer the eldest, older the youngest, younger pet
dog cat friend neighbour single person penfriend teenager gentleman / lady miss people, person guy, bloke relationship together

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Familia (4) la discusin, la pelea

el beso

Family argument
kiss

la reunin la visita la invitacin

la boda el matrimonio

meeting visit invitation

wedding marriage party engagement ring wedding ring present baptism work life home homeless unemployed help old peoples home feeling

la fiesta el anillo de compromiso el anillo de boda el regalo el bautizo el trabajo la vida el hogar sin hogar en paro la ayuda la residencia de ancianos el sentimiento

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En casa el cuarto de bao

la casa independiente

At home bathroom
detached house

el sueo el piso, el apartamento

la casa el cuadro

dream flat
house picture

el hogar, el domicilio, la casa home

la casa adosada semi-detached house el despacho study (room) la casa adosada terraced house ordenado/a tidy desordenado/a untidy el bloque de pisos (house divided into flats) el cepillo/la pasta de dientes tooth brush/paste to switch on encender to switch off apagar peinarse to comb (hair) divertirse to enjoy oneself apetecer to feel like (doing something) poner to put on maquillarse to put on make-up reparar to repair afeitarse acompaar to shave to tag along, to accompany

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Miscellaneous other vocabulary el conocimiento

la ventaja

knowledge
advantage

el principio,el comienzo el reloj la desventaja

el juguete el paraguas

beginning clock, watch disadvantage

toy umbrella

el concurso la emergencia la luz el paso la encuesta, el sondeo la universidad la discriminacin racista (m,f) perjudicar experimentar agotado/a rizado/liso el bigote la barba calvo/a el tatuaje

competition emergency light step survey university discrimination racist to disadvantage to experience sold out curly/straight moustache beard bald tattoo

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las partes del cuerpo la cabeza los ojos las orejas / Los odos
la nariz la boca

Parts of the body head eyes ears (outer) / ears (inner)

nose mouth

las mejillas los dientes las muelas el cuello la garganta

los hombros el pecho

cheeks teeth teeth neck throat

shoulders chest

el estmago las caderas la espalda los brazos el codo

la mueca el dedo

stomach hips back arms elbow

wrist finger

el pulgar las piernas la rodilla el tobillo los pies

thumb legs knee ankle feet

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Saying something hurts me duele me duelen tengo dolor de .. my .. hurts (singular) my .. hurt (plural) I have .ache

Describing how you feel: Expresiones con TENER

tengo miedo tengo hambre / sed I am scared I am hungry / thirsty

tengo calor / frp

tengo sueo

I feel hot / cold

Im tired

tengo fiebre / gripe / tos / nauseas / catarro tengo nauseas tengo una insolacin / una quemadura / una ampolla / una picadura tengo ganas de tengo que
huir ir a casa

I have a temperature / flu / a cough / cold I feel sick I have sunstroke / a burn / a blister / a bite I want to.. / feel like I have to
run away go home

dormir encontrar a mi familia estoy resfriado

estoy constipado estoy mareado

sleep find my family I have a cold

I have a cold I feel dizzy

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Los problemas de la salud me siento enfermo/a tengo ganas de vomitar estoy cansado/a
estar nervioso/a

Health issues I feel ill I feel sick Im tired

to be nervous/stressed

estar sin sentido/inconsciente to be unconscious

toser respirar morir inyectar romper

resoplar torcerse (el tobillo)

to cough to breathe to die to inject to break

to snort to sprain (ones ankle)

daar , hacer dao a , herir

hinchado/a roto/a torcido/a las tiritas
las pastillas la droguera

to hurt, injurt swollen broken twisted plasters

pills non-dispensing chemist

la farmacia la inyeccin la jeringa el alcoholismo el SIDA

chemist injection needle alcoholism aids

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La comida : la fruta la manzana el albaricoque el pltano la cereza el zumo de fruta la uva el meln,(la sanda) la naranja el melocotn la ciruela la frambuesa la fresa la pia la pera

Food: fruit apple apricot banana cherry fruit juice grape melon (water melon) orange peach plum raspberry strawberry pineapple pear

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La comida : las verduras la haba,la juda la zanahoria la coliflor el pepino las judas verdes la lechuga la ensalada
el champion

Food: vegetables bean carrot cauliflower cucumber green beans lettuce salad mushroom (round topped) mushroom (flat topped) pea potato tomato vegetable garlic onion

la seta el guisante la patata el tomate la verdura, la hortaliza el ajo la cebolla

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La comida : la carne / el pescado el atn,el bonito el filete el ganso

el jamn (serrano, de York) el pat

Food: meat / fish tuna escalope goose

ham (cured, cooked) pt

el pato el pavo el pescado el pollo el salmn

la carne la carne de cerdo

duck turkey fish chicken salmon

meat pork

la carne de cordero la carne de vaca la merluza la salchicha la ternera

la trucha un asado

lamb beef hake sausage veal

trout a roast

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La comida : los cereales el arroz el bocadillo,el bocata el muesli

el pan el panecillo

Food: cereals rice sandwich muesli

bread roll

el pastel el sandwich la avena cocida la galleta la harina

la tarta la tostada

cake toasted sandwich porridge biscuit flour

gateau, tart, flan toast

las pastas Las bebidas el agua mineral (con gas, sin gas) el cacao el caf el t (de fruta, de hierbas) el vino (tinto, blanco)
el zumo la cerveza la leche (con toda la nata) la limonada

pasta Drinks mineral water (sparkling, still) chocolate coffee tea (fruit, herbal) wine (red, white)
juice beer milk (full fat) lemonade

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Ms comida el aceite el azcar el chocolate el desayuno el helado el huevo el huevo frito el postre el queso el tentempi el yogur la cena la cena la comida la comida,el almuerzo la comida,la alimentacin,los comestibles la grasa la mantequilla la margarina la mermelada la miel

more food oil sugar chocolate breakfast ice cream egg fried egg sweet (dessert) cheese snack yoghurt evening meal, dinner, supper evening meal meal lunch food fat, grease butter margarine jam honey

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Ms comida 2 la nata,la crema la nuez la sal la sopa la tortilla las patatas fritas las patatas fritas las tapas los caramelos los huevos revueltos crudo/a dulce graso/a , grasiento/a picante sabroso/a

more food cream nut salt soup omelette chips crisps snacks taken at the bar sweets scrambled eggs raw sweet fatty, greasy hot (spicy) tasty

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